天然色素的超声提取研究

本文主要研究利用超声波提取叶绿素。并且对超声提取法和单纯浸泡法作了比较,同时,分析了叶绿素提取效率对时间的依赖性。实验结果显示,用超声来提取绿色植物中的叶绿素,可以增大提取率,缩短提取时间。     

一株烟草青枯雷尔氏菌烈性噬菌体RS-PⅡ-1的分离及全基因组分析

分离鉴定一株侵染烟草青枯雷尔氏菌的烈性噬菌体,观察其形态特征,并进行全基因组测序与分析,为采用噬菌体疗法防治烟草青枯病提供技术储备。以烟草青枯菌TB15-15为宿主菌,从土壤中筛选分离得到噬菌体;分离得到的噬菌体经纯化浓缩,采用透射电子显微镜观察其形态特征;提取噬菌体DNA,进行全基因组高通量测序,分析其全基因组的结构特征,比较基因组分析明确其进化关系。以TB15-15为宿主菌,从长期种植烟田土壤中分离得到一株青枯雷尔氏菌烈性噬菌体。电镜观察显示,该噬菌体属于有尾噬菌体目、短尾噬菌体科。基因组全长42 042bp,GC含量为63.2%,含有46个开放阅读框,比较基因组分析确定该噬菌体为一株新的青枯雷尔氏菌烈性噬菌体,命名为RS-PⅡ-1。以烟草青枯菌为宿主菌,分离到一株新的青枯雷尔氏菌烈性噬菌体RS-PⅡ-1,明确了其形态和基因组特征,为防治青枯病的噬菌体疗法奠定基础。     

生物物理新技术新方法在LB 膜结构与功能研究中的应用

现代生物物理技术与方法的发展为LB膜科学的基础研究提供了丰富的手段,使单分子膜科学取得了令人瞩目的进步。文章就单分子膜研究领域中物理新技术与新方法如LB膜仪、表面粘度计、X射线与中子散射技术、布鲁斯特角光学显微镜、电子显徽镜、原子力显微镜等的基本实验原理及其在单分子膜物理特性与功能研究中的应用作简单介绍;并鉴于各种仪器的优缺点,作者提出了多仪器联合对单分子膜进行研究的方案和前景进行了探讨。     

荧光酶标免疫分析在食品微生物检测中的应用

荧光酶标免疫分析是一种新型的快速检测微生物的方法,具有方便、快速、灵敏、准确等优点,已越来越多地被用于进出口食品中致病菌的检测。本文介绍了荧光酶标免疫分析法的原理、特点以及在食品微生物检测中的应用和未来发展方向。     

Passive Detection of Biological Aerosols in the Atmosphere with a Fourier Transform Instrument (FTIR)—the Results of the Measurements in the Laboratory and in the Field

Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR) spectroscopy is one of the most powerful methods for the detection of gaseous constituents, aerosols, and dust in planetary atmospheres. Infrared spectroscopy plays an important role in searching for biomarkers, organics and biological substances in the Universe. The possibility of detection and identifications with FTIR spectrometer of bio-aerosol spores (Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii=BG) in the atmosphere is discussed in this paper. We describe the results of initial spectral measurements performed in the laboratory and in the field. The purpose of these experiments was to detect and to identify bio-aerosol spores in two conditions: 1) In a closed chamber where the thermal contrast between the background and aerosols was large, and 2) In open air where the thermal contrast between the background and aerosols was small. The extinction spectrum of BG spores was deduced by comparing our measurements with models, and other measurements known from the literature. Our theoretical and experimental studies indicate that, during passive remote sensing measurements, it is difficult-but possible to detect and to identify bio-aerosol clouds by their spectral signatures. The simple spectral analysis described in the paper can be useful for the detection of various kinds of trace aerosols-not only in the Earth's atmosphere, but also during planetary missions in the environments of other astronomical objects such as planets, comets etc. We expect that the interpretation of data from spectrometric sounding of Venus and Mars during the current missions Mars and Venus Express, and later during the Rosetta mission will benefit from our experimental work and numerical modelling.     

腌制肉中亚硝酸盐抑菌机理的研究进展

亚硝酸盐是内制品中常用的食品添加剂,具有发色、抑菌、改善风味和质构等作用,特别是亚硝酸盐能够有效的防止内毒梭状杆菌的生长,但是亚硝酸盐具有毒性,亚硝酸根与肉类中的胺类物质反应生成致癌物亚硝胺,使亚硝酸盐的使用受到限制。已有许多亚硝酸盐抑菌机理的研究报道,本文综述了亚硝酸盐作用的微生物、腌制成分和其它因素对亚硝酸盐押菌作用的影响、以及亚硝酸盐抑菌分子机理的研究进展,并对亚硝酸盐作用机理的研究方向进行了展望。     

狼疮性脂膜炎多处皮肤损伤患者的护理

报告了对1例狼疮性肾炎合并脂膜炎多处皮肤受损的患者的护理,经抗感染、支持疗法、皮质类固醇联合免疫球蛋白等治疗的基础上,对多处破溃的皮肤经过清创、湿敷、烤灯等精心的护理压相应的护理措施,20天后使皮肤破溃痊愈。     

甘草的药理作用概述

通过对国内外期刊中有关甘草药理作用的文献进行查阅,综述了甘草具有肾上腺皮质激素样作用、抗消化性溃疡、解痉、抗炎及免疫抑制作用和解毒、抗病毒、镇咳祛痰、抗肿瘤、抑菌、防治肝损害、抗衰老、抗心律失常、抑制气道平滑肌细胞增生、降血脂与抗动脉粥样硬化等药理作用,其临床应用有广阔的前号。     

提高防风种子发芽率的实验研究

目的：提高防风种子发芽率,加大黑龙江省地道药材防风的开发力度。方法：分别采用45℃温水浸种12、24h;150w微波辐射15s、20s、25s 30s;流水冲洗防风种子3—4h;柳枝浸出液为萌发剂培养防风种子,同时培养未经处理的种子作为对照组。结果：对照组发芽率为36．67％;温浸组为60．33％;微波15s组发芽率为68．00％,20s组为74．33％,25s组为71．17％,30s组为67．33％;流水组发芽率为84．00％;柳枝组发芽率为68．67％。结论：大规模播种可采用45℃温水浸种12-24h、150w微波辐射20s、流水冲洗3—4h、柳枝浸出液为萌发剂均可提高发芽势、发芽率,缩短发芽历期,改善出芽不齐等现象。