尾壳核内注射脑啡肽和bestatin对大鼠操作式条件...

Female Wistar rats were trained in a Skinner-box, 30 trials per day in a dark room to establish operant defence conditioning. Training started with a light (15 s), then combined with footshock for further 8 s. When the rats learned to press the key to avoid footshock within 15 s, conditioned response was considered established. After the rats reached a conditioning rate (CR) above 80% for 5 days, cannulae were implanted into caudate-putamen. Two to three days later, Met-enkephalin (MEK) or bestatin (an aminopeptidase inhibitor) was injected bilaterally into caudate-putamen. 30 min, 2 h, 24 h and 48 h after injection, conditioning tests were conducted, with each session consisting of 30 trials. Control experiments were done when 0.9% NaCl (NS) was injected. After injection of NS, CR maintained above 80% in all 4 test sessions. MEK (60 ng/rat) or bestatin (10 micrograms/rat) significantly lowered the CR during the 30 min and 2 h test session. In the latter case, the latency (L) was also prolonged. However both CR and L returned to the control level in the 24 h and 48 h test sessions. Naloxone (2 mg/kg, i.p.) blocked the conditioning-depression effect of bestatin. No significant alteration was seen in locomotor activity after MEK or bestatin injection. The results suggest that enkephalin in caudate-putamen may be involved in the regulation of retrieval of conditioning. Bestatin mimics the effect of MEK on conditioning reflex probably by increasing production of endogenous enkephalin.     

关于昆虫学的交叉科学问题

一、什么是交叉科学所谓交叉科学是指突破某一门学科原有的界限,在研究内容和方法上涉及到两门学科以上研究领域的科学。科学的发展有两种形式:一种是单一的,即研究原有的学科,使其不断深化和精细;另一种是交叉的,即研究各种跨学科的课题,并将其融合起来,形成交叉学科。交叉学科可分为三种类型:一种是研究两门科学交界的问题而成长起来的科学。如:生物化学;另一种是综合多学科知识而发展起来的如:环境科学。还有一种是研究各专门学科中的共性问题,即横断学科。现在许多单一科学,其研究方法和内容常具有交叉学科的性质,而且其交叉比重越来越大。交叉学科的发展,将会导致新学     

微菌落观察法快速检测和鉴别结核杆菌培养物的研究

将取自肺结核患者的219例痰标本接种匡氏琼脂平板,共分离到112例结核菌生长物。其中培养法104例(92.8％)阳性,微菌落观察法108例(96.4％)阳性,微菌落法阳性率稍高。培养法和微菌落法阳性标本首次检出时间分别为18.6d和11d,微菌落检出时间更短(P<0.01)。常规菌型鉴别方法与微菌落法对结核杆菌菌型鉴别的符合率为99％。     

Continuous, real-time monitoring of the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) in animal cell bioreactors

A new method for real-time monitoring of the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) in bioreactors, based on dissolved oxygen (DO) measurement at two points, has been developed and tested extensively. The method has several distinct advantages over known techniques.It enables the continuous and undisturbed monitoring of OUR, which is conventionally impossible without gas analyzers. The technique does not require knowledge of k(L)a. It provides smooth, robust, and reliable signal. The monitoring scheme is applicable to both microbial and mammalian cell bioprocesses of laboratory or industrial scale. The method was successfully used in the cultivation of NSO-derived murine myeloma cell line producing monoclonal antibody. It was found that while the OUR increased with the cell density, the specific OUR decreased to approximately one-half at cell concentrations of 16 x 10(6) cells/mL, indicating gradual reduction of cell respiration activity. Apart from the laboratory scale cultivation, the method was applied to industrial scale perfusion culture, as well as to processes using other cell lines. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

首例长江江豚的野化及行为适应性研究

长江江豚的迁地保护目前已取得初步成功,野化放归是迁地保护的最后一环,也是实现迁地保护目标的必然要求。在此背景下,于2021年4月将来自天鹅洲故道迁地保护区的2头雄性长江江豚转移至与长江干流环境相似的老湾故道,尝试开展野化训练,探究其行为和发声的适应过程,评估其巡游、捕食和发声等行为能否适应较恶劣的环境,为将来规模化的野化,甚至放归自然栖息地提供技术支撑。经过为期1年的野化训练和持续监测,结果表明,老湾故道鱼类密度显著低于天鹅洲故道,丰水期鱼体密度分布不均,上游较中下游高。江豚在上游的每日平均停留时间显著高于中下游, Spearman相关性分析表明与鱼群的密度分布有显著相关性。在进入故道的前2月,江豚顺流巡游所需时间逐渐增加达到峰值,随后降低并趋于稳定。在船舶噪声适应性训练中,江豚的平均呼吸间隔在存在船只干扰时显著降低,随着干扰次数的增加,逐渐恢复至无干扰时的水平。由此认为, 2头江豚对老湾故道的低鱼类资源密度、季节性变化的流速环境及人工施加的船只噪声干扰有良好的适应性,具备放归长江的条件。这是首次实施完全自然环境中江豚的野化训练,将为规模化的野化放归提供技术支撑,促进江豚自然种群的恢复...     

硫酸盐还原一甲烷化两相厌氧消化系统运行工艺条件的研究

以合成废水为基质,研究了采用硫酸盐还原-甲烷化两相厌氧新型工艺处理含高浓度硫酸盐有机废水的系统运行工艺条件.结果表明,酸化-硫酸盐还原反应器的适宜pH为6.5-7.0;500mg/l的S~(2-)使SRB的硫酸盐还原活性下降;208mg/l的[H_2S]_L抑制MPB活性的95.4%;推导出估算气提塔出水回流比R的模型;以得到的工艺条件为依据处理了含19200mg/1的SO_4~(2-)和29400mg/l COD的味精废水.     

叶绿体膜的结构和功能——ⅩⅣ.发育完善与发育不完善的叶绿体膜的某些荧光与延迟光特性的比较

用动力学分光光度计,测定和比较了发育完善与发育不完善小麦叶绿体膜的可变荧光(Fv)、固定荧光(Fo)及延迟光(D.L.)的一些特性、结果是:1.发育不完善叶绿体膜比发育完善的叶绿体膜有较强的Fo发射。2.发育完善的叶绿体膜加Mg~(2+)后,通常表现出Fv的显著增加,而发育不完善膜无Mg~(2+)的调节作用。3.发育不完善叶绿体膜的Fv上升时间约比发育完善的叶绿体膜慢1个数量级、而且,发育不完善膜的光合单位约为对照的1/7.4。4.发育不完善叶绿体膜的Fv下降时间要比发育完善的叶绿体膜慢得多。5.发育不完善叶绿体膜的Fv荧光诱导时间进程曲线,呈指数关系,而发育完善的叶绿体膜的Fv的对数时间进程Log(1-Fv％)呈S型。6.发育不完善叶绿体膜的毫秒级和秒级的延迟光发射及延迟光诱导时间进程都比发育完善的叶绿体膜弱得多。     

大熊猫的麻醉试验

对野生动物进行活体研究时的定位捕捉方法,从十九世纪五十年代至今,国外已有一些动物学工作者作了许多工作。他们应用神经——肌肉阻滞剂等多种药物对各种动物;大至野象、犀牛、河马,小至鸟类、两栖类、爬行类和鱼类等进行了试验研究。哈桑(A.M.Harnloorn)1976年写的《动物的化学捕捉》一书中对此作了比较     

叶绿体膜的结构与功能——ⅩⅢ、发育完善和发育不完善的叶绿体膜的荧光特性比较

小麦发育完善和发育不完善叶绿体膜的低温荧光光谱有着明显的区别,发育完善的叶绿体膜的F_(685)/F_(735)比值为0.81,而发育不完善的叶绿体膜的F_(684)/F_(725)比值却为5.83。发育不完善的叶绿体含有很少或不含叶绿素b及类胡萝卜素。Mg~(2 )提高正常叶绿体F_(685)相对荧光产量,降低F_(735)的相对荧光产量,而对发育不完善的叶绿体膜的荧光发射几乎不发生影响。这和它缺乏捕光叶绿素a/b蛋白复合物及PSI外周天线或内侧天线有关。