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1.
Summary Diverse and abundant trace fossils of the deep-waterNereites ichnofacies have been found in well-dated Early Permian deep-water turbidites (Lercara Formation) of western Sicily (Italy). Conodonts indicate a latest Artinskian to Cathedralian (late Early Permian) age. Microfossils (pelagic conodonts, albaillellid Radiolaria, paleopsychrospheric ostracods, foraminiferal associations dominated byBathysiphon), trace fossils (deep-bathyal to abyssalNereites ichnofacies) and sedimentologic data collectively indicate a deep-water environment for the Early Permian turbidites of the Lercara Formation. The dominance ofAgrichnium and of thePaleodictyon subichnogeneraSquamodictyon andMegadictyon suggests that this icnofauna is closely related in ichnotaxonomic composition to other late Paleozoic deep-water ichnofaunas. The occurrence ofAcanthorhaphe. Dendrotichnium andHelicoraphe, to date only reported from Cretaceous or Tertiary flysch deposits, suggests that the entire ichnofauna corresponds well to previously documented Silurian-Tertiary flysch ichnofaunas. Eight new ichnospecies and a new ichnosubgenus,Megadictyon, are described.  相似文献   
2.
福建永安丰海二叠系上部及三叠系底部的双壳类动物群*   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
王明倩 《古生物学报》1993,32(4):458-476
系统研究了闽西永安丰海地区二叠系上部及三叠系下部的双壳类动物群面貌、层位及组合,并与国内外相当的地层进行了对比,阐明了该双壳动物群在二叠-三叠系界线划分中的地层意义.描述了15属24种(其中5新种)、5未定种.  相似文献   
3.
The basal clade Burnetiamorpha is known from only two specimens representing two genera, Proburnetia from the Severodvinskian horizon of the Vyatka River Basin in the Kotelnich district of Russia, and Burnetia from the Dicynodon Assemblage Zone of the Beaufort Group of South Africa. Both genera are of Late Tatarian (Late Permian) age. This paper describes the cranial morphology of a new genus of burnetiamorph, Bullacephalus , from the Late Permian Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of the Beaufort Group of South Africa. It is known from a relatively complete skull and lower jaw and is the best preserved burnetiamorph yet discovered. Apart from being the oldest member of the clade, Bullacephalus is also morphologically the least derived and provides new evidence on the phylogeny of this poorly understood group of basal therapsids.  相似文献   
4.
Living species of mammals, crocodiles and most species of birds exhibit parental care, but evidence of this behaviour is extremely rare in the fossil record. Here, we present a new specimen of varanopid 'pelycosaur' from the Middle Permian of South Africa. The specimen is an aggregation, consisting of five articulated individuals preserved in undisturbed, close, lifelike, dorsal-up, subparallel positions, indicating burial in 'life position'. Two size classes are represented. One is 50% larger than the others, is well ossified, has fused neurocentral sutures and is distinguished by a coat of dermal ossifications that covers the neck and shoulder regions. We regard this individual to be an adult. The remaining four skeletons are considered to be juveniles as they are approximately the same size, are poorly ossified, have open neurocentral sutures and lack dermal ossifications. Aggregates of juvenile amniotes are usually siblings. Extant analogues of adult and juvenile groupings suggest that the adult is one of the parents, leading us to regard the aggregation as a family group. The Late Middle Permian age of the varanopid family predates the previously known oldest fossil evidence of parental care in terrestrial vertebrates by 140 Myr.  相似文献   
5.
The cranial endocast of Pristerodon mackayi is described, which has been virtually reconstructed on the basis of neutron tomographic data. The gross anatomy of the cranial endocast of Pristerodon resembles other nonmammalian synapsids such as Thrinaxodon liorhinus in having a narrow, tubular forebrain, well developed olfactory bulbs, a large parietal foramen and unossified zone. As it is the case in cynodonts the hindbrain of Pristerodon is broader than the mid‐ and forebrain. Large paraflocculi are developed. The medulla oblongata can be well distinguished from the pons. The pons is divided by a median ridge into two portions. There is no evidence for a neocortex, which seems to be also reflected in the low encephalization quotient of 0.18 estimated according to the method of Eisenberg. J. Morphol. 276:1089–1099, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   
6.
A small brachiopod fauna is described from the carbonate rocks of the basal Shazipo Formation of the Baoshan Block, western Yunnan, south-west China, including significant new ventral and dorsal internal morphological features of Cryptospirifer omeishanensis Huang. This fauna is regarded as Wordian (Middle Guadalupian, Middle Permian) because of the presence of Cryptospirifer omeishanensis Huang and associated fusulinids ( Neoschwagerina craticulifera Zone). Palaeobiogeographically, the brachiopod fauna is of considerable interest because of its admixed nature characterized by typical warm-water Cathaysian elements intermingled with temperate Peri-Gondwanan taxa. This in turn is interpreted to indicate that the Baoshan Block may have been situated in an intermediate palaeogeographical position between Gondwanaland to the south and Cathaysia to the north during the Mid Permian and, as such, it probably furnished an important 'stepping stone' for the dispersal of Mid Permian eastern Tethyan marine invertebrate taxa (e.g. Cryptospirifer ) to the western Tethys.  相似文献   
7.
Coprolites (fossil feces) are important sources of evidence of ancient food webs and ecosystems. Actinomycetes are a fundamental component in the decay of organic matter, and serve as catalysts for nutrient cycles. Recently, gas vesicles filled with numerous verrucose colonies of substrate mycelium of an actinomycete were discovered inside a fossilized spiral amphipolar fish coprolite recovered from mid–Permian deposits of Brazil. These colonies are composed of masses of substrate hyphae, some of which are undergoing segmentation. Arising from the colonies are chains of spores separated by narrow, elongate connectives. The fossil actinomycete is described below as Palaeostromatus diairetus gen. et sp. nov. and represents the oldest known actinomycete associated with vertebrate deposits. Since the colonies occur only inside the coprolite, either Palaeostromatus diairetus gen. et sp. nov. was part of the gut flora or it was acquired from a food source. The only other remains in the coprolite are eighteen paleoniscoid fish scales, which suggests that the producer was a carnivorous/omnivorous fish. This is the oldest record of a direct interaction between vertebrates and actinomycetes.  相似文献   
8.
The Anticlinorium of Huayacocotla has several outcrops of geological and paleontological importance. However, reports of localities with paleoflora have been scarce so far. In this study, we report three new localities in the Cisuralian, the diversity and composition of which lead us to propose that the paleoflora may have been derived from vegetation that grew in an arid environment with seasonal wetness. The plant remains from the localities of Papaxtla and Calnali are highly transported and their diversity indicates the presence of several groups of plants that were shared with the La Virgen locality, which yielded the best preserved plant fossils. Changes in paleoenvironmental conditions indicate that the preservation of the flora was affected by the tectonic evolution of the region associated with sea level changes. The data presented here increase our knowledge of both the Cisuralian fossil flora and paleoenvironment in the south-central region of the Huayacocotla Anticlinorium, Hidalgo state.  相似文献   
9.
Carbonate and total organic carbon stable isotope analyses of the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic succession in the Masore section in western Slovenia indicate a high storage of organic matter during the Upper Permian, as well as the well known worldwide light carbon isotope event across the P/Tr boundary. The perturbations in the global carbon cycle observed in the investigated section span an approximately 50 cm thick interval (from –11 cm below to +41 cm above the lithostratigraphically determined P/Tr boundary), and coincide more or less with changes in lithology, as well as with an abrupt disappearance of Upper Permian marine fauna. In this section changes in the sedimentary environment are most probably related to Upper Permian—Lower Triassic sea level changes. The carbonate and organic carbon negative peak anomaly could be explained by accelerated changes in the end Permian carbon cycle, due to some co-occurring events, such as pronounced erosion and oxidation of organic carbon, a possible release of methane from stored hydrates, and volcanic activity, as well as by a sudden reduction in primary productivity triggered by not yet completely satisfactorily explained mechanisms.  相似文献   
10.
Carboniferous to Permian marine stromatolites are widely dispersed across the Pangaean margins and embayments and are typified by the ‘Ottonosia-grade stromatolite’ (designated herein). This stromatolite type consists of a well-laminated oncoid or domical stromatoid that developed into branching, laminated columns in the upper reaches. To develop a model for the global pattern, we investigated Lower Permian stromatolites from Kansas (Howe Limestone Member, Red Eagle Limestone). Stromatoids from the Lyon County locality typify the Ottonosia-grade stromatolites. The laminae are sharp throughout the stromatoid and are defined by an increase in cornuspirid foraminfera and algal filaments. The upper zone of the stromatoid is composed of well-laminated branching and brecciated columns (‘pseudo-thrombolitic’). Coeval stromatolites from a new exposure at the Tuttle Creek Dam spillway possess a more massive mesostructure. These stromatolites are composed of a turbinate stromatoid or oncoid base and an overlying domical stromatoid, and are rimmed by smaller meandering columns. Only the basal stromatoid, oncoids, and upper columns are well laminated. In both localities, the microbial-constructing ecosystem is dominated by cornuspirids and calcifying filamentous algae (?Girvanella). The mesostructural differences of the stromatolites are due to different environments of formation. The Tuttle Creek stromatolites formed in a shallow-subtidal to intertidal open marine setting. The coeval Lyon County stromatolites formed in a semi-restricted, marginal marine environment such as a lagoon or supratidal zone. Based on this information and independent sedimentological data, we conclude that lagoonal or supratidal zones were common features in the late Paleozoic intracratonal zones of the Pangaean supercontinent and account for Ottonosia-grade stromatolites occurring in the Laurentian mid-continent, the Zechstein Basin, Japan, Brazil, and Tunisia.  相似文献   
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