神经生物学分子角度研究的现状和展望

神经生物学分子角度研究的现状和展望邹冈（中国科学院上海药物研究所２０００３１）人脑是神经系统最高的组织形式,是最复杂的器官,是思维的物质基础。神经科学被称为科学的最前沿领域或最大的挑战,因此受到极大的重视并取得了重大进展。在这全面进展中,人们不难发现...     

研究基因表达的新方法—mRNA差别显示（DifferentialDisplay）：原理和应用

研究基因表达的新方法──ｍＲＮＡ差别显示（ＤｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌＤｉｓｐｌａｙ）：原理和应用何祖华,李德葆（浙江农业大学生物技术研究所杭州３１００２９）１原理和方法高等生物一般具有１０’个不同的基因,在单个细胞或个体中仅有约１５％的基因得到表达,产...     

赤子爱胜蚯蚓(Eisenia Foetida)纤溶酶的研究,Ⅳ纤溶酶组成成分的分子量测定

本文报告了用SephadexG—100柱层析法纯化样品和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定纤溶酶组成成分的分子量的研究结果。经柱层析分离的纤溶酶电泳测定分子量结果为11条带,分别为68,000、49,000、42,000、41,000、36,000、29,000、27,000、26,000、25,000、21,000和12,000。而纤溶酶的主要组分集中在21.000与42.000之间,为其活性组分。     

云南省2006～2010年非脊灰肠道病毒分子流行病学特征分析

为了解云南省非脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)肠道病毒(NPEV)的基因型分布及分子进化特征,对2006～2010年间从急性迟缓性麻痹(AFP)病例中分离到的105株NPEVs进行VP1区部分核苷酸扩增和序列测定。所获得的云南地方株基因序列与各基因型原型株进行核苷酸与氨基酸同源性比较,并与GenBank中选取的代表株构建基因进化关系树。结果分析显示:105株NPEVs分别属于HEV-A、HEV-B、HEV-C,其中HEV-A 18株(7个血清型)所占比例为17.1%;HEV-B 77株(22个血清型)所占比例为73.3%,表明云南省AFP病例中流行的NPEV还是以HEV-B为主;HEV-C 10株(4个血清型)所占比例为9.5%;没有分离到HEV-D组肠道病毒;基因进化树中各种血清型病毒与对应原型株及代表株聚集一起,除CA2、EV90和EV76外,云南地方株与原型株位于不同分支。相同型别的毒株在5年的流行过程中变异程度亦不同,亲缘关系远近不一,表明这些病毒在云南省存在不同的传播链。     

Calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase OsCIPK23 functions in pollination and drought stress responses in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

Droughtis very harmful to grain yield due to its adverse effect on reproduction,especially on pollination proeess in rice.However,the molecular basis of such an effect still remains largely unknown.Here,wereport the role of amember of CBL(Calcineurin B-Like)Interacting Protein Kinase(CIPK)family,OsCIPK23,in pollination and stress responses in dee.Molecular analyses revealed that it is mainly expressed in pistil and anther but up-regulated by pollination,as well as by treatments of various abiotic stresses and phytohormones.RNA interference-mediated suppression of OsCIPK23 expression significantly reduced seed set and conferred a hypersensitive response to drought stress,indicating its possible roles in pollination and drought stress.In consistent,overexpression of OsCIPK23 induced the expression of seVeral drought tolerance related genes.Taken together,these results indicate that OsCIPK23 is a multistress induced gene and likely mediatesa signaling pathway commonly shared by both pollination and drought stress responses in rice.     

U7 snRNAs： A Computational Survey

U7 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) sequences have been described only for a handful of animal species in the past. Here we describe a computational search for func- tional U7 snRNA genes throughout vertebrates including the upstream sequence elements characteristic for snRNAs transcribed by polymerase Ⅱ. Based on the results of this search, we discuss the high variability of U7 snRNAs in both se- quence and structure, and report on an attempt to find U7 snRNA sequences in basal deuterostomes and non-drosophilids insect genomes based on a combination of sequence, structure, and promoter features. Due to the extremely short se- quence and the high variability in both sequence and structure, no unambiguous candidates were found. These results cast doubt on putative U7 homologs in even more distant organisms that are reported in the most recent release of the Rfam database.     

蚜虫的分子系统学研究概况

蚜虫是一类重要经济昆虫,大多是经济植物害虫,但有些是重要的资源昆虫,如五倍子蚜,由于其体小、生活周期复杂、有多态现象及生物型的分化,故仅依靠形态特征常难以区分近缘种类,更不用说种下生物型的区分。从70年代以来,生化和分子生物学方法被广泛地用于蚜虫的系统学研究,本文对采用过的蚜虫分子系统学方法、研究过的蚜虫种类、研究内容和主要结果进行了综述。1蚜虫分子系统学的研究方法纵观蚜虫分子系统学的研究史,可以分成前后两个阶段。从对年代后期到80年代后期的10余年间,以酶蛋白的电泳分析为主,从80年代后期以来,则以核…     

载脂蛋白多基因家族分子进化的研究

与脂质运输有关的载脂蛋白基因构成一个复杂的多基因家族。为探讨这种演化时间长的基因家族的进化规律,本文首先建立了一种在非均衡进化速率条件下计算系统发生树中任意分支长度的简易方法,并可在此基础上算出无根分支系统树中分歧年代的期望值。进一步对本文科１０个种属共２６种载脂蛋白的系统演作作了实际分析,结果提示：①ＡｐｏＡ－Ｉ＇ＡｐｏＡ－ＩＶ,ＡｐｏＥ及ＡｐｏＡ－ＩＩ的共同祖先可能在奥陶纪水生脊椎动物中就已存     

Molecular cloning and functional analysis of ESGP, an embryonic stem cell and germ cell specific protein

Several putative Oct-4 downstream genes from mouse embryonic stem （ES） cells have been identified using the suppression-subtractive hybridization method. In this study, one of the novel genes encoding an ES cell and germ cell specific protein （ESGP） was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. ESGP contains 801 bp encoding an 84 amino acid small protein and has no significant homology to any known genes. There is a signal peptide at the N-terminal of ESGP protein as predicted by SeqWeb （GCG） （SeqWeb version 2 ttp：//gcg.biosino.org：8080/）. The result of immunofluorescence assay suggested that ESGP might encode a secretory protein. The expression pattern of ESGP is consistent with the expression of Oct-4 during embryonic development. ESGP protein was detected in fertilized oocyte, from 3.5 day postcoital （dpc） blastocyst to 17.5 dpc embryo, and was only detected in testis and ovary tissues in adult. In vitro, ESGP was only expressed in pluripotent cell lines, such as embryonic stem cells, embryonic carcinoma cells and embryonic germ cells, but not in their differentiated progenies. Despite its specific expression, forced expression of ESGP is not indispensable for the effect of Oct-4 on ES cell self-renewal, and does not affect the differentiation to three germ layers.     

多年生植物韧皮部发育的季节变化和筛分子寿命

近几十年来,韧皮部的解剖学和细胞学研究有了很大的进展。在韧皮部的发育、季节变化和筛分子寿命等方面也积累了不少资料。研究韧皮部发育的季节变化可为了解植物生长发育规律提供资料,同时也是研究外界因素对植物生长发育的影响所必需的。筛分子寿命更是研究运输生理的学者所特别关注的问题。研究韧皮部发育的季节变化和确定筛分子寿命通常运用周年采样、常规解剖学制片的方