太阳能灭虫器对吐鲁番葡萄产区害虫的诱捕效果及对天敌安全性评价

本文研究了FWS-DBL-1新型太阳能灭虫器在320～580、360、400、460和520 nm 5种不同波长下对吐鲁番葡萄产区害虫的诱捕效果及对天敌安全性。结果表明:在5种波长下,灭虫器诱捕昆虫的种类相似,以鞘翅目、鳞翅目、半翅目、脉翅目、双翅目、直翅目和膜翅目等为主。诱捕的主要昆虫是蜉金龟Aphodius sp.、白云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla alba vicaria Semenov、额喙丽金龟Adoretus nigriforns Steven、毛喙丽金龟Adoretus hirsutus Ohaus、绣罗夜蛾Leucanitis picta Christoph和淘赏夜蛾Catocala puerpera Giorna等。其中:灭虫器在400 nm波长下的诱捕量最多,其次是320～580 nm和360 nm波长。综合分析比较:400 nm波长对鞘翅目害虫的诱捕效果最好,360 nm波长对鳞翅目和双翅目害虫的诱捕能力最强,520 nm波长对半翅目害虫的诱捕效果最好。对天敌的安全性研究表明:FWS-DBL-1太阳能灭虫器对天敌有一定的诱捕作用,益害比为1∶4～1∶5。诱捕量较多的是步甲科和草蛉科的天敌,占天敌总诱捕量的85.82%。在这5个波长中,360 nm波长下,灭虫器对天敌的诱捕作用最小,对天敌的安全性相对较高。     

消除“佩特森的诅咒”

澳大利亚有一种美丽的紫色小野花,在春夏之交,澳洲的青山绿野都会披上一层紫色的花毯,看上去非常眩目。这种外来的紫色小花有好几个名字。牧民认为这种紫花吞噬着牧草,毒害着牲畜,因此把它称作“Paterson's Curse”——“佩特森的诅咒”。可是养蜂人却因为这种     

The fatty acid compositions of predator Piocoris luridus （Heteroptera： Lygaeidae） and its host Monosteria unicostata （Heteroptera： Tingidae） reared on almond

The changes in fatty acid compositions during nutritional interaction among almond Amygdalus communis Linnaeus （Rosales： Rosaceae） （host plant）, lacebug Monosteria unicostata （Mulsant and Rey） （Heteroptera： Tingidae） and its predator Piocoris luridus Fieber （Heteroptera： Lygaeidae） were determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. The fatty acid profiles of phospholipids and triacylglycerols were substantially different. Unlike the general observations for virtually most terrestrial insects, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids were detected in high proportions of phospholipid fractions in both insects, especially in P. luridus. Also the almond tissues provide very little oleic acid to the herbivore diet, yet both insect species developed high proportions of this component. Our data reveals instances of specific accumulation of fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation/desaturation, and not incorporating selected fatty acids into cellular lipids.     

蚂蚁在同翅目害虫综合治理中的应用前景

<正> 同翅目昆虫很多是熟知的主要经济作物的重要害虫和多种病害的传播媒介。蚂蚁则与同翅目昆虫及植物间有着极其密切的依存和制约关系,使得各种群间保持着极高的稳定性。这样,我们可以通过控制蚂蚁群体,在干扰种群间的相对平衡基础上,间接地达到控制同翅目害虫的目的。这在同翅目害虫综合治理中将蕴藏着极大的潜力。事实上,早在公元300年左右,我国就有用控制蚂蚁群体来治理热带园艺作物     

进口原木中截获的刺角沟额天牛的研究

<正> 刺角沟额天牛Hoplocerambyx spinicornis(Newman)是多次在海口口岸从马来西亚进口的梢原木中截获的1种我国尚未发现有分布的危险性林木害虫。在印度它被列为“最危险的森林害虫”。与我毗邻各国大多有此虫分布,日本在进口原木中也将该虫传入本土。为此,各口岸动植物检疫所对从东洋区进口的木材应重视该虫的检疫。我们从1985～1990年对该虫的成、幼虫形态特征、寄主植物、为害情况等进行了研究,并用检疫中截获的初龄幼虫     

吃货的秘密

正端午节,有人为\"粽子该是甜的还是咸的\"争论不休;中秋节,大家纷纷为各种馅儿的月饼投票;春节必然是吃货最期待的节日,大餐、小吃、零食足可以让你不停嘴地嚼上一个假期。近年来,\"吃货\"这个群体数量增长十分可观,其势头宛如入侵物种,遍地发芽。科学界也不能免俗。真的有科学家在研究\"吃货\"哦!确切地说,他们研究的并非\"吃货\"这一分类不明确,且不靠谱的\"物种\",而是为什么人类会如此热爱美食,且口味偏好如此多样。研究\"吃\"的科学论文的数量就很说明     

A large-scale gene discovery for the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus （Coleoptera： Curculionidae）

The red palm weevil （RPW; Rhynchophorusferrugineus） is a devastating pest of palms, prevalent in the Middle East as well as many other regions of the world. Here, we report a large-scale de novo complementary DNA （cDNA） sequencing effort that acquired ~5 million reads and assembled them into 26 765 contigs from 12 libraries made from samples of different RPW developmental stages based on the Roche/454 GS FLX platform. We annotated these contigs based on the publically available known insect genes and the Tribolium castaneum genome assembly. We find that over 80% of coding sequences （CDS） from the RPW contigs have high-identity homologs to known proteins with complete CDS. Gene expression analysis shows that the pupa and larval stages have the highest and lowest expression levels, respectively. In addition, we also identified more than 60 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 1 200 simple sequence repeat markers. This study provides the first large-scale eDNA dataset for RPW, a much-needed resource for future molecular studies.