大鼠胰腺γ-氨基丁酸免疫组织化学定位

本文用ABC—GDN免疫组织化学方法,研究了γ-氨基丁酸(Gamma—Aminobutyric Acid,GABA)在大鼠胰腺的定位和分布,并用相邻切片法,观察它与胰岛素的共存关系。结果发现GABA免疫反应阳性细胞主要分布于胰腺内分泌部(胰岛)。在外分泌部亦有少许分布。大部分胰岛细胞呈GABA免疫反应阳性,集中位于胰岛的中央部。相邻连续切片免疫染色证实GABA与胰岛素共存于胰岛B细胞中。外分泌部胰腺GABA免疫反应阳性细胞,呈零散分布于腺泡和导管上皮间。本文为进一步探讨GABA在胰腺的生理作用提供了形态学依据。     

A study on floral biology of seedlings in vitro in Orychophragmus violaceus: Induction of flowers in seedlings of O. violaceus cultured in vitro

Seedlings of O. violaceus were cultured on MS media and treated at low temperature. Cold treatment at 5–7 °C for more than 7 days was needed for flower induction of seedlings in vitro originated from germinated seeds. When cultured on MS media supplemented with 2.5 mg l⁻¹ zeatin and 2 mg l⁻¹ gibberellin (GA₃), seedlings in vitro did initiate flowers without cold treatment. When MS media was used with a reduced amount of NH₄NO₃, flower induction of seedlings in vitro could be accelerated. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小分子热激蛋白基因HaHSP19.8在棉铃虫抗逆反应中的作用

【目的】小分子热激蛋白(small heat shock protein, sHSP)在昆虫抵御外界环境压力中至关重要。本研究旨在探究小分子热激蛋白sHSP19.8基因在棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera生长发育、抵御高温胁迫和对Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白抗性机制中的作用,为更深入探析该基因作用机理及棉铃虫的防治奠定基础。【方法】通过PCR结合RACE克隆棉铃虫sHSP19.8基因序列,利用生物信息学软件对该基因序列进行分析;通过qRT-PCR测定Cry1Ac敏感棉铃虫5龄幼虫在40℃高温下处理1 h和2 h及饲喂含30 μg/mL Cry1Ac的人工饲料1 h和2 h后该基因的表达量,并测定抗感Cry1Ac棉铃虫不同发育阶段(1-5龄幼虫、蛹及成虫)和5龄幼虫不同组织(前肠、中肠、后肠、马氏管及表皮)中该基因的表达模式。【结果】获得了棉铃虫sHSP19.8基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为HaHSP19.8(GenBank登录号: XP_021195228.1),长608 bp,开放阅读框长528 bp,编码175个氨基酸残基,具有小分子热激蛋白的典型α-晶体结构域(α-crystallin domain, ACD)。该基因受40℃高温和30 μg/mL Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白诱导时在Cry1Ac敏感棉铃虫5龄幼虫中均过量表达;在Cry1Ac敏感棉铃虫整个发育阶段和5龄幼虫各组织中均表达,其中在成虫和5龄幼虫以及5龄幼虫表皮、马氏管和中肠内表达量较高;但是该基因在Cry1Ac抗性品系各个发育阶段和5龄幼虫各组织中表达量相比敏感品系都显著较低。【结论】结果说明HaHSP19.8参与棉铃虫生长发育和生理生化的过程,帮助昆虫抵御外界环境压力,并可能参与到棉铃虫对Cry1Ac的抗性机制中。     

Arginine kinase: Differentiation of gene expression and protein activity in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta

Arginine kinase (AK), a primary enzyme in cell metabolism and adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-consuming processes, plays an important role in cellular energy metabolism and maintaining constant ATP levels in invertebrate cells. In order to identify genes that are differentially expressed between larvae and adults, queens and workers, and female alates (winged) and queens (wingless), AK cDNA was obtained from the red imported fire ant. The cDNA sequence of the gene has open reading frames of 1065 nucleotides, encoding a protein of 355 amino acid residues that includes the substrate recognition region, the signature sequence pattern of ATP:guanidino kinases, and an “actinin-type” actin binding domain. Northern blot analysis and protein activity analysis demonstrated that the expression of the AK gene and its protein activity were developmentally, caste specifically, and tissue specifically regulated in red imported fire ants with a descending order of worker> alate (winged adult) female> alate (winged adult) male> larvae> worker pupae ≈ alate pupae. These results suggest a different demand for energy-consumption and production in the different castes of the red imported fire ant, which may be linked to their different missions and physiological activities in the colonies. The highest level of the AK gene expression and activity was identified in head tissue of both female alates and workers and thorax tissue of workers, followed by thorax tissue of female alates and abdomen tissue of male alates, suggesting the main tissues or cells in these body parts, such as brain, neurons and muscles, which have been identified as the major tissues and/or cells that display high and variable rates of energy turnover in other organisms, play a key role in energy production and its utilization in the fire ant. In contrast, in the male alate, the highest AK expression and activity were found in the abdomen, suggesting that here energy demand may relate to sperm formation and reproduction.     

Common denominators in the etiology and pathology of visceral lesions of cystic fibrosis and Keshan disease

The common denominator of a unique disseminated multi-focal milliary myocardial hyaline necrosis and fibrosis in Keshan disease (KSD) and cystic fibrosis (CF) and a commonality of the affected age groups of fetuses and preschool children led to the review of existing KSD autopsy material to search for pancreatic and hepatic lesions considered pathognomonic for CF. Pancreatic lesions considered pathognomonic for CF were found in 595, or 35% of 1700 documented cases of KSD. The pancreatic lesions were limited to tissues of fetuses and preschool children. Adults dying of KSD had diagnostic lesions limited to the cardiovascular system, liver, and skeletal muscle. Varying degrees of focal biliary cirrhosis were identified in 850, or 50% of the KSD autopsies, and 85, or 5% developed severe lobular cirrhosis. The common denominator in CF and KSD appears to be a primary or induced secondary selenium deficiency in age-susceptable humans, prenatally at or around 22 wk of fetal life, during early postnatal life, or during the rapid-growth preschool years. The basic difference between the natural history of CF and KSD is that the selenium deficiency is totally environmental in KSD and appears to be the result of a maternal malabsorptive syndrome or an abnormality of selenium transfer in CF.     

基于定量蛋白质组学的NT-89抗白念珠菌作用机制研究

目的利用定量蛋白质组学iTRAQ技术,分析抗真菌化合物NT-89作用后白念珠菌蛋白质组的含量变化。方法提取NT-89作用前后的白念珠菌总蛋白与细胞壁蛋白,利用iTRAQ技术检测蛋白提取物中蛋白质的相对丰度,寻找药物作用前后的差异蛋白,并利用GO数据库注释蛋白质功能分类。结果总蛋白(TP)提取物中检测出295种差异蛋白,其中的Ywp1p、Pga10p在总蛋白中含量下调最为显著。细胞壁蛋白(CWP)提取物中有6种GPI锚定蛋白含量显著降低。结论 NT-89影响了白念珠菌细胞壁的结构完整与功能,iTRAQ技术能够为药物的作用机制研究提供有效参考信息。     

Inhibition of free radical-induced peroxidation of rat liver microsomes by resveratrol and its analogues

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trans-trihydroxystilbene) is a natural phytoalexin present in grapes and red wine, which possesses a variety of biological activities including antioxidative activity. To find more efficient antioxidants by structural modification, resveratrol analogues, that is, 3,4-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene (3,4-DHS), 4,4'-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene (4,4'-DHS), 4-hydroxy-trans-stilbene (4-HS) and 3,5-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene (3,5-DHS), were synthesized and their antioxidant activity studied for the free radical-induced peroxidation of rat liver microsomes in vitro. The peroxidation was initiated by either a water-soluble azo compound 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH) or Fe(2+)/ascorbate, and monitored by oxygen uptake and formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). It was found that all of these trans-stilbene derivatives are effective antioxidants against both AAPH- and iron-induced peroxidation of rat liver microsomes with an activity sequence of 3,4-DHS>4,4'-DHS>resveratrol>4-HS>3,5-DHS. The remarkably higher antioxidant activity of 3,4-DHS is discussed.     

黔北棘蝇属二新种一新亚种（双翅目：蝇科）

新(亚)种的模式标本除标明者外均存作者所在单位。1.贵州棘蝇Phaonia guizhouensis Wei,新种(图1) 雄:体长6mm。眼具淡黄色密长毛。额宽至少等于触角第三节宽。间额黑灰,约为一侧额的5倍宽。侧额狭,粉被暗银灰色。额鬃上达单眼瘤前,仅前方的3对发达,后大半细如眼毛。侧颜黑,下侧颜暗红,粉被银灰;侧颜至少如触角第三节宽之半。触角黑,第三节约为第二节的2倍长。芒短羽状,最长芒毛约为触角宽之半。颊蓝黑,粉被灰褐,前上缘具一列上弯的鬃;颊约如眼高的2/7。口上片突出于额前缘。中颜板