Applying indicators of disturbance from plant ecology to vertebrates: The hemeroby of bird species

In plant ecology, hemeroby is a widely used indicator reflecting the anthropogenic disturbance level of a habitat. It is scaled on a range of point scores, higher scores of hemeroby meaning higher level of disturbance. In this study two indicators of sensitivity to disturbance based on the habitat preferences of bird species were used: HS (mean hemeroby score), calculated on the habitat types where each species occurs, and HH (mean hemerobiotic habitat diversity), indicating the level of a species generalism with respect to the range of disturbance levels characterizing the habitat where it occurs. Although already known in plant ecology, HS, so far, has never been applied to a group of vertebrates, while HH is a newly proposed index based on Shannon diversity. Both indexes are based on species position and range, along a gradient of disturbance, from pristine to completely man-made habitats. Drawing from a recently published atlas of bird species, it was possible to calculate the ecological preferences for a large number of habitat types in 75 common breeding bird species found in Latium (Central Italy). For each habitat, the average level of disturbance (based on hemeroby) within a 5-point scale was assessed. From the occurrences of birds in each habitat, HS (averaged disturbance calculated on the habitat types where each species occurs) and HH (the level of a species generalism with respect to the range of disturbance levels characterizing the habitats where it occurs) were calculated. The distribution of bird species number along the gradient showed a pattern of intermediate disturbance. Two different trends were found when analyzing the relationship between HS and HH: (i) a hump-shaped curve peaking at intermediate levels of HS, suggesting that generalism (HH) is maximum at intermediate levels of disturbance, and (ii) a second linear relationship pointing to a decrease of HH with increasing HS for a sub-set of synanthropic species (i.e., species linked to man-made habitats). The latter developed a further arm on the right of the hump-shaped curve: synanthropic species occurred only at higher levels of disturbance, and showed an increasing specialization with increasing levels of disturbance. Such a distribution was confirmed by analysing other data sets obtained from a real case study: the fraction of species with low values of HS sharply decreased from forest to urban habitats, while the fraction with high values increased; species with mid values of HS showed a maximum in crop-lands. HS and HH indexes are promising tools both in theoretical study and in practice, e.g. in management and monitoring of vertebrate communities.     

副神经切断联合远端毁损术治疗痉挛性斜颈的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨副神经切断联合远端毁损术治疗痉挛性斜颈的临床疗效。方法:选择2011年1月至2014年1月我院采用两种手术方法治疗的痉挛性斜颈患者100例,其中单纯副神经切断组30例,副神经切断+神经远端毁损组70例。所有患者术前、术后2周、术后3月、术后6月均行Tsui评分评估治疗疗效,同时术后观察是否出现吞咽困难、呼吸困难及发音障碍等严重并发症。结果:单纯副神经切断组患者术前Tsui评分平均为(22.14±2.19),术后2周为(15.23±1.28),手术前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。副神经切断+神经远端毁损组患者术前Tsui评分平均为(23.09±1.23),术后2周为(8.23±0.98),手术前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。单纯副神经切断组术后3月和术后6月的Tsui评分分别为(13.03±1.11)和(11.34±1.02),副神经切断+神经远端毁损组Tsui评分分别为(6.09±0.25)和(4.41±0.29),组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后副神经切断+神经远端毁损组出现1例切口感染的患者,予以相应处理后好转,均为出现吞咽困难、呼吸困难及发音障碍等严重并发症,两组患者术后并发症的比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:副神经切断联合远端毁损术治疗痉挛性斜颈疗效较单纯副神经切断术好,术后并发症少,安全性高。     

Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine CCL2, IL8, CCR2 and IL8RA genes and their association with health and production in Canadian Holsteins

The aim of this study was to identify the presence of SNPs in the chemokine genes CCL2 and IL8 and the chemokine receptor genes IL8RA and CCR2, and assess their potential contribution to variation in estimated breeding values (EBVs) for somatic cell score (SCS) and four other traits in Canadian Holstein bulls. Pools of DNA for bulls with high (H) and low (L) EBVs for SCS were used for identification of 11 SNPs. Two unreported SNPs were found in the CCL2 gene and one SNP was found in the CCR2 gene. Previously reported SNPs (three in the IL8 gene and five in the IL8RA chemokine receptor) were also identified. Two SNPs in CCL2, three in IL8, one in IL8RA and one in CCR2 were genotyped in Canadian Holstein bulls (n = 338) using tetra primer ARMS-PCR. We investigated associations of these seven polymorphisms with three production traits (milk yield, fat yield and protein yield) and one conformation trait related to mastitis (udder depth). The allele substitution effect for the CCL2 rs41255713:T>C SNP was significant at an experimental-wise level for milk yield (247.5 +/- 79.9 kg) and protein yield (7.4 +/- 2.3 kg) EBVs (P T SNP on SCS was significant at the comparison-wise level (-0.04 +/- 0.02, P = 0.05), which might indicate a possible association in support of other published studies. Lastly, we assigned CCR2 to BTA22q24, where a previously QTL for SCS was identified.     

A glycolysis-based ten-gene signature correlates with the clinical outcome,molecular subtype and IDH1 mutation in glioblastoma

Reprogrammed metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. Glioblastoma (GBM) tumor cells predominantly utilize aerobic glycolysis for the biogenesis of energy and intermediate nutrients. However, in GBM, the clinical significance of glycolysis and its underlying relations with the molecular features such as IDH1 mutation and subtype have not been elucidated yet. Herein, based on glioma datasets including TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), REMBRANDT (Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data) and GSE16011, we established a glycolytic gene expression signature score (GGESS) by incorporating ten glycolytic genes. Then we performed survival analyses and investigated the correlations between GGESS and IDH1 mutation as well as the molecular subtypes in GBMs. The results showed that GGESS independently predicted unfavorable prognosis and poor response to chemotherapy of GBM patients. Notably, GGESS was high in GBMs of mesenchymal subtype but low in IDH1-mutant GBMs. Furthermore, we found that the promoter regions of tumor-promoting glycolytic genes were hypermethylated in IDH1-mutant GBMs. Finally, we found that high GGESS also predicted poor prognosis and poor response to chemotherapy when investigating IDH1-wildtype GBM patients only. Collectively, glycolysis represented by GGESS predicts unfavorable clinical outcome of GBM patients and is closely associated with mesenchymal subtype and IDH1 mutation in GBMs.     

Identification of a SLC19A2 nonsense mutation in Persian families with thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia

Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA) is an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by early-onset anemia, diabetes, and hearing loss caused by mutations in the SLC19A2 gene. We studied the genetic cause and clinical features of this condition in patients from the Persian population. A clinical and molecular investigation was performed in four patients from three families and their healthy family members. All had the typical diagnostic criteria. The onset of hearing loss in three patients was at birth and one patient also had a stroke and seizure disorder. Thiamine treatment effectively corrected the anemia in all of our patients but did not prevent hearing loss. Diabetes was improved in one patient who presented at the age of 8 months with anemia and diabetes after 2 months of starting thiamine. The coding regions of SLC19A2 were sequenced in all patients. The identified mutation was tested in all members of the families. Molecular analyses identified a homozygous nonsense mutation c.697C > T (p.Gln233*) as the cause of the disease in all families. This mutation was previously reported in a Turkish patient with TRMA and is likely to be a founder mutation in the Persian population.     

枸地氯雷他定联合鼻窦内窥镜手术对慢性鼻窦炎患者临床症状和炎性反应的作用研究

目的:探讨枸地氯雷他定联合鼻窦内窥镜手术对慢性鼻窦炎患者临床症状和炎性反应的影响。方法:选取我院2017年3月-2018年7月收治的116例慢性鼻窦炎患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为传统组和联合组,每组各58例,传统组患者给予鼻窦内窥镜手术治疗,联合组在鼻窦内窥镜手术基础上联合使用枸地氯雷他定进行治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效、症状视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、鼻黏液纤毛清除功能、炎性因子水平及不良反应发生情况。结果:联合组患者治疗总有效率高于传统组,且联合组治疗后头痛、鼻塞、面部疼痛、嗅觉障碍的VAS评分均低于传统组(P0.05)。治疗后两组清除率、清除速度均大于治疗前,清除时间短于治疗前(P0.05);与传统组相比,治疗后联合组清除率、清除速度升高,清除时间缩短(P0.05)。治疗后两组肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-5(IL-5)、白细胞介素-12(IL-12)及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平均低于治疗前,且联合组低于传统组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在鼻窦内窥镜手术治疗基础上联合使用枸地氯雷他定治疗慢性鼻窦炎患者疗效确切,有效减轻炎性反应,缓解患者临床症状。     

小儿危重病例评分联合脑脊液降钙素原、白细胞介素-6对重症病毒性脑炎患儿预后不良发生风险预测作用的初步研究

摘要 目的：探讨小儿危重病例评分（PCIS）联合脑脊液降钙素原（PCT）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）对重症病毒性脑炎（SVE）患儿预后不良的预测价值。方法：回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年12月我院收治的104例SVE患儿的临床病历资料,根据儿童格拉斯哥预后量表（CGOS）将患儿分为预后不良组（CGOS评级1~4级,n=39）和预后良好组（CGOS评级5级,n=65）。采用PCIS对患儿病情严重程度进行评估,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测患儿脑脊液PCT和IL-6水平。采用多因素logistic回归分析SVE患儿预后不良的影响因素,绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估PCIS联合脑脊液PCT及IL-6对预后不良的预测价值。结果：预后不良组意识障碍、惊厥、合并脏器损伤发生率、脑脊液白细胞计数、PCT、IL-6水平高于预后良好组（P<0.05）,视频脑电图（VEEG）重度异常构成比大于预后良好组（P<0.05）,预后不良组PCIS评分低于预后良好组（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：合并脏器损伤、VEEG重度异常、脑脊液白细胞计数（较高）、PCT（较高）和IL-6水平（较高）是SVE患儿预后不良的危险因素（OR=1.449、3.732、1.355、1.483、1.388,P<0.05）,PCIS评分（较高）是SVE患儿预后不良的保护因素（OR=0.769,P<0.05）。PCIS评分、脑脊液PCT和IL-6预测预后不良的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.869,灵敏度、特异性分别为0.85、0.78,均高于单一指标检测。结论：PCIS、脑脊液PCT及IL-6均是SVE患儿预后的影响因素,联合检测有助于预测患儿预后不良发生风险,从而指导临床制定针对性诊疗方案以改善患儿预后。     

结直肠漏评分联合中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值对直肠癌Dixon术后吻合口漏的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：研究结直肠漏评分（CLS）联合中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值（CAR）对直肠癌低位前切除（Dixon）术后吻合口漏的预测价值。方法：选取2020年4月-2022年3月于贵州医科大学附属医院行直肠癌Dixon手术的260例患者,根据术后吻合口漏发生情况分为吻合口漏组与无吻合口漏组。收集患者临床资料,术后评估两组CLS评分,术后第1、3 d检测中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞计数、C反应蛋白和白蛋白,计算NLR、CAR;采用Logistics回归分析术后吻合口漏的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析CLS、NLR、CAR对吻合口漏的预测价值。结果：260例患者术后发生20例吻合口漏,发生率为7.69%。吻合口漏组CLS评分高于无吻合口漏组（P＜0.05）;术后第1 d两组NLR、CAR比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,术后第3 d吻合口漏组NLR、CAR高于无吻合口漏组（P＜0.05）。两组吻合口至肛缘距离、糖尿病史、术前低蛋白血症、术前肠梗阻占比比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistics回归分析显示,吻合口距肛缘距离、糖尿病史、术前低蛋白血症、术前肠梗阻、CLS、NLR、CAR是患者术后发生吻合口漏的影响因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,CLS的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.851,NLR的AUC为0.861,CAR的AUC为0.859,三者联合的AUC为0.945,高于单独检测。结论：Dixon术后发生吻合口漏患者CLS评分、NLR和CAR升高,CLS评分联合NLR、CAR可有效预测直肠癌Dixon术后吻合口漏发生风险,可作为评估吻合口漏的辅助指标,以降低术后吻合口漏的发生率。     

基于控制营养状况评分的2型糖尿病住院患者营养状况评价及其危险因素的多因素Logistic回归分析

摘要 目的：应用控制营养状况（CONUT）评分评价2型糖尿病（T2DM）住院患者营养状况并通过多因素Logistic回归分析营养不良的危险因素。方法：选取2021年1月～2022年1月在我院住院的454例T2DM患者,根据CONUT评分分为营养不良组68例和营养正常组386例。收集患者基线资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析T2DM住院患者营养不良的危险因素。结果：454例T2DM住院患者营养不良发生率为14.98％（68/454）。单因素分析显示,两组患者糖化血红蛋白A1c（HbA1c）、年龄、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、体质指数（BMI）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、病程、淋巴细胞计数、吸烟、血红蛋白、白蛋白、餐后2 h血糖比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,白蛋白降低、年龄≥60岁、血红蛋白降低、BMI降低、HDL-C降低、病程延长、吸烟、CRP升高为T2DM住院患者营养不良的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：T2DM住院患者营养不良发生率较高,年龄、BMI、病程、吸烟、白蛋白、血红蛋白、HDL-C、CRP为T2DM住院患者营养不良的独立影响因素,CONUT评分能快速筛查T2DM住院患者营养状况,有助于指导临床及时采取干预措施。     

快速序贯器官衰竭评分联合血清同型半胱氨酸、三酰甘油对急性胰腺炎短期预后的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：探讨快速序贯器官衰竭评分（qSOFA）联合血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、三酰甘油（TG）对急性胰腺炎（AP）短期预后的预测价值。方法：选取2019年9月至2021年9月苏州大学附属第一医院消化科收治的210例AP患者为研究对象,根据亚特兰大AP分类指南分为轻症AP（MAP组）125例,中重症AP（MSAP组）45例和重症AP（SAP组）40例。对比三组的qSOFA评分和Hcy、TG水平。根据入院后28d预后结局,将所有患者分为存活组192例、死亡组18例。单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析AP患者预后的影响因素。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析qSOFA评分、Hcy和TG对AP患者短期预后的预测价值。结果：SAP组和MSAP组患者的qSOFA评分、Hcy、TG水平均高于MAP组患者,且SAP组高于MSAP组（P＜0.05）;单因素、多因素Logistic回归最终分析结果显示,qSOFA评分较高、TG、Hcy水平升高是AP患者死亡的危险因素（P＜0.05）;qSOFA评分联合Hcy、TG预测AP患者短期预后的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.982,明显高于三指标单独检测的0.715、0.780、0.782。结论：qSOFA评分、TG、Hcy水平均是AP患者短期预后的影响因素,并且联合检测qSOFA评分和Hcy、TG水平对AP患者的短期预后具有较高的预测价值。