Microcloning of maize chromosome 9 by using a flow-sorting technique

We constructed a chromosome 9 lambda DNA library from flow-sorted maize chromosomes. Approximately 3 million maize chromosome 9 were collected with high purity by flow cytometric sorting of chromosomes isolated from an oat-maize chromosome 9 addition line based on the cytogram of fluorescent pulse area versus fluorescent pulse width. Chromosome 9 DNA was partially digested withBamH I, dephosphorylated, and ligated with arms ofBamH I-digested lambda DASH vector (Stratagene). A total of 2.0×10⁶ independent recombinants with an average insert size of 15 kb were obtained. For a 99% probability that every sequence of chromosome 9 is represented in at least one chimeric phage, 5.6×10⁴ cloned fragments are needed. This library covers the entire maize chromosome 9. Hybridizing cloned fragments with labeled maize genomic DNA showed that the high, middle, or low copy number DNA sequences presented in the different phage clones. This individual chromosome library is useful in plant genome mapping and gene isolation.     

水稻早世代稳定718群体的获得及分析

水稻早世代稳定现象是近年来发现的一种特殊现象,其中多个早世代稳定群体是在利用来自水稻双胚苗中的多倍体与不同二倍体材料杂交得到的。本实验利用一自然突变的多倍体,与二倍体水稻太平369杂交,F_1代大部分为非整倍体,其中5株为二倍体,收取这5株二倍体上的种子,种下得到 F_2群体且定名为718群体。该群体田间观察整齐一致,经过对田间调查数据和微卫星结果的分析,表明该群体为一早世代稳定群体。     

香菇顺式调控元件的克隆及其序列分析*

应用顺式调控元件探测载体G221构建了一个香菇Lentinula edodes基因组文库。G221为大肠杆菌-酿酒酵母穿梭载体,含有一个由酵母Cyc1基因基本启动子控制的lacZ标记基因,能以转录增强活性筛选香菇DNA片段。用这个基因组文库转化酵母菌,获得了一批lacZ阳性转化子。对其中表达较强的阳性转化子进行质粒抽提和双酶切鉴定,筛选到50个香菇顺式调控元件DNA片段。对其中部分片段进行了测序,并对其中一个序列进行了序列分析,鉴别了该序列上的几个与转录相关的特征序列。该研究也探讨了利用酵母表达系统克隆香菇顺式调控元件的可行性。     

凋亡蛋白和Nmi的相互作用及作用位点的筛选鉴定

为研究来源于鸡贫血病毒的小分子蛋白质———凋亡蛋白 (apoptin)诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的分子机制 ,利用酵母双杂交系统从人白细胞cDNA文库筛选凋亡蛋白相互作用蛋白质 ,核苷酸序列分析及同源性检索表明 ,其中一个约为 1.2kb的克隆与Nmi(N Mycinteractionprotein)高度同源。细胞免疫共沉淀实验结果显示 ,在哺乳动物细胞水平仍能够检测到凋亡蛋白与全长Nmi的特异相互作用。利用构建好的分别缺失C端 11个氨基酸、中间 33～46位氨基酸和二者均缺失的 3个凋亡蛋白突变体进行相互作用位点研究 ,结果表明凋亡蛋白的 33～ 46位氨基酸(核外运信号 )对于凋亡蛋白与Nmi的相互作用是必需的 ,而C端核定位信号 /DNA结合序列对于凋亡蛋白与Nmi的相互作用不是充分必要的     

东北产6种苔类植物细胞学观察

本文对东北产6种苔类植物进行了染色体数目报道,它们是阔叶裂叶苔Lophoziaexcisa,皱叶裂叶苔L.incisa,倾立裂叶苔L.ascendens,细裂瓣苔Barbilophozia barbata,裂萼苔Chiloscyphus polyanthus,指叶苔Lepidozia reptans,其染色体数目均为n=9。其中阔叶裂叶苔和倾产裂叶苔为首次报道。     

中间偃麦草染色体2Ai-2特异PCR新标记的建立和St基因组特异序列的克隆

中间偃麦草麦、小麦和小麦－中间偃麦草2Ai－2附加系Z1、Z2、X6,代换系ZD28等进行RAPD分析,从320个RAPD引物中,鉴定出2Ai－2染色体特异的2个RAPD标记OPO05650和OPMO414000。利用这2个特异OPO05和OPM04,PCR扩增普通小麦CS（ABD）及其近缘植物中间偃麦草（E1E2St）、拟鹅冠草（St）,长穗偃麦草（E）、簇毛麦（V）、黑麦（R）、大麦（H）粗山羊草（D）等基因组DNA。结果表明,OPO05650和OPO41400均是2Ai－2染色体上St基因组区域的特异标记。将上棕2个特异片段分离回收、克隆、测序,根据测序结果重新设计、合成特异引物,成功地转换RAPD标记为SCAR（sequence characterizked amplifed region）标记SC－05和SC－M4。利用SCAR标记对不同材料进行分析的结果表明,凡含有2Ai－2染色体的抗黄矮病材料及拟鹅冠草均产生一条扩增带,不含2Ai－2染色体的材料,包括小麦、长穗麦草、簇毛麦、黑麦、在麦、粗山羊草以有含有其他他中间偃麦草染色休的附加系,均没有扩增产物,说明上棕2个SCAR标记是中间偃麦草2Ai－2染色体的特异性PCR标记,且是2Ai－2染色体上St基因组区域的特异性标记。克隆与鉴定中间偃麦草的2个SCAR扩增片段TiSCO5和TiSCM4。结果表明,克隆的中间偃麦草TiSCO5和TiSCM4特异片段,分别是St基因组特异性的寡拷贝序列有多拷贝重复序列,为St基因组遗传研究的新探针。     

Isolation of transcription factors binding auxin response elements using a yeast one-hybrid system

Plant hormones play an important role during higher plant embryogenesis. Auxin is central to the development of vascular tissues, formation of lateral and adventitious roots, control of apical dominance, and tropic responses. Auxin response element (AuxRE), present in the promoters of many auxin-induced genes, can confer auxin responsiveness. Using carrot somatic embryo under specific developmental phase, a cDNA expression library was constructed. Several plasmids were recombined containing the tetramer of AuxRE as a bait. After screening by a yeast one-hybrid system, one positive clone was confirmed and characterized. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that AxRF1 protein expressed in yeast cell could bind AuxRE in vitro. It suggests that AxRF1 participates in regulation of the expression of auxin responsive gene during carrot somatic embryogenesis.     

小麦及其近缘种中基因组特异性DNA重复序列的研究进展

本文对小麦族植物中基因组特异性DNA重复序列的分类、基本特征、分离和鉴定方法、在小麦遗传改良中的应用以及未来研究的发展趋势进行了简述。综合已有的研究结果可以看出基因组特异性DNA重复序列是小麦族植物基因组特异性形成的重要构成部分。对基因组特异性DNA重复序列的研究是认识小麦族植物基因组的有效途径之一,基因组特异性DNA重复序列的应用将进一步促进小麦族植物分子细胞遗传学和普通小麦遗传改良研究的进展。 Advances in Studies of Genome-Specific Repetitive DNA Sequences in Wheat and Related Species BAI Jian-rong1,2,JIA Xu1,WANG Dao-wen1 1.The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,The Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China; 2.Crop Genetics Institute,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030031,China Abstract:In this paper we review recent advances in studies of several aspects of genome specific repetitive DNA sequences in wheat and related species.The available results demonstrate that genome specific repetitive DNA sequences are important components of genome specificity in wheat and related species.Research on genome specific repetitive DNA sequences is essential to the elucidation of genome function.The application of genome specific repetitive DNA sequences will aid molecular cytogenetic studies in wheat and related species and contributes to genetic improvement of common wheat. Key words：wheat;genome specific repetitive DNA sequence;chromosome     

芽殖酵母细胞周期的检查点调控

芽殖酵母是研究真核细胞的模式菌。细胞周期检查点是确保细胞周期正常运行的一种调控机制。就芽殖酵母细胞周期检查点调控加以介绍。     

面包酵母海藻糖积累条件的研究

对面包酵母的海藻糖积累条件及补料分批发酵进行了研究。结果表明 pH为 5 .0 ,温度 37℃有利于海藻糖积累。少量多次的补加葡萄糖可持续增加海藻糖的含量 ,但随着发酵时间的延长 ,葡萄糖对海藻糖转化率有逐渐减少的趋势。