Enhanced lymph node retention of subcutaneously injected IgG1-PEG2000-liposomes through pentameric IgM antibody-mediated vesicular aggregation

An efficient strategy for enhancing the lymph node deposition of rapidly drained liposomes from the interstitial injection site is described. Subcutaneously injected small-sized immuno-poly(ethyleneglycol)-liposomes (immuno-PEG-liposomes), containing 10 mol% mPEG₃₅₀-phospholipid and 1 mol% PEG₂₀₀₀-phospholipid in their bilayer and where IgG1 is coupled to the distal end of PEG₂₀₀₀, not only drain rapidly from the interstitial spaces into the initial lymphatic system, but also accumulate efficiently among the lymph nodes draining the region when compared with non-PEG-bearing immunoliposomes where IgG is directly coupled to the phospholipid. Liposome deposition among the draining lymph nodes, however, was further enhanced dramatically following an adjacent subcutaneous injection of a pentameric IgM against the surface attached IgG molecules (IgM:IgG, 10:1) without compromising vesicle drainage from the interstitium. This is suggested to arise either as a result of formation of large immuno-aggregates within the lymphatic vessels with subsequent transport to and trapping among the regional lymph nodes and/or following IgM binding to Fc receptors of the lymph node sinus macrophages forming a platform for subsequent trapping of drained IgG-coupled liposomes. This lymph node targeting approach may be amenable for the design and surface engineering of any rapidly drained nanoparticulate system bearing peptides and proteins that can be aggregated with a desired monoclonal pentameric IgM.     

A morpholino phenocopy of the cyclops mutation

Summary: Conditional and tissue specific gene targeting using the Cre‐loxP recombination system in combination with established ES cell techniques has become a standard for in vivo loss of function studies. In a typical flox and delete gene targeting strategy, the loxP‐neo‐loxP cassette is inserted into an intron and an additional loxP site is located in one of the homology arms so that loxP sites surround a functionally essential part of the gene. The neo cassette in usually removed by transient expression of the Cre recombinase in ES cells to avoid selection gene interference and genetic ambiquity. However, this causes a significant increase in manipulation of ES cells and often compromises ES cell pluripotency. Here we describe a method in which the floxed neo gene is removed from a knockout allele by infecting 16‐cell‐stage morulae by the recombinant Cre adenovirus. This virus provides only transient Cre expression and does not integrate into the mouse genome. Produced mosaic mice transmitted the desired allele without the neo cassette with high frequency to their offspring. This method is rapid and easy and does not require any special equipment. Moreover, because superovulated mice can be used as donors, this method does not necessitate a large number of mice. genesis 31:126–129, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

切除上胚轴对绿豆子叶衰老逆转及其核酸和蛋白质代谢的效应

在绿豆子叶衰老达到不归点(萌发后5～6d)前切除上胚轴可使开始衰老的子叶中核酸和蛋白质含量回升,衰老短期逆转。衰老不归点后的子叶中核酸和蛋白质变化的主要特征是:丧失了较多的核主带DNA、25S、18S rRNA以及大部分可溶性蛋白质组分,一种小分子DNA 组分完全消失。不归点前切除上胚轴可使上述核酸和蛋白质组分明显增加,表明子叶衰老的逆转可能与这些重要功能物质的回升有关。在切除上胚轴的茎顶涂抹IAA,能阻止子叶核酸和蛋白质回升,也消除了切除上胚轴对子叶裹老的逆转作用。     

Nitrate-Removal Activity of a Biofilm Attached to a Perlite Carrier under Continuous Aeration Conditions

The nitrate-removal activity of a biofilm attached to a perlite carrier from an aerobic bioreactor used for treating dairy farm wastewater was examined by batch experiments under continuous aeration conditions. Despite aeration, the biofilm removed nitrate at a rate of 114.4 mg-N/kg-perlite/h from wastewater containing cow milk and manure. In a clone library analysis of the biofilm, bacteria showing high similarity to the denitrifying bacteria Thauera spp. were detected.     

Rendiconti Delle Sedute E Brevi Comunicazioni

Abstract

The development of effective strategies to rehabilitate compromised environments is one of the major challenges facing the postindustrial society, since most of the habitats are becoming progressively polluted due to indiscriminate discharge of contaminants generated by anthropogenic activities. Several aquatic photosynthetic organisms can be used to treat wastewaters in primary and tertiary treatments, including cyanobacteria, algae and higher plants. In this review, we summarize the results obtained in the remediation of polluted waters by photosynthetic organisms and discuss the future perspective of phytoremediation.     

Differential luxury phosphate response of planktonic algae to phosphorus removal

After a thirty-fold lowering of the orthophosphate concentration of the eutrophic River Meuse, the granular polyphosphate reserve of planktonic algae did not decrease significantly. Although the algal populations were clearly limited by phosphorus, individual cells stored phosphorus but did not use it to increase their biomass.     

翠绿宝石激光脱毛350例疗效分析

目的:评价翠绿宝石激光脱毛治疗的疗效。方法:使用波长为755 nm的GentleLASE Plus激光对350例门诊患者的不同部位的体毛进行多次治疗,并按不同部位和治疗次数进行分组,分析其疗效。结果:经过多次治疗后,总体治愈率为83.71%,疗效与不同的部位有关,且与治疗次数呈正相关。其中5例出现暂时性色素沉着。结论:使用GentleLASE Plus激光进行脱毛治疗效果良好,并发症少,是目前较为理想的脱毛治疗方法。