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21.
Complex inter‐island colonization and peripatric founder speciation promote diversification of flightless Pachyrhynchus weevils in the Taiwan–Luzon volcanic belt
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Hui‐Yun Tseng Wen‐San Huang Ming‐Luen Jeng Reagan Joseph T. Villanueva Olga M. Nuñeza Chung‐Ping Lin 《Journal of Biogeography》2018,45(1):89-100
Aim
We investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of diversification among colourful and flightless weevils, the Pachyrhynchus orbifer complex, to test the stepping‐stone hypothesis of colonization across the Taiwan–Luzon volcanic belt.Location
Southeast Asia.Methods
The phylogeny of the P. orbifer complex was reconstructed from a multi‐locus data set of mitochondrial and nuclear genes using maximum likelihood in RAxML and Bayesian inference in MRBAYES. Likelihood‐based tests in CONSEL were used to evaluate alternative tree topologies. Divergence times were estimated in beast based on a range of mutation rates. Ancestral range and biogeographical history were reconstructed using Bayesian binary MCMC (BBM) methods in RASP and in BioGeoBEARS. Demographic histories were inferred using the extended Bayesian skyline plot (EBSP). Species boundaries were tested using BPP.Results
The phylogeny of the P. orbifer complex indicated strong support for seven reciprocally monophyletic lineages grouped by current island boundaries (Camiguin, Fuga, Dalupiri, Calayan, Babuyan, Orchid and Yaeyama Islands), except for a sister Green + Itbayat lineage. Complex and stochastic colonization of P. orbifer was inferred to have involved both northward and southward directions with short‐ and long‐distance dispersal events, which are strongly inconsistent with the strict stepping‐stone hypothesis. Divergence time estimates for all extant island lineages (<1 Myr of Middle Pleistocene) are much more recent than the geological ages (22.4–1.7 Myr) and subaerial existence (c. 3 Myr) of the islands. The statistically delimited seven cryptic species imply that the diversity of Pachyrhynchus from small peripheral islands continues to be largely under‐estimated.Main conclusions
The non‐linear, more complex spatial and temporal settings of the archipelago and stochastic dispersal were probable key factors shaping the colonization history of the P. orbifer complex. Speciation of the P. orbifer complex may have occurred only between islands, indicating that peripatric speciation through the founders of stochastic dispersals was the major evolutionary driver. 相似文献22.
Alexander Riedel Rene T?nzler Michael Balke Cahyo Rahmadi Yayuk R. Suhardjono 《ZooKeys》2014,(467):1-162
The genus Trigonopterus Fauvel, 1862 is highly diverse in Melanesia. Only one species, Trigonopterus
amphoralis Marshall, 1925 was so far recorded West of Wallace’s Line (Eastern Sumatra). Based on focused field-work the fauna from Sundaland (Sumatra, Java, Bali, Palawan) and the Lesser Sunda Islands (Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores) is here revised. We redescribe Trigonopterus
amphoralis Marshall and describe an additional 98 new species: Trigonopterus
acuminatus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
aeneomicans
sp. n., Trigonopterus
alaspurwensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
allopatricus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
allotopus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
angulicollis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
argopurensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
arjunensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
asper
sp. n., Trigonopterus
attenboroughi
sp. n., Trigonopterus
baliensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
batukarensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
bawangensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
binodulus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
bornensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
cahyoi
sp. n., Trigonopterus
costipennis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
cuprescens
sp. n., Trigonopterus
cupreus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
dacrycarpi
sp. n., Trigonopterus
delapan
sp. n., Trigonopterus
dentipes
sp. n., Trigonopterus
diengensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
dimorphus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
disruptus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
dua
sp. n., Trigonopterus
duabelas
sp. n., Trigonopterus
echinatus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
empat
sp. n., Trigonopterus
enam
sp. n., Trigonopterus
fissitarsis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
florensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
foveatus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
fulgidus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
gedensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
halimunensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
honjensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
ijensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
javensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
kalimantanensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
kintamanensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
klatakanensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
lampungensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
latipes
sp. n., Trigonopterus
lima
sp. n., Trigonopterus
lombokensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
merubetirensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
mesehensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
micans
sp. n., Trigonopterus
misellus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
palawanensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
pangandaranensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
paraflorensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
pararugosus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
parasumbawensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
pauxillus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
payungensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
porcatus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
pseudoflorensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
pseudosumbawensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
punctatoseriatus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
ranakensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
relictus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
rinjaniensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
roensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
rugosostriatus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
rugosus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
rutengensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
saltator
sp. n., Trigonopterus
santubongensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
sasak
sp. n., Trigonopterus
satu
sp. n., Trigonopterus
schulzi
sp. n., Trigonopterus
sebelas
sp. n., Trigonopterus
sembilan
sp. n., Trigonopterus
sepuluh
sp. n., Trigonopterus
seriatus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
serratifemur
sp. n., Trigonopterus
setifer
sp. n., Trigonopterus
silvestris
sp. n., Trigonopterus
singkawangensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
singularis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
sinuatus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
squalidus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
sumatrensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
sumbawensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
sundaicus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
suturalis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
syarbis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
telagensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
tepalensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
tiga
sp. n., Trigonopterus
trigonopterus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
tujuh
sp. n., Trigonopterus
ujungkulonensis
sp. n., Trigonopterus
variolosus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
vulcanicus
sp. n., Trigonopterus
wallacei
sp. n.. All new species are authored by the taxonomist-in-charge, Alexander Riedel. Most species belong to the litter fauna of primary wet evergreen forests. This habitat has become highly fragmented in the study area and many of its remnants harbor endemic species. Conservation measures should be intensified, especially in smaller and less famous sites to minimize the number of species threatened by extinction. 相似文献
23.
The cold hardiness of two closely related weevil species, Exapion ulicis and E. lemovicinum was studied in relation to their life cycles. These two seed-eating weevils reproduce on Ulex plant species with different fruiting phenologies. E. ulicis lays eggs in spring and overwinters as an adult while E. lemovicinum lays eggs in autumn and overwinters as a larva. Adult weevils were collected in natural populations of Brittany (Western France) and characterized with morphological and molecular tools before experiments. We showed that both weevil species exhibited low supercooling points (SCPs) with mean seasonal values below −17 °C. Fresh mass, moisture content and sex were not correlated to supercooling ability. Weevils died upon freezing and the lower lethal temperatures (LLT) were within the range of SCP, indicating that both species are freezing intolerant. Comparison between species for SCP, LLT and survival to exposure at −8 °C in winter showed a higher cold resistance for E. ulicis than for E. lemovicinum. In addition, the seasonal evolution of cold hardiness differed depending on the species. These features suggest that response to cold of weevils is linked to their life cycles, and thus to the life history of their host plants. 相似文献
24.
Helio Pierotti 《法国昆虫学会纪事》2013,49(5-6):408-469
The genus Meira Jacquelin du Val 1852 is revised, four lectotypes and a neotype are designated, a new synonymy is proposed and four new species from France – one from Alpes-Maritimes (Meira alpina n. sp.), two from Var (M. echinoides n. sp. and M. teloniensis n. sp.), one from Vaucluse (M. germanni n. sp.) and one from Italy, from Abruzzo (M. osellai n. sp.) are described,. Synonyms, bibliographic and ecological data are provided. Whole-body photos of the types of the old species and of the four new species, drawings of systematically important characters, keys and distribution maps are also presented. 相似文献
25.
Two curculionid weevils, Orthochaetes setiger (Beck, 1817) and Exomias pellucidus (Boheman, 1834) are recorded in New Zealand for the first time. The former has a wide distribution through the eastern South Island, while the latter has so far only been located in a single suburban garden in Dunedin. Both species are polyphagous and flightless. Although neither is expected to cause notable economic damage, their potential to invade native ecosystems makes them worthy of further investigation. 相似文献
26.
27.
Eulechriops argyrosoman. sp. (Curculionidae: Conoderinae: Lechropini) and Geratozygops platysoman. sp., Geratozygops stenosoman. sp. and Geratozygops arsinotusn. sp. (Curculionidae: Conoderinae: Zygopini) are described from Dominican amber. The small size, nearly parallel sides of the pronotum and silvery sheen distinguish Eulechriops argyrosoma from extant members of the genus, which have not been recorded from Hispaniola. Size and rostral and pronotal characters separate the three Geratozygops species from the single species (Geratozygops atropos) previously described from Dominican amber.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:89BC7F43-6C1A-4A6A-839B-CE94C7F6F140 相似文献
28.
John C. Maerz Jeremiah M. Karuzas Dale M. Madison Bernd Blossey 《Diversity & distributions》2005,11(1):83-90
Concern over biological invasions has drawn increased attention to the impacts of introduced predators or competitors, but not to the importance of introduced prey. North American forests are rich in introduced invertebrates, including species that represent relatively novel taxonomic or trophic guilds and show biased distributions among forest types. We analysed the diets of red‐backed salamanders, Plethodon cinereus, from three upland and three lowland forests to determine whether introduced prey are important contributors to geographical or temporal variation in salamander food resources. We found several introduced species were volumetrically important salamander prey, and were responsible for resource differences between forest types and much of the seasonal fluctuation in food resources in both forest types. In lowland forests, rain had a stronger effect on salamander predation on non‐native earthworms than native taxa, creating more dynamic resource fluctuations in resource levels than was observed in upland forests where earthworms were absent. With one exception, predation on non‐native species was positively associated with predation on native species, suggesting non‐native prey have added to salamander resources rather than replaced salamander predation on native taxa. We hypothesize that the novel resource gradients created by non‐native prey introductions are contributing to patterns of geographical and temporal phenotypic variation among salamander populations. 相似文献
29.
NICO M. FRANZ 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》2012,164(3):510-557
The monophyly of the Neotropical entimine weevil genus Exophthalmus Schoenherr, 1823 (Curculionidae: Entiminae: Eustylini Lacordaire) is reassessed. Exophthalmus presently includes more than 80 species, approximately half of which are restricted to either the Caribbean archipelago or the continental Neotropics. The taxonomic composition and position of Exophthalmus have been subject to longstanding disagreements; in particular, authors have questioned the relationship of Exophthalmus to other Caribbean genera such as Diaprepes Schoenherr, 1834 (Eustylini) and Lachnopus Schoenherr, 1840 (Geonemini Gistel), as well as to the speciose Central and South American genera Compsus Schoenherr, 1823, Eustylus Schoenherr, 1842, and Exorides Pascoe, 1881 (all Eustylini), among others. The present study scrutinizes these traditional perspectives, based on a cladistic analysis of 143 adult morphological characters and 90 species, representing 30 genera and seven tribes of Neotropical entimine weevils. The character matrix yielded eight most‐parsimonious cladograms (length = 239 steps; consistency index = 66; retention index = 91), with mixed clade support that remains particularly wanting for some of the deeper in‐group divergences. The strict consensus supports the existence of a paraphyletic Geonemini ‘grade’ that includes Lachnopus and related Caribbean genera such as Apotomoderes Dejean, 1834, followed by a monophyletic Eustylini in‐group clade. Within the latter, a monophyletic South American Eustylini clade – including Compsus, Eustylus, Exorides, and related genera – is sister to a major clade that contains a ‘grade’ of heterogeneous and often misclassified Caribbean members of the Eustylini, Geonemini (Tetrabothynus Labram & Imhoff, 1852 and Tropirhinus Schoenherr, 1823), and Tanymecini Lacordaire (Pachnaeus Schoenherr, 1826), as well as two major clades: one with the majority of Central American Exophthalmus species, and the other with most Caribbean members of Exophthalmus. The Central American Exophthalmus clade is paraphyletic with respect to Chauliopleurus Champion, 1911 (Geonemini) and Rhinospathe Chevrolat, 1878 (Phyllobiini Schoenherr). The Caribbean clade, in turn, contains two subclades: i.e. (1) the Greater Antillean Exophthalmus s.s. clade, including the type species Exophthalmus quadrivittatus (Olivier, 1807); and (2) the primarily Lesser Antillean Diaprepes. The latter genus is therefore nested within Central American and Caribbean species of a highly paraphyletic Exophthalmus, yet may be rendered monophyletic if several Lesser Antillean Exophthalmus species are (re‐)assigned to Diaprepes. The results thus provide a suitable basis for a revision of all Exophthalmus species, and furthermore suggest that historical biographic factors, including colonization via temporary continental Neotropics‐to‐Caribbean land connections, were important in the evolution of major eustyline lineages. Based on these preliminary insights, the following taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments are made. Compsoricus gen. nov. is erected to accommodate two Puerto Rican species erroneously assigned to Compsus: i.e. the herein designated type species Compsoricus maricao comb. nov. and Compsoricus luquillo comb. nov. Eustylus dentipes comb. nov. is transferred from Compsus. Diaprepes marginicollis Chevrolat, 1880 is reinstated from synonymy under Exophthalmus. Lastly, the following five transfers are proposed: (1) Chauliopleurus Champion, 1911, from Geonemini to Eustylini; (2) Tetrabothynus Labram & Imhoff, 1852, from Geonemini to Eustylini; (3) Tropirhinus Schoenherr, 1823, from Geonemini to Eustylini; (4) Rhinospathe Chevrolat, 1878, from Phyllobiini to Eustylini; and (5) Pachnaeus Schoenherr, 1826, from Tanymecini to Eustylini. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 164 , 510–557. 相似文献
30.
Levent Gültekin 《法国昆虫学会纪事》2018,54(1):27-44
Two new sibling species, Larinus synthesys n. sp. from Algeria, and Larinus boroveci n. sp. from Algeria and Morocco, are described. Both species are tentatively assigned to the subgenus Larinus based on resemblance to species having longitudinal stripes on the elytra and rostrum. L. synthesys n. sp. is the smallest species in Larinus (s. str.) and is closely related to L. boroveci n. sp. The lectotype of Larinus cardopatii Lucas, 1847 is designated and redescribed. An illustrated key to the striped Larinus (s. str.) is given. 相似文献