Assessing indica-japonica differentiation of improved rice varieties using microsatellite markers

To assess the indica-japonica differentiation of improved rice varieties, a total of 512 modem varieties including 301 indica and 211 japonica accessions were analyzed using 36 microsatellites. The Fst coefficients ranged from 0.002 to 0.730 among the loci with an average of 0.315. Significant differentiation was detected at 94.4% of the loci studied （P 〈 0.05, pairwise Fst tests）, indicating that there was a high level of indica-japonica differentiation within the improved varieties. At 18 loci, about 74%-98% of the alleles of indica and japonica accessions were distributed in two ranges of amplicon length. Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that the distribution trends were significantly nonrandomly associated. Using the differentiation trends at the 18 loci, microsatellite index （MI） was proposed for discrimination of the two subspecies. When rice accessions with MI value greater than zero were classified as indica, and those with MI value smaller than zero were classified as japonica, about 96.1% of the accessions could be classified. This result agrees with the classification based on morphological-physiological characters, indicating that this method is feasible and effective.     

基于就诊流量监测的门诊资源合理分配研究

目的 通过历史流量数据及流量监测系统,对医院门诊流量情况进行分析,为门诊人力资源合理分配提供依据。 方法 应用时间序列数据季节指数分析法对医院历史门诊流量数据按月份、周和每日不同时间段流量进行分析,并对流量监测系统的历史数据进行统计分析。 结果 门诊流量3、5、7、11、12月份较大,1、2月份较少;一周中周一至周三流量较大,周四、周五流量较少;一天中早上8：00～10：00流量较大,呈明显就诊高峰,下午14：00～16：00为就诊低峰。 结论 医院门诊流量在一年的不同月份、每周的不同天次、每日的不同时间段都有不同的变化规律。     

作物最高理论产量计算方法的应用——以合肥地区水稻为例

本文以合肥地区水稻为例,探讨了作物最高理论产量的计算方法,即首先根据“ＦＡＯ”农业生态带理论,计算出作物光温生产力指数,再根据当地的气候（主要是水分状况）对作物的光温生产力指数进行订正,从而求出作物的最高理论产量。     

畜禽保种－选择指数原理

根据系统保种理论有关保种和选择可以相互结合的观点,本文提出了保种－选择指数的概念、导出了适于各种资料条件和各种保种与选择目的的通用保种－选择指数公式、并探讨了该公式在几种特殊情况下的形式,为国内大量地方品种保种选育提供了必要的理论和方法。     

Reproductive cycle of the European clam Ruditapes decussatus from Óbidos Lagoon,Leiria, Portugal

ABSTRACT

In Portugal, the European clam (Ruditapes decussatus) is an important commercial resource. Óbidos Lagoon is a strong candidate as a cultivation area to increase European clam exploitation. However, the reproductive biology of this population has not been described. In this work, the reproductive cycle of R. decussatus was characterized by determining gonadal development stages, gonad index, condition index, and biochemical composition. The relationship between reproduction and environmental parameters (sea surface temperature, chlorophyll a, and particulate organic matter) was assessed. Ruditapes decussatus had an annual reproductive cycle. The gametogenic cycle started in late winter, and the ripe stage in spring was followed by spawning that began at the end of spring/early summer and extended until early autumn. The subsequent period of sexual rest occurred during the winter. Condition index showed seasonal variations related to food availability (chlorophyll a). The European clams in Óbidos Lagoon recovered rapidly after their reproductive period, most likely owing to the availability of food. This study will help to improve sustainable management of this wild stock and is important for future aquaculture development of this species.     

Static and dynamic approaches to landscape heterogeneity in the Hungarian forest‐steppe zone

Abstract. This paper describes the successional status of the vegetation in a clear‐felled dry oak woodland at the edge of the Hungarian forest‐steppe zone on the basis of a vegetation map. Due to a varied geomorphology of the colline landscape several so‐called landscape units can be distinguished. The patchwork on the vegetation map is evaluated using several, morphology‐based attributes (static morphological indices) traditionally applied in landscape ecology. In the ca. 100 years that elapsed since forest clear‐cut, xeric grassland species and steppe elements became more abundant and the former xeromesophilous vegetation – containing even some woodland components – is slowly turning into xeric grassland communities. The vegetation units mapped can be arranged into a hypothetical succession scheme in which successional distances (the number of steps between two stages) are determined. Based on the distances thus obtained, a new dynamic morphological index is introduced. This is applied to each landscape unit for the dynamic evaluation of successional vegetation, its results being compared with those obtained by static morphological indices.     

植物保护剂防治害虫效果的评价方法

在以作用因子组建的生命表和干扰作用控制指数(IIPC)的基础上建立植物保护剂的研究方法和综合评价指标,以表示驱避成虫选择寄主,干扰成虫的产卵行为,对卵孵化的影响,以及干扰幼虫的行为,包括逃避、拒食、幼虫特别是初孵幼虫中毒死亡的作用.采用所建立的研究方法和评价指标的试验结果表明,菜田附近大多数非寄主植物的乙醇抽提物(干重1g·100ml^-1)如大叶桉(Eucalytus rubusta)、蟛蜞菊(Wedelia chinensis)等对保护十字花科蔬菜免受小菜蛾为害起着明显的作用.印楝油对小菜蛾幼虫的防治效果相当显著.机油乳剂(CAL TEX产品)对桔全爪螨具有明显的控制效果.     

植被综合生态质量时空变化动态监测评价模型

为了能掌握全国植被综合生态质量的高低及其时空变化,构建了既能反映植被生产力又能反映植被覆盖度的植被综合生态质量指数,建立了植被综合生态质量指数年际对比和多年变化趋势评价模型。利用构建的指数和评价模型,以2017年作为监测评价的当年,以2000—2017年作为评价的多年时段,对全国植被综合生态质量时空变化进行了监测评价。结果表明：（1）2017年全国大部地区植被综合生态质量指数高于2000—2016年多年平均值,生态质量偏好;2017年福建、广西、海南、广东、云南植被综合生态质量位居全国前五位,构建的植被综合生态质量指数及其年际对比模型可以定量反映全国植被综合生态质量的空间差异和年际差异。（2）全国有90.7%的区域2000—2017年植被综合生态质量指数呈提高趋势,东北地区西部、内蒙古东部、华北大部、西北地区东部、西南地区东部、华南西部等地生态质量指数提升明显,构建的植被综合生态质量指数多年变化趋势评价模型可以定量反映植被生态质量的多年变化趋势和幅度。（3）南方大部地区2000—2017年平均年植被综合生态质量指数在50.0以上,北方大部地区在50.0以下;我国中东部大部地区在20.0以上,西部大部地区在20.0以下,表明南方大部地区年植被生态质量好于北方、中东大部好于西部。可见,构建的植被综合生态质量指数及其年际对比和多年变化趋势评价模型,能够监测评价当年和多年全国植被综合生态质量的时空变化,可为掌握全国植被生态质量动态提供模型和方法。     

Models of seasonal growth of the equatorial carp Labeo dussumieri in response to the river flood cycle

Synopsis The phenology of Labeo dussumieri, an omnivorous carp common to South Asia, was investigated in a population inhabiting a flood plain anabranch of the Mahaweli Ganga, Sri Lanka. The Mahaweli Ganga exhibited a bimodal discharge pattern typical of many equatorial rivers, with a minor peak during the S.W. monsoon and a major peak during the N.E. monsoon. Seasonal changes in several lotic variables were measured in an attempt to correlate changes in environmental conditions to reproduction and growth in L. dussumieri. The onset of gonad recrudescence and spawning were synchronized with the increased river discharge during the S.W. and N.E. monsoons: gonad development followed one monsoonal discharge peak and spawning took place at the beginning of the other. Most fish spawned at the beginning of the major discharge peak in October and November, following the September dry season. Increased discharge was concomitant with a fall in temperature, light intensity, pH and conductivity. Growth was shown to be seasonal, exhibiting an annual bimodal pattern with peaks coincident with S.W. and N.E. monsoonal rains. Seasonal changes in growth were expressed by two models in terms of: (a) change of somatic weight or fork length with time, (b) change of specific growth rate in response to river discharge, modified by somatic weight. Gonad recrudescence and spawning stress did not appear to influence growth rate.     

Prediction of F3 row performance from F2 individual plant data in oats

Summary Parameters estimated from a Gardner-Eberhart analysis of the F₂ generation of a six-parent diallel in oats (Avena sativa L.) were used to compare methods for predicting the performance of F₃ row plots. The prediction methods were: (1) individual F₂ plant performance (F2I), (2) parent average plus F₂ plot deviations (PF2), (3) parent average plus weighted F₂ plot deviations (PF2P), (4) best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) of parent average plus F₂ plot deviations (BPF2), and (5) BLUP plus weighted F₂ deviations (BF2). The F₂ single-plant traits used for prediction were biological yield to predict F₃ biological yield, whole plant and primary tiller grain yield for prediction of F₃ grain yield, and whole plant and primary tiller harvest index (HI) to predict F₃ HI. Prediction methods were evaluated by correlations between predicted and observed F₃ performance. Prediction methods and traits for which correlations were greater than for F2I included: BF2 for biological yield, PF2, PF2P and BF2 for whole plant grain yield, PF2, BPF2, and BF2 for primary tiller grain yield. None had a correlation significantly greater than F2I for either measure of HI, where heritability was large. PF2 is the recommended method for traits with low heritability because of its simplicity and because it had the largest or nearly the largest correlation for each of the yield traits. F2I is the recommended method for traits with larger heritability.Contribution No. 8821 of the U.S. Regional Pasture Research LaboratoryDeceased