妇科门诊患者阴道分泌物检测及支原体感染情况和耐药性

目的分析妇科门诊患者阴道分泌物及支原体感染和耐药性情况。方法选取我院2017年7月至2018年7月于妇科门诊就诊的1 200例患者为研究对象,收集患者阴道分泌物并检测支原体感染情况及其耐药性。结果 1 200例患者中患滴虫性阴道炎者13例(1.08%),霉菌性阴道炎139例(11.58%),细菌性阴道病97例(8.08%)。阴道清洁度Ⅲ～Ⅳ度的患者滴虫性阴道炎、霉菌性阴道炎、细菌性阴道病的发生率显著高于清洁度Ⅰ～Ⅱ度的患者(均P0.05)。不同年龄段患者滴虫性阴道炎、霉菌性阴道炎和细菌性阴道病的发生率差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。25岁的患者解脲支原体(Un)感染率最高(58.10%),35～44岁患者人型支原体(Mh)感染率最高(5.09%),25岁患者Un合并Mh感染率最高(21.91%)。支原体总敏感率较高的抗生素为美满霉素(95.86%)、强力霉素(95.15%)和交沙霉素(97.05%),敏感率较低的为甲砜霉素(19.15%),克林霉素(14.66%)和司帕沙星(27.77%)。结论阴道清洁度与阴道炎的发生具有相关性。患者阴道分泌物中支原体的检测及药敏试验可为临床治疗提供参考依据。     

革兰染色对患者阴道分泌物的检验价值

目的探讨革兰染色对患者阴道分泌物的检验价值。方法选择2015年4月至2017年4月于诸暨市中心医院进行阴道分泌物检验的阴道炎患者为研究对象,共1 600例。采用生理盐水镜检法和革兰染色法对分泌物进行检验,比较两种检验方法对分泌物病变的检出情况,同时比较两种检验方法的特异性和敏感性。结果革兰染色法对分泌物病变的检出率为32.50%,生理盐水镜检法的检出率为28.50%,二者差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。革兰染色法对阴道分泌物检验的准确性、敏感性及特异性分别为95.61%、96.34%、97.87%,均高于生理盐水镜检法,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论阴道分泌物检验是诊断阴道炎最便捷的方法。与常规的生理盐水镜检法相比,革兰染色法具有更高的准确性、特异性和敏感性,对阴道炎的早发现、早治疗具有较高的应用价值。     

ELECTROPHORETIC AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE MALE ACCESSORY REPRODUCTIVE GLAND PROTEINS OF POECILOCERA PICTA FABR. (ACRIDIDAE: ORTHOPTERA)

Electrophoretic separation of the protein extracts of the whole accessory reproductive gland (ARG) reveals a progressive increase in number of fractions from day 0 to day 12 of adult life. The number of fractions secreted by the different types of tubules, viz., white tubules, hyaline tubules and seminal vesicles, varies. The protein concentration of the ARG of 12-day-old insects is four times higher than that of newly emerged adult insects. Three protein fractions of the ARG extract are immunologically precipitatale by antiserum to whole accessory gland complex. Immunoelectrophoresis of the oocyte extract from mated females and total protein extract of empty spermatophores revealed that one fraction of the oocyte protein and two of the spermatophores have their immunological counterparts in the whole ARG extract.     

PHYLOGENETIC EXAMINATION OF FEMALE INCORPORATION OF EJACULATE IN DROSOPHILA

Males of some invertebrate species transfer large ejaculates, and many of the substances contained therein are incorporated by females into their somatic and ovarian tissues. These incorporated substances are expected to be energetically costly for males to produce, but benefit males by enhancing their fertilization success and/or the viability of their offspring. A better understanding of the evolution and maintenance of this important reproductive strategy should come from phylogenetic examination. We therefore quantified the extent of ejaculate incorporation by females of 34 species of Drosophila. Substantive amounts of male-derived proteins were more frequently detected in female somatic tissue than in ovarian tissue. Substantive ejaculate incorporation by females was found to have arisen numerous times across the phylogeny and tended to be lineage specific in expression. The extent to which evolution of a nutritive function of the ejaculate may have been influenced by phylogenetic history in the genus Drosophila is discussed. Macroevolutionary relationships between the amount of ejaculate incorporated by females and other features of species' reproductive and life-history biology, including body size, sperm length, the formation of an insemination reaction in females, and sex-specific ages of reproductive maturity, also were examined after controlling for phylogenetic effects.     

一个能与水稻未成熟种子核蛋白特异结合的31bp的DNA片段

水稻蜡质基因5'上游序列中有5个能与水稻胚乳核蛋白结合的片段,其中HinfId和RsaIe片段有部分重叠,而重叠部分含AACGT顺序。按重叠区上下游顺序合成了其中含有3次重复的AACGT顺序的31bp寡核苷酸,并以此为探针进行凝胶滞后实验,表明它不仅能与未成熟水稻种子的胚乳核蛋白特异结合,而且也与HinfId和RsaIe片段有强烈的竞争作用。因此31bp顺序中含有与水稻胚乳核蛋白专一结合位点,从而有可能应用此31bp的寡核苷酸作探针来分离编码蜡质基因的调控蛋白基因。     

常绿杜鹃亚属麻花杜鹃亚组11种3变种植物叶片微形态特征及其分类学意义

杜鹃花属种类繁多,广泛分布于欧亚大陆和北美大陆,由于种间变异大、过渡特征丰富,其分类鉴定一直存在较多争议。该研究通过扫描电镜对常绿杜鹃亚属(subgen. Hymenanthes）麻花杜鹃亚组（subsect. Maculifera）的11种3变种植物的叶表皮微形态特征进行观察,为麻花亚组的分类与鉴定提供新的依据。结果显示：麻花杜鹃亚组植物上表皮表面平滑或粗糙、无表皮毛,具有条状、分枝状或短杆状初级蜡质纹饰;下表皮表面有或无分枝状蜡质纹饰,少部分具有表皮毛,不具有指状或乳状突起、亦无腺体;气孔器形状为圆形或椭圆形,内外拱盖表面粗糙或光滑,周围无间断的条形突起环绕。研究表明,麻花杜鹃亚组植物叶片微形态特征表现出一定的共性与多样性,可为麻花杜鹃亚组植物的分类和进化研究补充形态学依据。依据本研究观察结果对麻花杜鹃亚组进行了分类检索,并讨论了叶表皮微形态特征在该亚组近缘物种和种下类群研究中的分类学意义。     

分娩后宫颈分泌物中脆弱类杆菌的调查

本文介绍用脆弱类杆菌抗血清标记SpA(Bf—SpA)做协同凝集试验(CoA)调查123例正常分娩后妇女宫颈处的脆弱类杆菌,阳性率为22.7％,与常规厌氧培养法相比,SpA协同凝集试验具有特异性强、敏感性高、方法简便、快速的优点,适宜在基层单位推广应用。     

Atypical secretions of the male cephalic labial glands in bumblebees: the case of Bombus (Rhodobombus) mesomelas Gerstaecker (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

In bumblebees, the male secretion of the cephalic labial gland is species-specific. It is highly involved in the nuptial behavior, acting as a sexual attracting pheromone. Therefore, it is also used to accurately identify the species. In contrast to this common scheme, the secretions of Bombus mesomelas are found to be strongly reduced and do not include the most volatile compounds that are present in the secretions of all the other studied bumblebee species. These secretions correspond to cuticular hydrocarbons that can be found in all bumblebee species. This was also the case for another bumblebee species from the same Rhodobombus subgenus: Bombus pomorum. This atypical composition of the male cephalic labial gland secretions seems to indicate that, at least for these two species of Rhodobombus, these secretions are not used to attract virgin females from a long distance, as it is the case for all the other bumblebee species studied.     

Physical contact between soldier and worker is essential in soldier self-regulation of Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae)

In a termite society, the soldier proportion is regulated at a species-specific level with a seasonal fluctuation. A feedback mechanism in soldier proportion regulation is well recognized, while the proximate means by which the presence of soldiers inhibits the new soldier formation from workers remains mostly elusive. In the present study, some possible means for this inhibition were tested with the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. The results showed that neither soldier-originated volatiles nor non-volatile chemicals without physical contact were responsible for the inhibition of new soldier formation. The essentiality of physical contact between workers and soldiers in soldier regulation was established. However, by physical contacts, as the soldier-replacement experiment showed, workers could not individually recognize or “count” soldiers to maintain a set soldier proportion. The possible feedback mechanisms for soldier regulation are discussed.     

Characterization of antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin of the Chinese frog, Rana dybowskii

The skins of amphibians secrete small antimicrobial peptides that fight infection and are being explored as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics. In this study we combined mass spectrometry with cDNA sequencing to examine antimicrobial peptides in skin secretions from the Chinese frog Rana dybowskii. Thirteen peptides having precursor sequences that resemble known antimicrobial peptides from this genus were identified, ten of which were members of previously described peptide families based on their primary structures; i.e., brevinin-1, Japonicin-1, brevinin-2 and temporin. The other three peptides from R. dybowskii, which were named dybowskin-1CDYa, dybowskin-2 CDYa and dybowskin-2CDYb, had different amino acid compositions and little sequence similarity to known antimicrobial peptides. The carboxyl terminus of dybowskin-1CDY lacked amidation and is therefore clearly distinct from temporin peptides, whereas dybowskin-2CDYa and dybowskin-2CDYb consisted of 18 amino acids and were rich in Arg residues. Chemically synthesized peptides corresponding to mature dybowskin-1CDYa and dybowskin-2CDYa had strong antimicrobial activity and caused little hemolysis of human erythrocytes, suggesting they may serve as interesting templates for the development of novel antibiotics.