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101.
膜联蛋白是一类同源的水溶性多功能蛋白,可以在依赖和不依赖Ca2+的环境下与内膜和质膜结合或形成跨膜结构,存在于部分原核生物以及全部的真核生物中,在大多数高等生物中以多基因家族形式存在。植物膜联蛋白在结构上通常只有第1和第4个重复单元是保守的;在功能上可以与细胞骨架结合,具有过氧化物酶活性、核酸水解酶活性和离子通道功能,参与响应盐、干旱、高低温、重金属、损伤等非生物胁迫以及真菌、病虫害等生物胁迫。膜联蛋白基因在植物体的大部分器官及整个生育期均有表达,并且表达量随着植株发育和内外环境的改变而变化,在植物的抗逆性反应中起重要作用。该文对近年来国内外有关植物膜联蛋白的结构和功能,尤其是其在植物逆境生理方面的相关研究进行综述,以期为植物膜联蛋白的深入研究和植物抗逆研究提供思路。 相似文献
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Soils that contain toxic amounts of minerals or are deficient in essential plant nutrients are widespread globally and seriously
constrain rice production. New methods are necessary to incorporate the complex adaptive traits associated with tolerance
of these abiotic stresses, while simultaneously retaining the high yield potential of rice varieties when conditions are favorable.
Significant progress in the genetic characterization of stress response pathways and recent advances in genomics have provided
powerful tools for in-depth dissection of tolerance mechanisms. Additionally, tolerance of most of these abiotic stresses
in rice is controlled by a few QTLs with large effects despite the intricacy of the numerous traits involved. Genetic dissection
of these QTLs and their incorporation into high-yielding varieties will significantly enhance and stabilize rice productivity
in these problem soils. Current efforts at IRRI and in rice breeding programs worldwide are seeking to explore diverse germplasm
collections and genetically dissect the causal mechanisms of tolerance to facilitate their use in breeding. This review focuses
on salinity and P and Zn deficiency as the major problems encountered in rice soils, and examines current understanding of
the mechanisms involved and efforts toward germplasm improvement. 相似文献
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Rechargeable Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) are electrochemical storage device widely applied in electric vehicles, mobile electronic devices, etc. However, traditional LIBs containing liquid electrolytes suffer from flammability, poor electrochemical stability, and limited operational temperature range. Replacement of the liquid electrolytes with inorganic solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) would solve this problem. However, several critical issues, such as poor interfacial compatibility, low ionic conductivity at ambient temperatures, etc., need to be surmounted before the commercialization of all‐solid‐state Li‐ion batteries (ASSLIBs). In this review, a brief historical context for the inorganic SSEs is described first. Then, two critical issues in the ASSLIBs are highlighted: interfacial incompatibility of the electrodes and SSEs and internal stresses. For the interfacial incompatibility, the discussion is focused on the dynamic characterization of the electrode/SSE interfaces, the origin and evolution of the interfacial resistance, and interface engineering to minimize the interfacial resistance. The internal stresses in the ASSLIBs are another major concern because rigid contacts are introduced. Stress generation, stress evolution during battery cycling, stress measurement/simulation, and ways to alleviate the stresses are outlined in detail. Finally, current challenges and perspectives for future development of the inorganic SSEs and ASSLIBs are outlined. 相似文献
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塔里木盆地南缘旱生芦苇生态特征与水盐因子关系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
选择位于塔里木盆地南缘极端干旱区的克里雅河流域于田绿洲为靶区,结合经典统计学和冗余分析技术,研究了旱生芦苇生态特征与水盐因子的分布规律及相互关系。统计学分析显示:芦苇沿河岸至荒漠方向株高、盖度和地上生物量减少、地下生物量增加,水分与土壤盐分也呈现一定的梯度变化规律。冗余分析结果表明:水分为芦苇生态特征变化的关键驱动因子,地下水埋深和土壤水分与芦苇的生态特征呈现极显著的相关关系,钠吸附比、全盐与芦苇的生态特征呈现显著的相关关系,其他指标与芦苇生态特征的相关性均不显著。水盐因子对芦苇生态特征影响的重要性排序为地下水埋深土壤水分钠吸附比全盐HCO-3pH值Cl-/SO2-4。综合水盐要素,水分对芦苇生态特征的影响大于盐分。 相似文献