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61.
悬浮培养红豆杉细胞活力及存活率与生长周期的关系 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
用TTC法制定红豆杉细胞活力,用中性红测细胞存活率,探讨生长周期中细胞活力及存活率的变化规律。结果显示延迟期细胞活力最强,对数生长期活力较低,稳定期活力最低;而细胞存活率在整个周期中基本保持在70%-80%。 相似文献
62.
63.
David JR Araripe LO Chakir M Legout H Lemos B Pétavy G Rohmer C Joly D Moreteau B 《Journal of evolutionary biology》2005,18(4):838-846
The thermal range for viability is quite variable among Drosophila species and it has long been known that these variations are correlated with geographic distribution: temperate species are on average more cold tolerant but more heat sensitive than tropical species. At both ends of their viability range, sterile males have been observed in all species investigated so far. This symmetrical phenomenon restricts the temperature limits within which permanent cultures can be kept in the laboratory. Thermal heat sterility thresholds are very variable across species from 23 degrees C in heat sensitive species up to 31 degrees C in heat tolerant species. In Drosophila melanogaster, genetic variations are observed among geographic populations. Tropical populations are more tolerant to heat induced sterility and recover more rapidly than temperate ones. A genetic analysis revealed that about 50% of the difference observed between natural populations was due to the Y chromosome. Natural populations have not reached a selection limit, however: thermal tolerance was still increased by keeping strains at a high temperature, close to the sterility threshold. On the low temperature side, a symmetrical reverse phenomenon seems to exist: temperate populations are more tolerant to cold than tropical ones. Compared to Mammals, drosophilids exhibit two major differences: first, male sterility occurs not only at high temperature, but also at a low temperature; second, sterility thresholds are not evolutionarily constrained, but highly variable. Altogether, significant and sometimes major genetic variations have been observed between species, between geographic races of the same species, and even between strains kept in the laboratory under different thermal regimes. In each case, it is easily argued that the observed variations correspond to adaptations to climatic conditions, and that male sterility is a significant component of fitness and a target of natural selection. 相似文献
64.
为研究利用存活比、影响种子贮藏寿命和生活力的主要贮藏环境因子来预测高粱、苋属、甜荞麦和莴苣种子批的寿命和生活力,3个含水量水平的高粱和苋属的8个种子批被贮藏在20℃、30℃和40℃的贮藏温度下长达810 d。以概率回归和存活比线性回归方法,贮藏试验获得的高粱、苋属及文献报道的甜荞麦、莴苣种子批的发芽率和贮藏时间的成套数据,被用于估算不同种子批的平均贮藏寿命(p50)和种子死亡时间分布的标准差(σ),同时两种回归方程的拟合性也被比较;两种方法估算出的p50和σ则分别被用于对贮藏环境因子:贮藏温度(t)及其平方、种子含水量(m)及其对数(logm)以及t和m的交互作用(t×m和t×logm)作逐步回归分析,结果表明,用存活比来估算p50、σ是可行的,而且估算出的p50和σ较用概率估算的有统计学意义;贮藏温度和种子含水量的交互作用(t×m)是使4类作物种子快速丧失生活力,减少寿命的主要贮藏环境因子,包含这个因子和存活比的数学模型:G i/G0=A-p/10K-CWT(t×m),预测甜荞麦种子批的发芽率较V i=K i-p/10K-CWT(t×m)有更高的准确性;所以,建议用前者来预测初始发芽率是已知的种子的贮藏寿命和生活力,而用后者预测初始发芽率未被测定的种子的寿命和生活力。 相似文献
65.
The beta-amyloid peptide of Alzheimer's disease decreases adhesion of vascular smooth muscle cells to the basement membrane 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mok SS Losic D Barrow CJ Turner BJ Masters CL Martin LL Small DH 《Journal of neurochemistry》2006,96(1):53-64
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a major feature of Alzheimer's disease pathology. In CAA, degeneration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) occurs close to regions of the basement membrane where the amyloid protein (Abeta) builds up. In this study, the possibility that Abeta disrupts adhesive interactions between VSMCs and the basement membrane was examined. VSMCs were cultured on a commercial basement membrane substrate (Matrigel). The presence of Abeta in the Matrigel decreased cell-substrate adhesion and cell viability. Full-length oligomeric Abeta was required for the effect, as N- and C-terminally truncated peptide analogues did not inhibit adhesion. Abeta that was fluorescently labelled at the N-terminus (fluo-Abeta) bound to Matrigel as well as to the basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) perlecan and laminin. Adhesion of VSMCs to perlecan or laminin was decreased by Abeta. As perlecan influences VSMC viability through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signalling pathway, the effect of Abeta1-40 on ERK1/2 phosphorylation was examined. The level of phospho-ERK1/2 was decreased in cells following Abeta treatment. An inhibitor of ERK1/2 phosphorylation enhanced the effect of Abeta on cell adhesion. The studies suggest that Abeta can decrease VSMC viability by disrupting VSMC-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. 相似文献
66.
67.
七叶树花粉活力和柱头可授性变化的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用花粉离体萌发法研究不同蔗糖浓度、硼酸浓度和不同温度对七叶树花粉萌发的影响及花粉活力测定,用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性.结果表明:七叶树花粉萌发的最佳培养基是12%蔗糖+30 mg/L硼酸,花粉萌发的最适温度为25℃.雄花在开花当天花粉活力最高达75.69%,并在开花当天的上午10:00时,花粉活力最强,10:00~16:00花粉活力保持较高活力,是最佳授粉时段.两性花的柱头可授期持续时间较长,为8~9 d,开花3d达到最强,开花1~4 d柱头可授性保持较高水平,为授粉的最佳时间段.因此,从七叶树的花部特征、花粉活力与柱头可授性及花粉萌发的条件看,在长期的自然选择下七叶树在花部结构和开花生理上都是相配合的,以保障生殖成功. 相似文献
68.
【目的】深入了解针垫花(Leucospermum cordifolium)的开花结实特性,探求其结实率低的原因,推动其种子生产、杂交育种、花期调控以及新品种培育工作。【方法】本文以针垫花(Leucospermum cordifolium)为主要材料,对其开花物候、花部特征、花粉活力、柱头可授性、杂交指数、授粉结实特性进行研究。【结果】1)针垫花的花期一般在冬末、早春至夏季;2)最适合测定其花粉活力的离体萌发培养基为30g/L蔗糖+150mg/L硼酸+50mg/L氯化钙,花粉活力为67.47%;3)在开花第1-7d柱头可授性逐渐加强,第5-7d的时最为强烈;杂交指数估算结果表明针垫花部分自交亲和,异交,需要传粉者;4)田间观测发现其在自然状态下结实率较低,但可以自发完成授粉,不存在无融合生殖现象;5)人工授粉试验发现针垫花异株异花授粉的结实率最高,为17.14%,而自花授粉的结实率最低,为4.94%。【结论】针垫花的雌雄蕊异熟是导致其自然结实率低的原因之一,而雌蕊花柱中及子房部位的胼胝质、花粉萌发后花粉管顶端膨大畸形是造成其结实率低的重要原因。 相似文献
69.
长江江豚种群生存力分析 总被引:33,自引:5,他引:28
长江江豚是一个独立的种群,由于人类活动的影响,其数量呈下降的趋势,运用漩涡模型(VORTEX7.3)分析了长江江豚的种群生存力,预测了未来100a长江江豚的种群动态,比较了在假设环境条件下以及采取和不采取保护措施长江江豚种群的濒危程度,并模拟了江豚饲养群体的动态,主要结果显示,长江江豚在未来100a内灭绝的概率为0.01平均灭绝时间为100a,如长江环境状况进一步恶化,长江江豚的灭绝概率针大幅度提 相似文献
70.
ALAN R. WELLBURN 《The New phytologist》1998,139(1):5-9
Air quality thresholds for O3 for the protection of human health and vegetation set by the European Union (EU) have been exceeded in Europe regularly in the 1990s. Because target reductions for oxides of nitrogen (NOx ) set for the year 2000 are unlikely to be achieved, these O3 exceedances are likely to continue into the next millenium. Improvements of plant tolerance towards O3 are being investigated but very little work has been done to explore NOx tolerance and plant acclimation to NO2 and NO. However, it is clear that within the populations of some plant species there is wide variation, and some individuals can fix NOx and use the nitrogen directly from the atmosphere, rather than rely upon, for example, root uptake of nitrate. It is possible that individuals capable of fixing NOx could be selected for a range of species, and genotypes with high rates of uptake could be of value as crops or for forestation in polluted areas (e.g. landscaping in the vicinity of motorways) to reduce tropospheric concentrations of NOx significantly and also to decrease the potential for O3 production. 相似文献