全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2427篇 |
免费 | 203篇 |
国内免费 | 52篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 27篇 |
2022年 | 35篇 |
2021年 | 41篇 |
2020年 | 54篇 |
2019年 | 54篇 |
2018年 | 66篇 |
2017年 | 58篇 |
2016年 | 51篇 |
2015年 | 62篇 |
2014年 | 81篇 |
2013年 | 119篇 |
2012年 | 54篇 |
2011年 | 138篇 |
2010年 | 121篇 |
2009年 | 153篇 |
2008年 | 113篇 |
2007年 | 146篇 |
2006年 | 143篇 |
2005年 | 139篇 |
2004年 | 153篇 |
2003年 | 75篇 |
2002年 | 134篇 |
2001年 | 59篇 |
2000年 | 42篇 |
1999年 | 44篇 |
1998年 | 77篇 |
1997年 | 31篇 |
1996年 | 51篇 |
1995年 | 72篇 |
1994年 | 28篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 22篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 8篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有2682条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
51.
Two ruthenium(II) complexes with polypyridyl, Ru(bipy)2(phen)](ClO4)2·H2O (1) and [Ru(bipy)2(Me-phen)](ClO4)2 (2), (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine, Me-phen = 5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline), were synthesized and characterized by IR, MS and NMR spectra. Their structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The strong steric interaction between the polypyridyl ligands was relieved neither by the elongation of the Ru---N bonds nor increase of the N---Ru---N bite angles. The coordination sphere was distorted to relieve the ligand interaction by forming specific angles (δ) between the polypyridyl ligand planes and coordination planes (N---Ru---N), and forming larger twisted angles between the two pyridine rings for each bipy. The bond distances of Ru---N(bipy) and Ru---N(phen) were virtually identical with experimental error, as expected of π back-bonding interactions which statistically involve each of the ligands present in the coordination sphere. 相似文献
52.
V. Sreenivasa Reddy Kattesh V. Katti Charles L. Barnes 《Inorganica chimica acta》1995,240(1-2):367-370
The water-soluble bisphosphine, 1,2-bis(bis(hydroxymethyl)phosphino)ethane (1), was synthesized in near quantitative yield by the reaction of bisphosphine, H2PCH2CH2PH2, with an aqueous formaldehyde in the presence of K2PtCl4. The reaction of this water-soluble bisphosphine 1 with cis-Pt(COD)Cl2 affords the mononuclear bischelate complex, [Pt{(HOH2C)2PCH2CH2P(CH2OH)2}2](Cl)2 (2), in near quantitative yield. The new ligand and complex have been characterized spectroscopically and the structure of the metal complex, 2, was determined by X-ray crystallography. The Pt(II) complex 2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca(a=14.623(1), B=16.216(2), C=9.319(4) Å) with Z=4. The final R value is 0.024. 相似文献
53.
54.
Masahiko Maekawa Megumu Munakata Takayoshi Kuroda-Sowa Koji Hachiya 《Inorganica chimica acta》1995,230(1-2):249-252
A novel hexanickel(II) complex [Ni6(NCCHCH2CH2CHCN)6] (2) with 1,4-dicyanobutane-1,4-diyl (L) which was produced by the metal-induced dimerization of acrylonitrile (AN) has been isolated and the structure has been determined crystallographically. Complex 2 is triclinic, space group . Each nickel atom is coordinated by two carbon atoms of L and two nitrogen atoms of the cyano group of two other L, providing a square-plenar geometry. The six nickel atoms are bridged by the cyano group and carbon atom to form the slightly distorted octahedral Ni6 core. 相似文献
55.
The effects of recreated instream and ecotone structures on the fish fauna of an epipotamal river 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0
Investigations of fifteen sections of seven Austrian epipotamal (barbel region) streams between 1981 and 1984 demonstrate the impact of instream river bed structures on fish communities. Reduced spatial heterogeneity due to river straightening resulted in decreasing species number, diversity, stock density and biomass. Reincreased variability of the river bed in the frame of a subsequent restructuring project improved all community-specific values significantly within a 3-year investigation period (1988–1990). Besides the regained habitat variability in form of riffle pool sequences and other instream structures, the newly created riparian zones obviously provided important niches, e.g. as refuge areas during flooding and as nursery grounds for fish fry. The positive effects of the recreated land/water ecotone are discussed with respect to river restoration projects. 相似文献
56.
John F Kalaska Stephen H Scott Paul Cisek Lauren E Sergio 《Current opinion in neurobiology》1997,7(6):849-859
Recent studies provide further support for the hypothesis that spatial representations of limb position, target locations, and potential motor actions are expressed in the neuronal activity in parietal cortex. In contrast, precentral cortical activity more strongly expresses processes involved in the selection and execution of motor actions. As a general conceptual framework, these processes may be interpreted in terms of such formalisms as sensorimotor transformation and ‘internal models’. 相似文献
57.
鳞木目小孢子叶球山西鳞孢穗(新种)的解剖特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
描述了山西太原西山煤田太原组7号煤层煤核中一种鳞木目的小孢子叶球——山西鳞孢穗(新种)(Lepidostrobusshanxiense sp. nov.)。其主要特征是:孢子叶球较小,长3.5 cm 以上,直径1.6~1.8 cm 。轴具管状中柱,孢子叶螺旋状着生于轴上。孢子叶柄长6~7 m m ,远端叶片长1.2 cm 以上。孢子叶柄具翅,翅长2~2.5 m m 。小孢子囊可能呈袋形,长与孢子叶柄相近,宽约4.5 m m ,高2~3 m m ,以其长度的约2/3着生于孢子叶柄的腹面上。成熟的孢子囊壁仅由一层柱状细胞构成。小孢子直径68~77 μm ,具三缝,远极面具短刺 相似文献
58.
大鼠中脑腹侧被盖区在睡眠-觉醒调节中的作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本实验在31只清醒自由行动的雄性SD大鼠进行。结果如下:(1)双侧中脑腹侧被盖区(VTA)微量注射3.3nmol溴隐亭后第2—3h觉醒时间显著增加(P<0.01);6.6nmol溴隐亭有类似效果;0.66和1.33nmol溴隐亭无明显作用。(2)同样方法VTA微量注射2nmol和4nmolSCH23390后第2—3h觉醒时间明显减少(分别为P<0.01和P<0.05),但注射3.4nmol舒必利则无效。(3)红藻氨酸(0.3μg)双侧VTA注后一周,大鼠白天觉醒减少,夜间无明显变化。以上结果表明溴隐亭微量注射到VTA可能通过D1受体使多巴胺神经元活动增加而产生致觉醒作用;另外VTA中DA神经元对于维持日间的觉醒可能有紧张性作用。 相似文献
59.
The spectrum of lectin binding sites as it emerges during embryonic development of Drosophila was analysed by means of fluorescein-labelled lectins. As development and morphogenesis proceed, the reaction pattern becomes more and more complex. Mannose/glucose-, mannose-, N-acetylglucosamine- and poly-N-ace-tylglucosamine-specific lectins bind ubiquitously. Nuclear envelopes only have binding sites for wheat germ agglutinin. N-acetylgalactosamine-binding lectins are specific for ectodermal derivatives. Ga-3-N-acetylgalac-tosamine-binding lectins are highly selective markers for neural structures, haemocytes and Garland cells. It is also shown that Drosophila laminin is differentially glycosylated. The possible implications of differential and germ layer-specific glycosylation are discussed.Dedicated to the memory of Jan Callaerts 相似文献
60.
Characterization of a quaternary-structured folding intermediate of an antibody Fab-fragment. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
H. Lilie R. Jaenicke J. Buchner 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》1995,4(5):917-924
Antibody folding is a complex process comprising folding and association reactions. Although it is usually difficult to characterize kinetic folding intermediates, in the case of the antibody Fab fragment, domain-domain interactions lead to a rate-limiting step of folding, thus accumulating folding intermediates at a late step of folding. Here, we analyzed a late folding intermediate of the Fab fragment of the monoclonal antibody MAK 33 from mouse (kappa/IgG1). As a strategy for accumulation of this intermediate we used partial denaturation of the native Fab by guanidinium chloride. This denaturation intermediate, which can be populated to about 90%, is indistinguishable from a late-folding intermediate with respect to denaturation and renaturation kinetics. The spectroscopic analysis reveals a native-like secondary structure of this intermediate with aromatic side chains only slightly more solvent exposed than in the native state. The respective partner domains are weekly associated. From these data we conclude that the intramolecular association of the two chains during folding, with all domains in a native-like structure, follows a two-step mechanism. In this mechanism, presumably hydrophobic interactions are followed by rearrangements leading to the exact complementarity of the contact sites of the respective domains. 相似文献