全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7673篇 |
免费 | 560篇 |
国内免费 | 1205篇 |
专业分类
9438篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 88篇 |
2023年 | 484篇 |
2022年 | 343篇 |
2021年 | 419篇 |
2020年 | 538篇 |
2019年 | 669篇 |
2018年 | 631篇 |
2017年 | 478篇 |
2016年 | 551篇 |
2015年 | 342篇 |
2014年 | 598篇 |
2013年 | 1158篇 |
2012年 | 168篇 |
2011年 | 204篇 |
2010年 | 226篇 |
2009年 | 180篇 |
2008年 | 202篇 |
2007年 | 206篇 |
2006年 | 204篇 |
2005年 | 214篇 |
2004年 | 189篇 |
2003年 | 167篇 |
2002年 | 117篇 |
2001年 | 109篇 |
2000年 | 117篇 |
1999年 | 98篇 |
1998年 | 79篇 |
1997年 | 56篇 |
1996年 | 61篇 |
1995年 | 44篇 |
1994年 | 48篇 |
1993年 | 33篇 |
1992年 | 49篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 34篇 |
1989年 | 42篇 |
1988年 | 18篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 31篇 |
1984年 | 36篇 |
1983年 | 25篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 20篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 18篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有9438条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
61.
人工樟子松—差不嗄蒿植被及其固沙作用 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
植物固沙是整治沙漠和沙漠化土地的一种有效措施。人工植被的建立是植物固沙的必然结果。人工植被的演替、稳定性及其对环境的影响直接关系到流沙的固定程度。因此,本文旨在探讨人工樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. 相似文献
62.
Saline meadows in Goshen Bay, Utah County, Utah, USA, occur interspersed among large areas of salt playa. Springs irrigate these meadows which show concentric vegetational zones surrounding each spring. Each vegetational zone demonstrates its own unique dominant vascular plant species. The central zone is dominated primarily by Scirpus americanus, the middle zone by Eleocharis palustris and the outer zone by Juncus balticus, Distichlis spicata and Muhlenbergia asperifolia. As distance increases from the springs, pH and soluble salt concentration increase, while percent organic matter, percent moisture and phosphorus decrease. With the increase in salt levels and decrease in water levels, halophytic plant species generally increase with distance from the springs. 相似文献
63.
Summary Transverse sections of leaves of some aluminium-accumulating and nonaccumulating species of the cerrado vegetation of central
Brazil were coloured using aluminon to identify the tissues where aluminium occurs or is deposited. None of the tissues of
the nonaccumulating species showed evidence of high concentrations of Al. All of the aluminium accumulating species showed
high concentrations of Al in all of the elements of the phloem of the midrib and the secondary veins and total absence of
it in the vessel members, xylem fibres and the palisade parenchyma. Walls and contents of the collenchyma of the midrib, epidermal
cells, guard cells of the stomata and spongy parenchyma showed evidence of high concentrations of Al in the accumulating species. 相似文献
64.
65.
Emmanuel A. Obot 《Plant Ecology》1986,68(2):67-70
The floristic composition of the macrophyte vegetation of Lake Kainji was investigated and compared with the vegetation of the river Niger before impoundment.Of 18 hydatophytes, 40 tenagophytes and 57 trichophytes listed for the Niger, 18 tenagophytes, 12 trichophytes and 7 hydatophytes were found growing in the lake 17 years after impoundment. Fourteen new tenagophytes, 3 new hydatophytes and 1 new trichophyte were recorded. The hydatophytes which were expected to colonize the lake are limited in number and range.The failure of the hydatophytes to colonize the lake, as predicted by Cook (1968), is discussed in relation to the inflow-to-volume ratio of the lake.Nomenclature follows Hutchinson & Dalziel (1952–1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa. 相似文献
66.
A careful analysis by 1H and 13C FT-NMR on the Cu(II) (L-histidine)2 complex was carried out which allows delineation of structure and dynamics in solution. A mixture of complexes was shown such that 24% of the Cu(II) (L-histidine)2 complex contains both histidines bound in the histaminelike way, while the remaining 76% contains one L-His molecule bound in the histaminelike way and the other L-His molecule bound in the glycinelike way. The motional correlation time and relevant features of the exchange process were also delineated. 相似文献
67.
C L Wood M S O'Dorisio L M Vassalo W B Malarkey T M O'Dorisio 《Regulatory peptides》1985,12(3):237-248
The vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) receptor was characterized on the GH3 rat pituitary tumor cell line using competitive binding studies with peptides having sequence homology with VIP. Further studies investigated receptor coupling to the adenylate cyclase complex by measurement of cAMP levels. Finally, the molecular weight of the receptor was estimated by affinity labeling techniques. Studies using 125I-VIP and unlabeled competing peptides revealed a single class of high affinity binding sites with a dissociation constant (KD) of 17 +/- 2 nM (mean +/- S.E.M.) for VIP, 275 +/- 46 nM for peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), and 1380 +/- 800 nM for human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (GHRF). VIP and PHI each stimulated intracellular cAMP accumulation in a dose-dependent manner; both peptides demonstrated synergism with forskolin. In contrast, GHRF neither stimulated accumulation of cAMP nor demonstrated synergism with forskolin. VIP plus PHI (1 microM each) caused no significant increase in cAMP over either VIP or PHI alone, implying that the two peptides act through the same receptor. Covalent crosslinking of 125I-VIP to its binding site using either disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) or ethylene glycol bis(succinimidyl succinate) (EGS) was followed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. The result is consistent with an Mr 47 000 VIP-binding subunit comprising or being associated with the VIP receptor of GH3 pituitary tumor cells. 相似文献
68.
The vegetation succession on the dunes near Oostvoorne, The Netherlands has been followed by means of a novel combination of repeated large-scale vegetation mapping and air photograph interpretation. Vegetation units have been discerned on the formation level because these could be distinguished fairly easily on the photographs and because the rates of change are appropriate to the time interval chosen. Nineteen formations were distinguished. Five 1:6250 maps were constructed, reflecting the formation pattern in 1934, 1943, 1959, 1972 and 1980. An overlay with 2736 grid points at 25 m field distance was used to quantify changes in the formation pattern.The results suggest a pronounced multiple pathway succession with nevertheless three principal trajectories of succession from pioneer to woodland vegetation. The outer dunes, which have originated since 1910, are distinct in successional characteristics from the inner dunes, which already existed but were released from heavy grazing pressure in 1910. The rate of change in the outer dunes was high in the beginning and is slowly decreasing eversince. In the inner dunes it went the other way around. Through visual extrapolation the likely formation patterns in 1910 and in 2000 were estimated.Transition frequencies proved highly variable for most formations. Moreover, strong spatial dependence was found. Limitations in the use of Markov models in cases of long-term succession in heterogeneous environments are discussed.Nomenclature follows the same sources as in van der Maarel et al. (1984).Field work carried out 1980–1981 when the authors were at the Division of Geobotany, University of Nijmegen. We thank Jos Rijntjes, Nijmegen, for his cooperation in the field. Vegetation maps were prepared and calculations performed at Uppsala. We thank the Foundation Het Zuid-Hollands Landschap, Rotterdam, for providing facilities and a grant for fieldwork as well as additional means to reproduce the vegetation maps. Two reviewers gave useful comments. 相似文献
69.
Abstract. 1. Collards (Brassica oleracea L.) grown in clumps were more difficult for unstarved, early instar cabbage white caterpillars (Pieris rapae L.) to find than collards spaced at regular intervals, although total plant densities were identical.
2. Early instar, unstarved larvae are less mobile than later instar larvae (our data) or starved larvae (Jones' 1977 data).
3. Starved larvae and late instar larvae tend to find plants more readily than do unstarved or younger larvae.
4. We contend that larval mobility governs the success of searching caterpillars and their sensitivity to variations in plant dispersion.
5. Our results show that the dispersion of targets can influence searching success even though target density is constant. This means that the degree of clumping in host plants is capable of influencing their availability to herbivores. 相似文献
2. Early instar, unstarved larvae are less mobile than later instar larvae (our data) or starved larvae (Jones' 1977 data).
3. Starved larvae and late instar larvae tend to find plants more readily than do unstarved or younger larvae.
4. We contend that larval mobility governs the success of searching caterpillars and their sensitivity to variations in plant dispersion.
5. Our results show that the dispersion of targets can influence searching success even though target density is constant. This means that the degree of clumping in host plants is capable of influencing their availability to herbivores. 相似文献
70.
THE FLORA AND VEGETATION OF BRITAIN: ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
C.D. PIGOTT 《The New phytologist》1984,98(1):119-128