黄淮麦区重要小麦品种和种质资源材料的抗条锈性评价

采用苗期分小种和成株期混合优势小种法测定了黄淮麦区227份小麦品种和种质材料对小麦条锈菌的抗病性,结果表明,被测品种在苗期对4个条锈菌生理小种的抗病性有很大的差异,抗条中27、30、31、29号小种的品种分别占被测品种总数的93．00%、72．69%、64．76%和61．67%。成株期用6个菌株混合接种测定选出抗病品种76个,占33．48％,其中免疫的为40个,占17．62%。通过对227份小麦品种资源材料的苗期分小种鉴定及与成株期混合优势小种鉴定结果比较,筛选出了成株期和苗期均抗病的品种48个,占被测品种总数的21．14％;成株期抗病苗期感病的品种30个,占被测品种总数的13．22％。     

我国北方植被指数对土壤湿度的敏感性分析

土壤湿度对植被指数起着重要的作用。利用NOAA-AVHRR数据中的植被指数(NDVI)和我国气象台站所监测的土壤湿度数据,对我国北方地区的NDVI与土壤湿度的关系进行了研究。结果表明,近18年来,北方地区土壤湿度不同区域其变化趋势存在差异,西北地区土壤湿度在增加,而华北和东北地区土壤湿度在下降。NDVI对土壤湿度的响应也存在着明显的区域差异,我国西北地区植被对土壤湿度的敏感性最强,其次是华北地区,敏感性弱的是东北地区;对于不同层次的土壤湿度,也表现为同样的区域特点。但随着土壤深度的增加,敏感性减弱。这种敏感性也表现在不同季节变化上,春季华北地区土壤湿度对植被指数影响较大,其次是西北和东北地区,夏季和秋季北方地区土壤湿度与植被指数都有较好的相关性,以西北地区的相关系数最大,而冬季北方地区植被指数对土壤湿度都不敏感。     

Screening of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</Emphasis> wine strains for the production of acetic acid

In this study 80 wine strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were characterized for the production of acetic acid. A significant variability in the production levels was determined among the strains, which produced from a few mg/l to more than 1 g/l. Fifteen strains, differing in acetic acid production, were tested in fermentation of grape musts of different varieties (Aglianico Basilicata, Aglianico Apulia, Cannonau, Bombino nero, Nero d'Avola, Vermentino, Fiano). The results emphasized a great strain variability, but the best strain behaviour was strictly related to the must composition, which is a determinant factor on the expression of the best strain potentiality. Therefore, this study, confirming the high/low production of acetic acid as a strain characteristic, demonstrated also that the inoculated fermentation becomes more advantageous when the starter culture is chosen in relation to the interaction of yeast strain/vine variety.     

黑龙江省西部乌拉尔甘草总黄酮含量的动态变化研究

采用超声提取和分光光度法对黑龙江省西部地区乌拉尔甘草不同部位的总黄酮含量进行测定,并对其季节变化进行了分析,研究结果表明:采用50%甲醇溶液提取,超声45 min对甘草总黄酮提取效果较好,适于进行大批量样品的提取测定.无论是野生甘草还是栽培甘草,在一个生长季中,叶的总黄酮含量最高,而地下部分含量则相对较低.在5～10月期间,叶的总黄酮含量逐渐下降,而地下部分总黄酮含量如根和根茎具有上升的趋势.甘草各部位总黄酮含量在不同生长季存在波动现象,尤其在具有运输功能的部位如复叶柄、地上茎表现更为明显.野生甘草不同部位的总黄酮含量的波动可能与有性繁殖有关,而栽培甘草的总黄酮含量的波动可能与无性生殖有关.     

试用灰色局势决策原理综合评价大豆新品种

根据灰色局势决策原理,利用目标赋权获得加权局势决策方法,对1996—1997年山东省大豆新品种区域试验结果进行分析,综合14个主要性状指标,排出各个品种的优劣,结果与生产实际一致。认为这是一种较全面、较合理的综合评价大豆品种优劣的方法。     

湖北的主要板栗品种资源及其野生近缘种

在实地调查及引种观察的基础上 ,对湖北 1 2个主要地方板栗品种的经济性状进行比较 ,并对其中的 6个主栽优良大果形品种作较详细的描述。此外 ,对湖北境内的野生板栗 ( Castanea mollissima Bl.) ,茅栗 ( C. se-quinii Dode) ,锥栗 ( C.henryi Rehd.& Wils)的特性及利用价值进行评价 ,首次报道了一种适合于嫁接栽培板栗的茅栗居群。     

ROLE OF RICE VOLATILES IN THE FORAGING BEHAVIOUR OF CYRTORHINUS LIVIDIPENNIS REUTER

Abstract Experiments were conducted in laboratory to study the impacts of rice genotypes and nitrogen levels on the preference of the egg predator, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis , for eggs of brown planthopper(BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), and their relation to the rice volatiles. In two-choice tests, the female predators showed different preference for BPH eggs on different rice genotypes, but not for BPH eggs on rice plants treated with different levels of nitrogen. The olfactory response test revealed that more predator oriented to the odour from healthy rice plants compared with the plain air (control); the predator preferred BPH nymph-damaged plants to healthy plants, and BPH female adult-damaged plants to BPH nymph-damaged plants. The comparative studies between rice genotypes and nitrogen levels indicated that there were obvious differences in attractiveness to the predator between rice genotypes, while there was no significant difference between rice plants treated with different levels of nitrogen. The results showed that rice volatiles played an important role in mediating the foraging behaviour of C. lividipennis . Implications for augmenting the effectiveness of natural enemies by adjusting rice attributes and cultural practices are discussed.     

湖北省玉米地方品种的因子分析

对188份湖北省玉米地方品种的23个性状进行了因子分析,结果前7个公因子对变异的累计贡献率达79.9%。因子分析表明,7个独立的公因子较真实地反映了所支配的23个性状及其相互关系。 Abstract:Factor analysis was performed for 23 traits of 188 local varieties of Maize(Zea mays L.)in Hubei Province.The results indicated that the contributive rate of the first seven factors to total variation of population studied accounts for over 79.9%.Factor analysis showed that the seven independent factors may more truly reflecte the 23 traits and their relationship.     

Effect of potassium nutrition of rice on rhizosphere redox status

With four soils differing in K supplying power and with four rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) differing in K uptake kinetic parameters, the relationship between K fertilizer application and soil redox status in rhizosphere and; the distribution of ferrous iron and other toxic substances on the root surface and in the rhizosphere; and the effect of K supply on uptake of reduced iron by rice plants have been studied.The results show that K application on K-deficient soils reduced the content of active reducing substances and ferrous iron in the soil, raised the soil redox potential in the rhizosphere, increased the Eh value of rice roots and lowered the content of iron in the rice plants. These effects of K varied with different rice cultivars. When no K fertilizer was applied, active reducing substances and ferrous iron in rhizosphere soils were decreased more by the rice cultivars absorbing K strongly (e.g. Shanyou 64) than by cultivars absorbing K weakly (e.g. Zhongguo 91). Therefore, the diminution of the toxic substances by K application in the weakly K-absorbing cultivars was more significant.The observation of a rhizobox separated by a nylon screen showed that appreciably more iron oxides, compared with the control, were deposited at or adjacent to the root surfaces of the rice plant supplied with K fertilizer, fully demonstrating the relationship between K nutrition and the total oxidizing power of rice plants. According to the distribution of active reducing substances and ferrous iron, the oxidizing range of the rice root extended in K application treatment a few centimeters away from the root plane. K application to rice affected the soil redox status in rhizosphere in many ways. The main effect was an increase of the oxidizing power of the rice root. As a result, the value of soil Eh was increased, the contents of active reducing substances and ferrous iron were lowered, as well as the number of oxygen consuming microorganisms.