林分密度对云顶山柏木人工林林下植物优势种群生态位的影响

柏木(Cupressus funebris)人工林是川中盆地森林主要类型,林下植物是森林生态系统重要组成部分。该研究采取典型抽样法,调查分析云顶山柏木人工林现存密度[1 100株·hm^-2(A)、950株·hm^-2(B)、800株·hm^-2(C)、650株·hm^-2(D)、500株·hm^-2(E)]的林下灌、草优势种群Shannon生态位宽度(B_sw)、Levins生态位重叠值(O_ik)以及生态位宽度和重叠均值与环境因子的相关性,从生态位特征探究林下植物优势种群对不同林分密度的响应,明确相对适宜的林分密度,分析不同林分密度柏木人工林林下植物种间、群落与环境的关系,筛选出现存相对最优林分密度,为柏木人工林林下植物多样性保育和森林经营措施提供理论支撑。结果表明：(1)研究区共有草本植物38科72属94种,灌木42科65属99种,物种数量随柏木密度的减小呈先增后减的趋势,且在柏木密度为650株·hm^-2时达到峰值。(2...     

尿铜蓝蛋白、肾损伤因子1与糖尿病肾病患者肾功能的关系及对预后不良的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：探讨尿铜蓝蛋白（CP）、肾损伤因子1（KIM-1）与糖尿病肾病（DKD）患者肾功能的关系及对预后不良的预测价值。方法：回顾性分析2017年1月～2019年1月陆军第八十二集团军医院肾内科收治的160例DKD患者（DKD组）的临床资料,随访3年,根据是否发展为终末期肾脏疾病（ESRD）分为预后不良组42例和预后良好组118例,另选取同期56例单纯2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者作为T2DM组和47例体检健康者作为对照组。采用微量法和酶联免疫吸附试验法检测尿CP、KIM-1水平,并计算尿白蛋白/肌酐比值（UACR）和估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）。通过Spearman相关性分析DKD患者尿CP、KIM-1与UACR、eGFR的相关性,单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析DKD患者预后不良的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析尿CP、KIM-1对DKD患者预后不良的预测价值。结果：随访3年,160例DKD患者有42例发展为ESRD,预后不良发生率为26.25％（42/160）。DKD组尿CP、KIM-1、UACR高于T2DM组、对照组,eGFR低于T2DM组、对照组（P＜0.05）;T2DM组尿CP、KIM-1、UACR高于对照组,eGFR低于对照组（P＜0.05）。Spearman相关性分析显示,DKD患者尿CP、KIM-1与UACR呈正相关（P均＜0.001）,与eGFR呈负相关（P均＜0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高血压、DKD分期4期和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）（较高）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）（较高）、UACR（较高）、尿CP（较高）、尿KIM-1（较高）为DKD患者预后不良的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）,eGFR（较高）为独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,尿CP、KIM-1联合预测DKD患者预后不良的曲线下面积大于各指标单独预测。结论：DKD患者尿CP、KIM-1升高与肾功能降低和预后不良密切相关,尿CP、KIM-1联合预测DKD患者预后不良的价值较高。     

岱海流域土地利用动态模拟及生态系统服务价值测算

北方内陆湖泊面积萎缩严重,岱海作为典型的内陆湖之一,其面积变化尤为显著.为研究岱海湖面积变化及岱海流域生态系统服务价值(Esv)的动态趋势,本研究运用CA-Markov模型,基于1989-2018年6期的土地利用数据,预测2026年的土地利用状况,并采用当量因子法,对岱海流域ESV进行评估.结果 表明:岱海湖若不进行生...     

术前TFF1、HSP70、ASPH与原发性肝癌患者手术切除术后早期复发的关系研究

摘要 目的：研究术前三叶因子1（TFF1）、热休克蛋白70（HSP70）、天冬氨酸-天冬酰胺β羟化酶（ASPH）与原发性肝癌（PHC）患者手术切除术后早期复发的关系。方法：选取2018年1月～2019年12月我院收治的83例PHC患者,均行手术切除治疗,术后均随访2年,根据是否复发分为复发组49例以及未复发组34例。比较两组术前TFF1、HSP70、ASPH水平差异,收集患者基线资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析PHC患者手术切除术后早期复发的危险因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析术前TFF1、HSP70、ASPH水平预测PHC患者手术切除术后早期复发的效能。结果：复发组术前TFF1、HSP70、ASPH水平均高于未复发组（P＜0.05）。复发组肿瘤直径≥5 cm、肿瘤数目为多发、有血管侵犯的患者比例高于未复发组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：肿瘤直径≥5 cm、多发肿瘤、血管侵犯及术前TFF1、HSP70、ASPH高水平是PHC患者手术切除术后早期复发的危险因素（均OR＞1,P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示：术前TFF1、HSP70、ASPH联合检测预测PHC患者手术切除术后早期复发的曲线下面积为0.815,明显高于上述三项指标单独检测的0.704、0.713、0.707。结论：术前TFF1、HSP70、ASPH与PHC患者手术切除术后早期复发密切相关,联合检测三项指标水平可能有助于预测PHC患者手术切除术后早期复发。     

术前预后营养指数和血清转铁蛋白与老年髋部骨折患者术后切口愈合的关系及其预测价值分析

摘要 目的：研究术前预后营养指数（PNI）和血清转铁蛋白（TRF）与老年髋部骨折（HF）患者术后切口愈合不良（PWH）的关系及其预测价值。方法：选取2020年1月～2022年3月南京市中医院收治的252例接受手术治疗老年HF患者,根据术后切口愈合情况分为PWH组（n=27）和非PWH组（n=225）。收集患者基础资料、术前PNI和血清TRF水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析老年HF患者术后PWH的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析PNI和血清TRF水平对老年HF患者术后PWH的预测价值。结果：252例老年HF患者术后出现27例PWH,其中24例切口长时间不愈合,3例切口裂开。与非PWH组比较,PWH组体质量指数（BMI）和白蛋白、淋巴细胞计数（LC）、PNI、血清TRF水平更低,糖尿病比例和术中出血量更高（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,BMI≥18.5 kg/m²（OR=0.648,95％CI：0.457～0.919）、PNI（OR=0.954,95％CI：0.932～0.976）、血清TRF（OR=0.484,95％CI：0.307～0.761）升高是老年HF患者术后PWH的保护因素,糖尿病（OR=2.651,95％CI：1.182～5.948）、术中出血量增加（OR=1.013,95％CI：1.005～1.021）是危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,PNI和血清TRF水平单独与联合预测老年HF患者术后PWH的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.808、0.770、0.871,灵敏度分别为70.37％、55.56％、92.59％,特异度分别为80.65％、85.81％、70.32％。二者联合预测老年HF患者术后PWH的AUC大于二者单独预测（P＜0.05）。结论：术前PNI和血清TRF水平降低是老年HF患者术后PWH的危险因素,二者联合对老年HF患者术后PWH的预测价值较高。     

Intraspecific genome size variation and morphological differentiation of Ranunculus parnassifolius (Ranunculaceae), an Alpine–Pyrenean–Cantabrian polyploid group

The aim of this study was to assess genome size variation and multivariate morphometric analyses to ascertain cytotype distribution patterns and the morphological differentiation within the Ranunculus parnassifolius group in the Pyrenees and the Alps. Although divergences in nuclear DNA content among different species within a genus are widely acknowledged, intraspecific variation is still a somewhat controversial issue. Holoploid and monoploid genome sizes (C‐ and Cx‐values) were determined using propidium iodide flow cytometry in 125 plants of R. parnassifolius s.l. distributed across four European countries. Three different DNA ploidy levels were revealed in the study area: diploid (2n ～ 2x, 57.14%), triploid (2n ～ 3x, 1.19%), and tetraploid (2n ～ 4x, 41.67%). The mean population 2C‐values ranged from 8.15 pg in diploids to 14.80 pg in tetraploids, representing a ratio of 1 : 1.8. Marked intraspecific/interpopulation differences in nuclear DNA content were found. Diploid populations prevail in the Pyrenees, although tetraploid cytotypes were reported throughout the distribution area. In general, mixed‐cytotype populations were not found. The Spearman correlation coefficient did not reveal significant correlations between genome size and altitude, longitude, or latitude. Morphometric analyses and cluster analyses based on genome size variation revealed the presence of three major groups, which exhibited a particular biogeographical pattern. A new cytotype, DNA triploid, was found for the first time. Tetraploid populations showed constant nuclear DNA levels, whereas diploid populations from the Pyrenees, in which introgressive hybridization is suggested as a presumable trigger for genome size variation, did not. Scenarios for the evolution of geographical parthenogenesis in R. parnassifolius s.l. are discussed. Finally, the different levels of effectiveness between plant and animal reference standards are analysed. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 101 , 251–271.     

Genome size dynamics in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae): following the track of polyploidy

Polyploidy is a key factor in the evolution of higher plants and plays an important role in the variation of plant genomes, leading to speciation in some cases. During polyploidisation, different balancing processes take place at the genomic level that can promote variation in nuclear DNA content. We estimated genome size using flow cytometry in 84 populations of 67 Artemisia species and one population of Crossostephium chinense. A total of 73 sequences of nrDNA ITS and 3′‐ETS were newly generated and analysed, together with previously published sequences, to address the evolution of genome size in a phylogenetic framework. Differences in 2C values were detected among some lineages, as well as an increase of genome size heterogeneity in subgenera whose phylogenetic relationships are still unclear. We confirmed that the increase in 2C values in Artemisia polyploids was not proportional to ploidy level, but 1Cx genome size tended to decrease significantly when high ploidy levels were reached. The results lead us to hypothesise that genome size in polyploids tends to a maximum as it follows saturation behaviour, in agreement with the Michaelis–Menten model. We tested different arithmetic functions with our dataset that corroborated a non‐linear relationship of genome size increase in polyploids, allowing us to suggest a theoretical upper limit for the DNA content of this genus.     

不同土地利用/覆被情景下生态系统减轻水库泥沙淤积的服务能力与经济价值模拟

以ArcGIS9.2为平台,构建了生态系统减轻水库泥沙淤积服务物质量和价值量评估模型.整合2000年的相关数据将此模型应用于二滩水库,并模拟了10种不同土地利用/覆被情景下集水区生态系统该项服务的能力和在水库使用年限内服务总价值的响应.结果表明:2000年,二滩水库集水区土壤保持量12.1亿t·a-1,高值区分布于雅砻江干流和支流水网附近.泥沙输移比在河道附近和水库周边较高.水库周边是最为主要的保沙区.水库使用年限内,集水区对于减轻二滩水库泥沙淤积服务总价值27.53亿元.集水区内不同结构类型的土地利用/覆被情景对保沙能力所产生的影响各异,模拟保沙量符合林地＞草地＞裸地＞农田规律,农田保沙能力最弱,是二滩水库最为主要的产沙源.     

Dual purpose microalgae-bacteria-based systems that treat wastewater and produce biodiesel and chemical products within a Biorefinery

Excess greenhouse gas emissions and the concomitant effect on global warming have become significant environmental, social and economic threats. In this context, the development of renewable, carbon-neutral and economically feasible biofuels is a driving force for innovation worldwide. A lot of effort has been put into developing biodiesel from microalgae. However, there are still a number of technological, market and policy barriers that are serious obstacles to the economic feasibility and competitiveness of such biofuels. Conversely, there are also a number of business opportunities if the production of such alternative biofuel becomes part of a larger integrated system following the Biorefinery strategy. In this case, other biofuels and chemical products of high added value are produced, contributing to an overall enhancement of the economic viability of the whole integrated system. Additionally, dual purpose microalgae-bacteria-based systems for treating wastewater and production of biofuels and chemical products significantly contribute to a substantial saving in the overall cost of microalgae biomass production. These types of systems could help to improve the competitiveness of biodiesel production from microalgae, according to some recent Life Cycle Analysis studies. Furthermore, they do not compete for fresh water resources for agricultural purposes and add value to treating the wastewater itself. This work reviews the most recent and relevant information about these types of dual purpose systems. Several aspects related to the treatment of municipal and animal wastewater with simultaneous recovery of microalgae with potential for biodiesel production are discussed. The use of pre-treated waste or anaerobic effluents from digested waste as nutrient additives for weak wastewater is reviewed. Isolation and screening of microalgae/cyanobacteria or their consortia from various wastewater streams, and studies related to population dynamics in mixed cultures, are highlighted as very relevant fields of research. The species selection may depend on various factors, such as the biomass and lipid productivity of each strain, the characteristics of the wastewater, the original habitat of the strain and the climatic conditions in the treatment plant, among others. Some alternative technologies aimed at harvesting biomass at a low cost, such as cell immobilization, biofilm formation, flocculation and bio-flocculation, are also reviewed. Finally, a Biorefinery design is presented that integrates the treatment of municipal wastewater with the recovery of oleaginous microalgae, together with the use of seawater supplemented with anaerobically digested piggery waste for cultivating Arthrospira (Spirulina) and producing biogas, biodiesel, hydrogen and other high added value products. Such strategies offer new opportunities for the cost-effective and competitive production of biofuels along with valuable non-fuel products.     

Ethanol from sugarcane in Brazil: a ‘midway’ strategy for increasing ethanol production while maximizing environmental benefits

This article reviews the history and current state of ethanol production from sugarcane in Brazil and presents a strategy for improving ecosystem services and production. We propose that it is possible to produce ethanol from sugarcane while maintaining or even recovering some of Brazil's unique neotropical biodiversity and ecosystem climate services. This approach to the future of sustainable and responsible ethanol production is termed the ‘midway’ strategy. The ‘midway’ strategy involves producing the necessary biotechnology to increase productivity while synergistically protecting and regenerating rainforest. Three main areas of scientific and technological advance that are key to realizing the ‘midway’ strategy are: (i) improving the quality of scientific data on sugarcane biology as pertains to its use as a bioenergy crop; (ii) developing technologies for the use of bagasse for cellulosic ethanol; and (iii) developing policies to improve the ecosystem services associated with sugarcane landscapes. This article discusses these three issues in the general context of biofuels production and highlights examples of scientific achievements that are already leading towards the ‘midway’ strategy.