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51.
B. Peco 《Plant Ecology》1989,83(1-2):269-276
Pasture vegetation in an open woodland of Quercus rotundifolia subjected to periodic ploughing was sampled in spring during 8 consecutive years. The frequency of herbaceous species was recorded in a total of 69 permanent plots located on 5 adjacent sites with similar lithology, slope and orientation but differing in age since previous ploughing.Vegetation dynamics expressed as trajectories of permanent plots in a non-metric multidimensional scaling space has been modelled in terms of evironmental variables. By fitting a generalized linear model, the dynamics are shown to be related to years since last ploughing, geographical location of plots, total annual rainfall and November rainfall. Meteorological patterns of the sampling period are also described.Abbreviations GLM =
Generalized Linear Model
- NMDS =
Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling
- UPGMA =
Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic Averages 相似文献
52.
Shiro Tsuyuzaki 《Ecological Research》1989,4(2):167-173
In 1987, a study on buried seed populations was conducted in the crater basin of Mt. Usu, a volcano located in northern Japan,
where the vegetation had beeen almost completely destroyed by eruptions in 1977 and 1978. The former vegetation had consisted
of grassland and broad-leaved forest. In the areas formerly occupied by this grassland and forest, 2128.0 and 1985.3 seeds
per square meter, respectively, were extracted from 12 blocks of the former topsoil using a floattion method. This revealed
that many seeds were still viable even after ten years of burial under thick volcanic deposits. The seeds were distributed
more in sandy soil than in rocky soil of the former topsoil. Twenty-five species, most of which favored grassland, were detected
in both the former grassland and forest. From comparison of α-and β-diversities between the grassland and forest, the structure
of the buried seed population was considered likely to have been more diverse in the forest than in the grassland. The determinants
of composition of the buried seed populations were discussed with reference to the former vegetation and soil characteristics. 相似文献
53.
The authors examined relationships between Kira's warmth index (WI) and four other important thermal indices: the sums of
daily mean temperatures above 5°C and 10°C, Thornthwaite's potential evapotranspiration (PE) and Holdridge's annual biotemperature.
The thermal records of 671 meteorological stations evenly located all over China were used to make these comparisons. Close
correlations were found within the four relationships, and accordingly WI was used to analyse the thermal distributions of
the main vegetation types. Vegetation types around the 671 stations were read from a vegetation map with a scale of 1/4000000.
Vegetation types at 269 stations corresponded to the natural or seminatural vegetation, and 29 vegetation types were distinguished
by arranging the 269 data into the same or similar types. The geographical distribution of these 29 types and the corresponding
main climatic features were described. The relations between WI and distribution of these vegetation types were discussed
in detail. As a result, WI values (°C month) corresponding to the vegetation zones could be summarized as follows: (1) arctic
or alpine vegetation zone: 0–15; (2) boreal or subalpine vegetation zone: 15-(50–55); (3) cool-temperate vegetation zone:
(50–55)–(80–90); (4) warm-temperate vegetation zone: (80–90)–(170–180). These values almost coincided with Kira's values.
Chinese postgraduate student in Japan sent by the Chinese Government. 相似文献
54.
Growth of Pyrola rotundifolia ssp. maritima in relation to shade 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
55.
Plant growth in the extremely arid southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt is supported by the torrential moisture stored in the subsurface layers of wadi-fill deposits. The space-time stratification of the soil moisture and corresponding adaptive stratification of root systems lead to the niche separation of the species. The survivorship of all studied plants except Zilla spinosa, has a low mortality at early and middle life, but a rapid change to high mortality at a later stage. Zilla spinosa shows the high juvenile and low adult mortality which related significantly to the population density. 相似文献
56.
Distribution and hydraulic significance of large woody debris in a lowland Australian river 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The line-intersect technique was used to measure the loading of large woody debris in a 1.8 km reach of the Thomson River, Victoria (catchment area of 3540 km2). A debris census (measuring every item present) was done over 0.775 km of this reach. The transect technique over-estimated the actual loading revealed by the census. The loading of debris 0.01 m in diameter for the total 1.8 km reach was 0.0172 m3 m–2, which is higher than that measured in many headwater streams in other parts of the world. The volume loading of debris measured from low level aerial photographs was only 4.8% of the value estimated by the line-intersect technique. The line-intersect estimates were biased due to non-random orientation of debris in the stream (causing estimated errors of +8% for volume loading and +16% for surface area loading). It is recommended that to avoid this problem, when using the line-intersect transect technique in lowland rivers, each line should comprise at least two obliquely-angled transects across the channel. The mean item of debris (0.1 m in diameter) had a trunk basal diameter of 0.45 m, a length of 7.4 m, and volume of 0.7 m3. The riparian trees and the in-channel debris were of similar dimensions. The debris tended to be close to the bed and banks and was oriented downstream by the flow at a median angle of 27°. Because of this orientation, most debris had a small projected cross-sectional area, with the median value being only 1 m2. Thus, the blockage ratio (proportion of projected area of debris to channel cross-sectional area) was also low, ranging from 0.0002 to 0.1, with a median value of 0.004. The average item of debris, which occupied only 0.4% of the cross-section, would have minimal influence on banktop flow hydraulics, but the largest items, which occupied around 10%, could be significant. Judicious re-introduction of debris into previously cleared rivers is unlikely to result in a large loss of conveyance, or a detectable increase in flooding frequency. 相似文献
57.
A methodology is proposed for assessing the ecological value of streams in the catchment of the Moravská Dyje River. It is concluded that by using a wide range of parameters that a more objective assessment is achieved than if only one were used. The landscape of the catchment studied contains excessive amounts of nutrients and, in comparison to its natural state, has become too uniform. 相似文献
58.
Forest density expressing the stocking status constitutes the major stand physiognomic parameter of Indian forest. Density
and age are often taken as surrogate to structural and compositional changes that occur with the forest succession. Satellite
remote sensing spectral response is reported to provide information on structure and composition of forest stands. The various
vegetation indices are also correlated with forest canopy closure. The paper presents a three way crown density model utilizing
the vegetation indices viz., advanced vegetation index, bare soil index and canopy shadow index for classification of forest
crown density. The crop and water classes which could not be delineated by the model were finally masked from normalized difference
vegetation index and TM band 7 respectively. The rule based approach has been implemented for land use and forest density
classification. The broad land cover classification accuracy has been found to be 91.5%. In the higher forest density classes
the classification accuracy ranged between 93 and 95%, whereas in the lower density classes it was found to be between 82
and 85%. 相似文献
59.
REYNALDO LUIZ VICTORIA FERNANDO FERNANDES† LUIZ ANTONIO MARTINELLI MARISA DE CÁSSIA PICCOLO PLINIO BARBOSA DE CAMARGO SUSAN TRUMBORE‡ 《Global Change Biology》1995,1(3):165-171
Measurements of the organic carbon inventory, its stable isotopic composition and radiocarbon content were used to deduce vegetation history from two soil profiles in arboreal and grassy savanna ecotones in the Brazilian Pantanal. The Pantanal is a large floodplain area with grass-dominated lowlands subject to seasonal flooding, and arboreal savanna uplands which are only rarely flooded. Organic carbon inventories were lower in the grassy savanna site than in the upland arboreal savanna site, with carbon decreasing exponentially with depth from the surface in both profiles. Changes in 13C of soil organic matter (SOM) with depth differed markedly between the two sites. Differences in surface SOM 13C values reflect the change from C3 to C4 plants between the sites, as confirmed by measurements of 13C of vegetation and the soil surface along a transect between the upland closed-canopy forest and lowland grassy savanna. Changes of 13C in SOM with depth at both sites are larger than the 3–4 per mil increases expected from fractionation associated with organic matter decomposition. We interpret these as recording past changes in the relative abundance of C3 and C4 plants at these sites. Mass balances with 14C and 13C suggest that past vegetational changes from C3 to C4 plants in the grassy savanna, and in the deeper part of the arboreal savanna, occurred between 4600 and 11 400 BP, when major climatic changes were also observed in several places of the South American Continent. The change from C4 to C3, observed only in the upper part of the arboreal savanna, was much more recent (1400 BP), and was probably caused by a local change in the flooding regime. 相似文献
60.
武汉东湖水生植被及其恢复途径探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
1992~1993年对武汉东湖三个主要湖区(郭郑湖、汤林湖和牛巢湖)水生植被的调查表明,该湖区共有水生植物32种,优势种为大茨藻、狐尾藻、苦草和菱。金鱼藻呈不断扩大的趋势。植被类型可分为11个群丛,植被面积约为0.65km ̄2,总生物量为1236.39t(湿重),植被带状分布仅见于汤林湖北部和其他部分湖汊。汤林湖和牛巢湖水生植被正处于自然恢复演替阶段。 相似文献