ABC转运蛋白基因slnTI和slnTII与盐霉素生物合成的相关性

【目的】slnTI和slnTII是盐霉素生物合成基因簇中可能的两个转运蛋白基因,根据生物信息学的分析推测它们属于ABC转运蛋白家族。其中,slnTI编码ABC转运蛋白的ATP结合亚基,slnTII编码ABC转运蛋白的跨膜亚基,推测它们可能与盐霉素的外排有关。通过slnTI和slnTII的基因中断与超量表达研究它们对盐霉素生物合成产量和抗性的影响。【方法】利用REDIRECT?技术,在盐霉素产生菌白色链霉菌XM211中分别构建了slnTI和slnTII的基因置换突变株LJ01和LJ02,并通过基因回补对突变株进行了验证。利用整合型表达载体pPM927在白色链霉菌XM211中对slnTI和slnTII进行串联超量表达。将slnTI和slnTII导入变铅青链霉菌1326中进行异源表达,通过液体培养实验检测衍生菌株对盐霉素的抗性。【结果】相比出发菌株XM211,突变株LJ01中盐霉素的产量下降了27.2%,LJ02下降了45.4%,LJ01和LJ02中结构基因slnA3和调控基因slnR的转录水平都有明显降低。超量表达菌株LJ03中盐霉素的产量提高了14.6%,转录结果显示LJ03中不仅slnTI和slnTII自身转录水平有大幅提高,而且slnA3和slnR转录水平也显著升高。抗性检测结果表明,异源表达菌株变铅青链霉菌LJ04对盐霉素的抗性水平略有提高。【结论】slnTI和slnTII是与盐霉素生物合成和外排有关的ABC转运蛋白基因,但并不是白色链霉菌XM211对盐霉素的主要抗性基因。     

Membrane-integration Characteristics of Two ABC Transporters, CFTR and P-glycoprotein

To what extent do corresponding transmembrane helices in related integral membrane proteins have different membrane-insertion characteristics? Here, we compare, side-by-side, the membrane insertion characteristics of the 12 transmembrane helices in the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Our results show that 10 of the 12 CFTR transmembrane segments can insert independently into the ER membrane. In contrast, only three of the P-gp transmembrane segments are independently stable in the membrane, while the majority depend on the presence of neighboring loops and/or transmembrane segments for efficient insertion. Membrane-insertion characteristics can thus vary widely between related proteins.     

Characterization of the Nitrate-Nitrite Transporter of the Major Facilitator Superfamily (the nrtP Gene Product) from the Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme Strain ATCC 29133

The products of the NpR1527 and NpR1526 genes of the filamentous, diazotrophic, fresh-water cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme strain ATCC 29133 were identified as a nitrate transporter (NRT) and nitrate reductase (NR) respectively, by complementation of nitrate assimilation mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus strain PCC 7942. While other fresh-water cyanobacteria, including S. elongatus, have an ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-type NRT, the NRT of N. punctiforme belongs to the major facilitator superfamily, being orthologous to the one found in marine cyanobacteria (NrtP). Unlike the ABC-type NRT, which transports both nitrate and nitrite with high affinity, Nostoc NrtP transported nitrate preferentially over nitrite. NrtP was distinct from ABC-type NRT also in its insensitivity to ammonium-promoted regulation at the post-translational level. The nitrate reductase of N. punctiforme was, on the other hand, inhibited upon addition of ammonium to medium, lending ammonium sensitivity to nitrate assimilation.     

The Effect of Testosterone Upon the Urate Reabsorptive Transport System in Mouse Kidney

It is hypothesized that hyperuricemia in males is caused by androgen-induced urate reabsorptive transport system in the kidney. The expression of urate transporter 1 (Urat1), sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1 (Smct1) and glucose transporter 9 (Glut9) were investigated in orchiectomized mice with or without testosterone replacement. Testosterone enhanced mRNA and protein levels of Smct1 while those of Glut9 were attenuated. Although the mRNA level of Urat1 was enhanced by testosterone, the corresponding levels of Urat1 protein remained unaffected. Thus, the induction of Smct1 by testosterone is a candidate mechanism underlying hyperuricemia in males.     

Evidence for a credit-card-swipe mechanism in the human PC floppase ABCB4

1. Download : Download high-res image (162KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Membrane topology of the cyanobacterial bicarbonate transporter,BicA, a member of the SulP (SLC26A) family

Abstract

We have completed the first comprehensive transmembrane topology determination for a member of the ubiquitous and important SulP/SLC26 family of coupled anion transporters found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The prokaryotic member that we have mapped, namely BicA from Synechococcus PCC7002, is an important Na⁺-dependent bicarbonate transporter that is likely to play a major role in global primary productivity via the CO₂ concentrating mechanism in cyanobacteria. We experimentally determined the topology based on phoA-lacZ topology mapping combined with reference to a range of predictive models based on hydropathy analysis and positive charge distribution. The 12-TMH structure for BicA is characterized by tight turns between several pairs of TMH and it features a prominent cytoplasmically-located STAS domain that is characteristic of the SulP family. A key difference from previous predicted models is that we identify a cytoplasmic loop between helices 8 and 9 where previous models suggested a TMH. This region includes a highly conserved motif that defines the SulP family. The identification of this region as cytoplasmic, rather than transmembrane, has implications for the function and perhaps regulation of SulP family members. This finding is used to reinterpret mutagenesis data relating to highly conserved residues in this region from both plant and human SulP transporters.     

How do antiporters exchange substrates across the cell membrane? An atomic-level description of the complete exchange cycle in NarK

1. Download : Download high-res image (163KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Structure of the Regulatory Cytosolic Domain of a Eukaryotic Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter

1. Download : Download high-res image (327KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image