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61.
Spondylolysis and its relationship to degenerative joint disease in the prehistoric southeastern United States 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P S Bridges 《American journal of physical anthropology》1989,79(3):321-329
Spondylolysis, a fatigue fracture in the neural arch of lumbar vertebrae, is common in Eskimos and some athletes. In Archaic Indians from northwestern Alabama, 17% of males and 20% of females with complete lumbar regions showed this defect. It is found at a fairly early age in adult males in this group, but in females it does not appear until after age 40 years. Spondylolysis is associated with higher levels of osteoarthritis around the fifth lumbar vertebra, where this defect typically occurs. Otherwise, there is little relationship between its presence and degenerative joint disease, especially in the weight-bearing joints. The incidence in young males may be related to activities necessitating a high level of mobility around the lumbar spine. The late occurrence in females suggests that osteoporosis may have been a contributing factor. 相似文献
62.
Tin-Kan Hung Ruei-Hung Kuo Cheng-Hsien Chiang 《Molecular & cellular biomechanics : MCB》2020,17(1):19-24
Kinematic and dynamic characteristics of pulsating flow in a model of
human aortic arch are obtained by a computational analysis. Three-dimensional
flow processes are summarized by pressure distributions on the symmetric plane
together with velocity and pressure contours on a few cross sections for systolic
acceleration and deceleration. Without considering the effects of aortic tapering
and the carotid arteries, the development of tubular boundary layer with
centrifugal forces and pulsation are also analyzed for flow separation and
backflow during systolic deceleration. 相似文献
63.
Proper craniofacial development requires the orchestrated integration of multiple specialized tissue interactions. Recent analyses suggest that craniofacial development is not dependent upon neural crest pre-programming as previously thought but is regulated by a more complex integration of cell and tissue interactions. In the absence of neural crest cells it is still possible to obtain normal arch patterning indicating that neural crest is not responsible for patterning all of arch development. The mesoderm, endoderm and surface ectoderm tissues play a role in the patterning of the branchial arches, and there is now strong evidence that Hoxa2 acts as a selector gene for the pathways that govern second arch structures. 相似文献
64.
Maxence Vieux‐Rochas Stefano Mantero Eglantine Heude Ottavia Barbieri Simonetta Astigiano Grard Couly Hiroki Kurihara Giovanni Levi Giorgio R. Merlo 《Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000)》2010,48(6):262-373
The morphogenesis of the vertebrate skull results from highly dynamic integrated processes involving the exchange of signals between the ectoderm, the endoderm, and cephalic neural crest cells (CNCCs). Before migration CNCCs are not committed to form any specific skull element, molecular signals exchanged in restricted regions of tissue interaction are crucial in providing positional identity to the CNCCs mesenchyme and activate the specific morphogenetic process of different skeletal components of the head. In particular, the endothelin‐1 (Edn1)‐dependent activation of Dlx5 and Dlx6 in CNCCs that colonize the first pharyngeal arch (PA1) is necessary and sufficient to specify maxillo‐mandibular identity. Here, to better analyze the spatio‐temporal dynamics of this process, we associate quantitative gene expression analysis with detailed examination of skeletal phenotypes resulting from combined allelic reduction of Edn1, Dlx5, and Dlx6. We show that Edn1‐dependent and ‐independent regulatory pathways act at different developmental times in distinct regions of PA1. The Edn1→Dlx5/6→Hand2 pathway is already active at E9.5 during early stages of CNCCs colonization. At later stages (E10.5) the scenario is more complex: we propose a model in which PA1 is subdivided into four adjacent territories in which distinct regulations are taking place. This new developmental model may provide a conceptual framework to interpret the craniofacial malformations present in several mouse mutants and in human first arch syndromes. More in general, our findings emphasize the importance of quantitative gene expression in the fine control of morphogenetic events. genesis 48:362–373, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
65.
66.
Gregorio Oxilia Jessica C. Menghi Sartorio Eugenio Bortolini Giulia Zampirolo Andrea Papini Marco Boggioni Sergio Martini Filippo Marciani Simona Arrighi Carla Figus Giulia Marciani Matteo Romandini Sara Silvestrini Maria Elena Pedrosi Tommaso Mori Alessandro Riga Ottmar Kullmer Rachel Sarig Luca Fiorenza Melchiore Giganti Rita Sorrentino Maria Giovanna Belcastro Jacopo Moggi Cecchi Stefano Benazzi 《American journal of physical anthropology》2021,175(4):847-864
67.
Pi-Chang Sun Shih-Liang Shih Yu-Ling Chen Yu-Chun Hsu Ruei-Cheng Yang 《Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering》2013,16(6):563-569
Clinically, different foot arch heights are associated with different tissue injuries to the foot. To investigate the possible factors contributing to the difference in foot arch heights, previous studies have mostly measured foot pressure in either low-arched or high-arched feet. However, little information exists on stress variation inside the foot with different arch heights. Therefore, this study aimed to implement the finite element (FE) method to analyse the influence of different foot arches. This study established a 3D foot FE model using software ANSYS 11.0. After validating the FE model, this study created low-arched, high-arched and normal-arched foot FE models. The FE analysis found that both the stress and strain on the plantar fascia and metatarsal were higher in the high-arched foot, whereas the stress and strain on the calcaneous, navicular and cuboid were higher in low-arched foot. Additionally, forefoot pressure was increased with an increase in arch height. 相似文献
68.
Bram Trachet Abigail Swillens Denis Van Loo Christophe Casteleyn Anne De Paepe Bart Loeys 《Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering》2013,16(5):491-499
In this paper, the influence of the aortic dimensions of an investigated mouse on its resulting wall shear stress (WSS) was studied. A numerical model of a mouse aortic arch was created based on a micro-CT scan of a vascular corrosion cast of an 8-week-old wild type mouse. This model was then rescaled to obtain five models with aortic root diameters corresponding to five different stages in the mouse life cycle varying from late fetal (0.7 mm) to old adult (1.5 mm). Consistent with literature, WSS values much higher than those normally encountered in humans were found. WSS was found to decrease rapidly in early life stages and to reach a plateau in adulthood, thus supporting a mediating role for WSS in arterial growth. Our results show that WSS values for mice should be interpreted very cautiously, and if possible an animal-specific geometry with animal-specific boundary conditions should be used. 相似文献
69.
doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00579.x Impact of tooth replacement strategies on the nutritional status of partially‐dentate elders Objective: To investigate the impact of tooth replacement on the nutritional status of partially dentate older patients, and, to compare two different tooth replacement strategies; conventional treatment using removable partial dentures and functionally orientated treatment based on the shortened dental arch. Background: Amongst older patients, diet plays a key role in disease prevention, as poor diets have been linked to numerous illnesses. Poor oral health and loss of teeth can have very significant negative effects on dietary intake and nutritional status for elderly patients. There is evidence that good oral health generally, has positive effects on the nutritional intake of older adults. Materials and methods: A randomised, controlled clinical trial was designed to investigate the impact of tooth replacement on the nutritional status of partially dentate elders. Forty‐four patients aged over 65 years completed the trial, with 21 allocated to conventional treatment and 23 allocated to functionally orientated treatment. Nutritional status was accessed at baseline and after treatment using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and a range of haematological markers. Results: At baseline, relationships were observed between the number of occluding tooth contacts and some measures of nutritional status. As the number of contacts increased, MNA scores (R = 0.16), in addition to vitamin B12 (R = 0.21), serum folate (R = 0.32) and total lymphocyte count (R = 0.35), also increased. After treatment intervention, the only measure of nutritional status that showed a statistically significant improvement for both treatment groups was MNA score (p = 0.03). No significant between group differences were observed from analysis of the haematological data. Conclusion: In this study, prosthodontic rehabilitation with both conventional treatment and functionally orientated treatment resulted in an improvement in MNA score. Haematological markers did not illustrate a clear picture of improvement in nutritional status for either treatment group. 相似文献
70.
Uchiyama M Komiyama M Yoshizawa H Shimizu N Konno N Matsuda K 《Journal of fish biology》2012,80(6):2236-2252
The structure and immunolocalization of the ion transporters Na(+) ,K(+) -ATPase (NKA), Na(+) /H(+) exchanger (NHE3) and vacuolar-type H(+) -ATPase (VHA) were examined in the gills of teleosts of the family Blenniidae, which inhabit rocky shores with vertical zonation in subtropical seas. These features were compared among the following species with different ecologies: the amphibious rockskipper blenny Andamia tetradactylus, the intertidal white-finned blenny Praealticus tanegasimae and the purely marine yaeyama blenny Ecsenius yaeyamaensis. Light and electron microscopic observations indicated that thick gill filaments were arranged close to each other and alternately on two hemibranches of a gill arch in the opercular space of A. tetradactylus. Many mucous cells (MC) and mitochondrion-rich cells (MRC) were present in the interlamellar regions of the gill filament. An immunohistochemical study demonstrated that numerous NKA, NHE3 and some VHA were located predominantly on presumed MRCs of gill filaments and at the base of the lamellae. Analyses using serial (mirror image) sections of the gills indicated that only a few NKA immunoreactive cells (IRC) were colocalized with VHA on some MRCs in the filaments. In the gills of P. tanegasimae, NKA- and NHE3-IRCs were observed in the interlamellar region of the filaments and at the base of the lamellae. VHA-IRCs were located sparsely on the lamellae and filaments. In the gills of E. yaeyamaensis, the lamellae and filaments were thin and straight, respectively. MCs were located at the tip as well as found scattered in the interlamellar region of gill filaments. NKA-, NHE3- and VHA-IRCs were moderately frequently observed in the filaments and rarely on the lamellae. This study shows that the structure and distribution of ion transporters in the gills differ among the three blennid species, presumably reflecting their different ecologies. 相似文献