pH对生物合成超声分子影像探针气囊充放气的调控

气囊（gas vesicles,GVs）是一种存在于蓝藻及古菌等微生物中调节浮力的类细胞器纳米结构,由蛋白质外壳包裹气体组成。近年来的研究表明,气囊具有作为超声分子影像探针的潜力。然而,气囊的充放气机制并不明确,限制了生物合成超声分子影像探针的保存和气体更换。本研究发现环境pH值是调节气囊充放气的一个重要因素。其不仅可以调节藻细胞内的气囊充放气进而使微囊藻呈现不同的漂浮状态,还可对提纯的气囊充放气进行体外调节,且该调节过程可逆。该机制的阐明为生物合成超声分子影像探针的大规模生产和保存,特别对气囊中的气体进行更换以满足不同的诊疗需求提供了技术支持,助力生物合成超声造影剂在疾病诊疗中的应用。     

肝硬化原发性肝癌直径<1 cm超声造影表现及其与血清AFU、AFP-L3、GPC3、TSGF、GP73水平相关性研究

摘要 目的：探讨肝硬化原发性肝癌（PHC）直径<1cm超声造影（CEUS）表现及其与血清α-L-岩藻糖苷酶（AFU）、甲胎蛋白异质体-L3（AFP-L3）、磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-3（GPC3）、肿瘤特异生长因子（TSGF）、高尔基体糖蛋白（GP73）水平相关性。方法：选取2018年1月-2022年8月于湖北省襄阳市中医院收治的肝硬化PHC直径<1 cm患者44例,根据术后病理结果分为高分化组、中分化组和低分化组。所有患者术前均完善CEUS和血清AFU、AFP-L3、GPC3、TSGF、GP73水平检查。比较三组CEUS表现、定量时间-强度曲线（TIC）分析、血清AFU、AFP-L3、GPC3、TSGF、GP73水平。采用Spearman相关性分析肝硬化PHC直径<1 cm患者的CEUS表现与血清AFU、AFP-L3、GPC3、TSGF、GP73水平的相关性。结果：44例肝硬化PHC直径<1 cm患者的CEUS表现均为肝内单发病灶,呈圆形或类圆形,病灶边界清晰,周围可见声晕。不同分化程度肝硬化PHC直径<1 cm患者在动脉期、门脉期和延迟期的CEUS表现上差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。高分化组、中分化组和低分化组的达峰时间、廓清时间和峰值加速时间逐渐减少,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。而高分化组、中分化组和低分化组的峰值强度增加率逐渐增加,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。高分化组、中分化组和低分化组的增强时间对比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。高分化组、中分化组和低分化组血清AFU、AFP-L3、GPC3、TSGF、GP73水平逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Spearman相关性分析显示,达峰时间、廓清时间和峰值加速时间与血清AFU、AFP-L3、GPC3、TSGF、GP73水平呈负相关（P＜0.05）;峰值强度增加率与血清AFU、AFP-L3、GPC3、TSGF、GP73水平呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：肝硬化PHC直径<1 cm患者的CEUS表现均为肝内单发病灶,呈圆形或类圆形,病灶边界清晰,周围可见声晕。CEUS表现和血清AFU、AFP-L3、GPC3、TSGF、GP73水平具有相关性,两者可辅助鉴别肝硬化PHC直径<1 cm的不同分化程度。     

Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Diaphragm Function

Function analysis of rodent respiratory skeletal muscles, particularly the diaphragm, is commonly performed by isolating muscle strips using invasive surgical procedures. Although this is an effective method of assessing in vitro diaphragm activity, it involves non-survival surgery. The application of non-invasive ultrasound imaging as an in vivo procedure is beneficial since it not only reduces the number of animals sacrificed, but is also suitable for monitoring disease progression in live mice. Thus, our ultrasound imaging method may likely assist in the development of novel therapies that alleviate muscle injury induced by various respiratory diseases. Particularly, in clinical diagnoses of obstructive lung diseases, ultrasound imaging has the potential to be used in conjunction with other standard tests to detect the early onset of diaphragm muscle fatigue. In the current protocol, we describe how to accurately evaluate diaphragm contractility in a mouse model using a diagnostic ultrasound imaging technique.     

实时灰阶超声造影股浅静脉瓣膜返流时间与病变严重程度的相关性探讨

目的:探讨超声造影股浅静脉瓣膜返流与病变严重程度的关系。方法:回顾性分析55例63条诊断为原发性深静脉功能不全患者的临床和超声造影资料,记录股浅静脉瓣膜返流时间和CEAP临床表现分级,并进行两者的相关性分析。结果:统计学分析表明,CEAP临床表现分级与瓣膜返流时间无相关性;但溃疡肢体组与非溃疡肢体组的股浅静脉瓣膜返流时间比较,两组有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:超声造影检查股静脉瓣膜返流时间有可能预测患肢静脉性溃疡的发生。     

经颅多普勒超声对80例偏头痛病人的检测分析

经颅多普勒超声波对８０例偏头痛病人与１１０例正常对照组血流速度进行检测．结果发现病例组血流速度异常为８７．５％。根据血流速度改变,本组分为血流速度增快型与血流速度减慢型,这有助于偏头痛的临床诊断。     

Synergized subcritical-ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction,purification, and characterization of Lentinus edodes polysaccharides

The effect of a synergized two-step subcritical water extraction (SWE) and simultaneous multi-frequency ultrasound-assisted alcohol/salt aqueous two-phase extraction (MFu-AATPE) on the yield, physicochemical, structural characteristics, and antioxidant activities of Lentinus edodes polysaccharides (LEPs) was investigated. Crude LEP extracted under subcritical extraction (31.14%) was purified using dual and triple frequency ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase systems giving a yield of 94.57% and 97% respectively. Compared with the dual-frequency sonication (20/40 kHz), the triple frequency sonication (20/40/60 kHz) gave maximum yield and improved the desalination rate by 33.6%. Congo red analysis revealed triple helix structures. Gas Chromatography analysis showed the existence of mannose, glucose, arabinose, xylose, and galactose whilst spectral similarities were observed through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The average molecular weight (M_w) was 83.6170 Da, 2384 Da and 2387 Da for control, dual and triple frequency samples respectively. Ultrasound treated polysaccharides displayed stronger antioxidant activities against the 2.2-diphenyl;-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2ʹ-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals, thus demonstrating their potency in reducing oxidation. However, the microstructure of the triple frequency treated sample was altered compared to the dual-frequency sample. Therefore, this study demonstrated the efficacy of SWE in crude LEPs extraction and illustrated MFu-AATPE as an efficient technique that selectively isolates polysaccharides and enhances extraction efficiencies.     

Computational fluid dynamics modeling of mass-transfer behavior in a bioreactor for hairy root culture. II. Analysis of ultrasound-intensified process

Recently, cichoric acid production from hairy roots of Echinacea purpurea was significantly improved by ultrasound stimulation in an airlift bioreactor. In this article, the possible mechanism on ultrasound-intensified hairy root culture of E. purpurea in the bioreactor was elucidated with the help of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, membrane permeability detection, dissolved oxygen concentration detection, confocal laser-scanning microscopy (LSM) observation, and phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) activity analysis. The CFD model developed in Part I was used to simulate the hydrodynamics and oxygen mass transfer in hairy root bioreactor culture stimulated by ultrasound. A dynamic mesh model combined with a changing Schmidt number method was used for the simulation of the ultrasound field. Simulation results and experimental data illustrated that ultrasound intensified oxygen mass transfer in the hairy root clump, which subsequently stimulated root growth and cichoric acid biosynthesis. Ultrasound increased the hairy root membrane permeability, and a high root membrane permeability of 0.359 h(-1) was observed at the bottom region in the bioreactor. LSM observation showed that the change in the membrane permeability recovered to normal in the further culture after ultrasound stimulation. PAL activity in the hairy roots was stimulated by ultrasound increase and was correlated well to cichoric acid accumulation in the hairy roots of E. purpurea.     

High-Frequency Ultrasound Assessment of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy In Vitro

Ultrasound imaging is proving to be an important tool for medical diagnosis of dermatological disease. Backscatter spectral profiles using high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS, 10–100 MHz) are sensitive to subtle changes in eukaryotic cellular morphology and mechanical properties that are indicative of early apoptosis, the main type of cell death induced following photodynamic therapy (PDT). We performed experiments to study whether HFUS could also be used to discern changes in bacteria following PDT treatment. Pellets of planktonic Staphylococcus aureus were treated with different PDT protocols and subsequently interrogated with HFUS. Changes in ultrasound backscatter response were found to correlate with antimicrobial effect. Despite their small size, distinct changes in bacterial morphology that are indicative of cell damage or death are detectable by altered backscatter spectra from bacterial ensembles using HFUS. This highlights the potential for HFUS in rapidly and non-invasively assessing the structural changes related to antimicrobial response.