颗粒体病毒离体复制

迄今 ,尚未建立稳定的颗粒体离体复制系统 ,颗粒体病毒在离体复制中的研究仍处于探索阶段。就颗粒体病毒离体复制的研究进展进行了综述 ,主要包括影响颗粒体病毒离体复制的细胞类型 ,培养温度以及颗粒体病毒离体复制的作用机理和目前仍存在的问题。     

Frequent overexpression of CADM1/IGSF4 in lung adenocarcinoma

We reported comprehensive screening for antigens (Ags) overexpressed on various carcinomas via isolation of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that may be therapeutic in a previous paper (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 7287-7292, 2008). Twenty-one distinct Ags highly expressed on several carcinomas were identified and 356 mAbs with unique sequences turned out to bind to one of the 21 Ags. Among them CADM1/IGSF4 which had been originally referred to as tumor suppressor lung cancer 1 (TSLC1) was included. Therefore we examined the expression of CADM1 in lung cancers in this study. Eight different anti CADM1 mAbs were used for immunohistochemical analysis of 29 fresh lung cancer specimens. Staining patterns were categorized to six groups based on the extent of positive staining and the localization of stained portions. While overexpression of CADM1 was observed on the cell surface of adenocarcinomas at a high frequency, around 60%, positive stainings were rarely observed on that of other lung carcinomas including squamous cell carcinomas. Moreover, some clones among the eight mAbs gave different staining patterns from those by the other clones against the same fresh specimen, suggesting presence of variant forms of CADM1 differentiated by mAbs.     

葡萄糖浓度对转人肿瘤坏死因子-α鱼腥藻IB02培养过程的影响

目的：通过在培养基中添加葡萄糖的方法,提高转基因鱼腥藻的产量和人肿瘤坏死因子（hTNF）-α的表达率。方法：在葡萄糖浓度为0～300mmol／L的范围内,进行了转hTNF-α鱼腥藻IB02的摇瓶混合营养培养,用比浊法和酶联免疫法测定转基因鱼腥藻的生长和hTNF-α的表达。结果：添加葡萄糖的藻液最高生长密度是未添加葡萄糖的3．5倍,且hTNFa的表达率也提高至4倍。结论：在各种葡萄糖浓度下,葡萄糖的利用都不明显。     

Identification and characterization of the retinoic acid response elements in the human RIG1 gene promoter

The expression of retinoic acid-induced gene 1 (RIG1), a class II tumor suppressor gene, is induced in cells treated with retinoids. RIG1 has been shown to express ubiquitously and the increased expression of this gene appears to suppress cell proliferation. Recent studies also demonstrated that this gene may play an important role in cell differentiation and the progression of cancer. In spite of the remarkable regulatory role of this protein, the molecular mechanism of RIG1 expression induced by retinoids remains to be clarified. The present study was designed to study the molecular mechanism underlying the all-trans retinoic acid (atRA)-mediated induction of RIG1 gene expression. Polymerase chain reaction was used to generate a total of 10 luciferase constructs that contain various fragments of the RIG1 5'-genomic region. These constructs were then transfected into human gastric cancer SC-M1 and breast cancer T47D cells for transactivation analysis. atRA exhibited a significant induction in luciferase activity only through the -4910/-5509 fragment of the 5'-genomic region of RIG1 gene relative to the translation initiation site. Further analysis of this promoter fragment indicated that the primary atRA response region is located in between -5048 and -5403 of the RIG1 gene. Within this region, a direct repeat sequence with five nucleotide spacing, 5'-TGACCTctattTGCCCT-3' (DR5, -5243/-5259), and an inverted repeat sequence with six nucleotide spacing, 5'-AGGCCAtggtaaTGGCCT-3' (IR6, -5323/-5340), were identified. Deletion and mutation of the DR5, but not the IR6 element, abolished the atRA-mediated activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with nuclear extract from atRA-treated cells indicated the binding of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimers specifically to this response element. In addition to the functional DR5, the region contains many other potential sequence elements that are required to maximize the atRA-mediated induction. Taken together, we have identified and characterized the functional atRA response element that is responsible for the atRA-mediated induction of RIG1 gene.     

lncRNA与miRNA相互调控作用及其与肿瘤的关系研究

长链非编码RNA (long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一类转录本长度大于200 bp的非编码RNA,可作为人类基因组中一类重要的调控分子通过多种方式发挥其生物学功能.近年来的研究表明,lncRNA也可以作为一种竞争性内源性RNA (competing endogenous RNA, ceRNA) 与miRNA相互作用,参与靶基因的表达调控,并在肿瘤的发生发展中发挥重要的作用.本综述在简要介绍lncRNA功能研究现状和主要研究方法的基础上,进一步分析了lncRNA与miRNA之间的互相调控关系及其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用,以便为后续的研究提供新的思路.     

Polymorphism in NOD2, Crohn's disease, and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis

The nucleotide oligomerization binding domain 2 gene (NOD2) encodes an intracellular receptor for bacterial components, which is expressed in monocytes and is associated with Crohn's Disease (CD). This finding, along with epidemiological evidence, supports a role for infection in the pathogenesis of CD. Speculation that mycobacteria are involved in CD led us to investigate NOD2 in susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB), a global public health problem caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. CD-associated NOD2 variants were absent in a case-control study of 640 Gambians, where CD is rare. Novel NOD2 promoter polymorphisms were identified but showed no association with TB in this African population sample.     

人类新型β 3半乳糖基转移酶基因β 3GalT7 的克隆和鉴定

从人肺 cDNA 文库中克隆到人类β 3- 半乳糖基转移酶家族中的一个新成员β 3GalT7 (AY277592 , EC2.4.1.-) ,并对其进行了鉴定 . 该基因定位在人类染色体 19q13.2. 它包含一个 1 191 bp 的开放阅读框 (ORF). 编码的蛋白质包括一个信号肽和一个半乳糖基转移酶结构域,分子质量和等电点分别为 43.3 ku 和 8.37. 从原核表达中获得的融合蛋白的分子质量和预测相符 . RNA 印迹杂交显示β 3GalT7 在肺、喉和回肠组织中高表达,而在舌、乳房、子宫、睾丸等组织中表达较低 . 此外半定量 RT-PCR 显示β 3GalT7 在人类不同的肿瘤细胞中转录水平有明显差异 .     

Molecular cloning and expression of the gene for a major leucine-rich protein from human hepatoblastoma cells (HepG2)

Summary The human hepatoblastoma cell line, HepG2, exhibits an array of stable properties in culture that have made it a popular cell culture model for studies on regulation of liver-specific gene expression and properties of hepatoma cells. In contrast to other hepatoma cell lines, HepG2 cells overexpress a characteristic detergent-extractable, wheat germ lectin-binding protein with apparent molecular mass of 130 kDa. Using an antibody to screen a phage expression library of HepG2 complementary DNA (cDNA), we identified and cloned a 4734 base pair cDNA which codes for a 130-kDa leucine-rich protein (lrp130) when expressed in transfected cells. The deduced sequence of lrp130 exhibits sequences weakly homologous to the consensus sequence for the ATP binding site in ATP-dependent kinases and the protein kinase C phosphorylation site of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Consistent with the higher levels of expression of lrp130 antigen, Northern hybridization analysis indicated that HepG2 cells express high levels of the major 4.8 kilobase lrp130 mRNA relative to other hepatoma cells. Although currently of unknown function, lrp130 may be of utility as a marker for liver cell lineages represented by the HepG2 cell line.     

综述:髓系衍生的抑制性细胞与肿瘤免疫耐受关系的研究进展

髓系衍生的抑制性细胞(myeloid-derived suppressor cells,MDSCs),是在肿瘤等病理因素的作用下髓系细胞发生分化障碍所产生的不同阶段髓系祖细胞的集合,具有广谱而强大的免疫抑制功能,是免疫系统的重要负性调节组件之一.研究表明:肿瘤微环境中的多种细胞因子或生长因子可通过激活相应的信号通路促进MDSCs扩增及活化,MDSCs进而通过多种机制抑制包括T细胞在内的多种免疫细胞的功能而促进肿瘤个体免疫耐受的发生.临床研究表明:肿瘤患者体内MDSCs的水平与肿瘤临床病程进展密切相关,基于MDSCs的免疫治疗也有望成为肿瘤免疫治疗的新策略.本文主要介绍了肿瘤中MDSCs的表型鉴定、扩增及活化机制、发挥免疫抑制作用的途径及机制、肿瘤中MDSCs的临床意义以及本领域需要解决的问题,以期对MDSCs在肿瘤免疫耐受中的作用进展提供参考.