不同泪道硅胶引流管留置时间对慢性泪囊炎患者视力、生活质量及复发率的影响

目的:探讨不同泪道硅胶引流管留置时间对慢性泪囊炎患者的生活质量、视力及复发率的影响。方法:回顾性选取2018年1月2019年12月期间于我院就诊的慢性泪囊炎患者91例(128眼),根据术后泪道硅胶引流管留置时间分为A、B两组,其中A组泪道硅胶引流管留置时间6周,44例(61眼),B组泪道硅胶引流管留置时间12周,47例(67眼)。对比两组疗效、视力、并发症发生率、主诉溢泪发生率、生活质量及复发率。结果:A组拔管当天的总有效率高于B组(P<0.05),两组拔管后3个月总有效率对比无明显差异(P>0.05)。拔管后6个月两组社会功能、躯体疼痛、精神健康、生理功能、精力、情感职能、生理职能、总体健康维度评分均较术前升高(P<0.05),但两组组间对比未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组患者术前、拔管后3个月视力组间及组内比较均未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组患者主诉溢泪发生率比较未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。A组并发症发生率、复发率低于B组(P<0.05)。结论:泪道硅胶引流管留置时间的长短对慢性泪囊炎患者疗效、视力、生活质量、主诉溢泪发生率无明显影响,但留置6周者并发症发生率、复发率低于留置12周者,提示临床应视患者具体情况尽量缩短泪道硅胶引流管留置时间。     

青篱柴通过促进亲和花粉生长而提高传粉精确性

异型花柱植物的适应意义在于提高亲和花粉的传递, 从而促进异交, 但是有不少研究发现柱头上落置了大量不亲和花粉。目前, 很少有人研究柱头是否有利于亲和花粉的萌发和花粉管伸长, 以及通过去雄处理排除花内和植株内不亲和花粉干扰从而验证二型花柱植物是否可以促进异交。本研究以亚麻科青篱柴属(Tirpitzia)的二型花柱植物青篱柴(T. sinensis)为研究对象, 分居群调查了青篱柴长、短柱型的植株数量, 测量不同柱型的花粉与柱头大小以及观察其表面纹饰, 测定不同开花时间长、短柱型的柱头活性与花粉活力, 统计自然状态下柱头上落置的不同表型花粉比例, 进一步统计花内、株内去雄和自然对照下柱头上落置的不同表型花粉比例, 计算型间、型内和混合授粉花粉管长度和花粉萌发率, 人工授粉检测其是否型内异交不亲和与自交不亲和。结果表明, 自然居群中长、短柱型青篱柴植株数量没有显著性差异; 短柱型青篱柴花粉体积显著大于长柱型, 且二者花粉表面纹饰不同, 但不同柱型的柱头表面积与表面纹饰无差异; 青篱柴开花第一天的花粉活力显著高于开花第二天, 而柱头活性在开花前两天无显著性差异; 自然状态下柱头上落置的不亲和花粉比例显著高于亲和花粉; 在长柱型青篱柴中, 花内和株内去雄显著提高了柱头上亲和花粉的落置比例; 柱头上授型内花粉, 其花粉萌发率和花粉管的长度都显著低于授型间花粉; 授粉结果表明青篱柴为型内异交不亲和与自交不亲和。二型花柱植物通过促进亲和花粉的萌发和花粉管的伸长而有利于型间授粉, 从而显著提高其传粉精确性。     

Localization of arabinogalactan proteins in anther,pollen, and pollen tube of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nicotiana tabacum</Emphasis> L.

Summary. Western blot analysis indicated the presence of two epitopes recognized by the anti-arabinogalactan protein antibodies JIM13 and LM2 and the absence of the JIM4 epitope in mature tobacco anthers. Immunoenzyme localization of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) with JIM13 showed that AGPs accumulate mainly at the early stages of anther development. AGP content and distribution were also investigated at the ultrastructural level in pollen tubes grown in vivo and in vitro. Abundant AGPs were present in the transmitting tissue of styles, and the AGP content of the extracellular matrix changed during pollen tube growth. In pollen tubes, immunogold particles were mainly distributed in the cell wall and cytoplasm, especially around the peripheral region of the generative-cell wall. β-D-Glucosyl Yariv reagent, which specifically binds to AGPs, caused slow growth of pollen tubes and reduced immunogold labeling of AGPs with JIM13 in vitro. These data suggest that AGPs participate in male gametogenesis and pollen tube growth and may be important surface molecules in generative and sperm cells. Correspondence and reprints: Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Plant Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China.     

Identification of hyperpolarization-activated calcium channels in apical pollen tubes of Pyrus pyrifolia

The pollen tube has been widely used to study the mechanisms underlying polarized tip growth in plants. A steep tip-to-base gradient of free cytosolic calcium ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) is essential for pollen-tube growth. Local Ca(2+) influx mediated by Ca(2+)-permeable channels plays a key role in maintaining this [Ca(2+)](cyt) gradient. Here, we developed a protocol for successful isolation of spheroplasts from pollen tubes of Pyrus pyrifolia and identified a hyperpolarization-activated cation channel using the patch-clamp technique. We showed that the cation channel conductance displayed a strong selectivity for divalent cations, with a relative permeability sequence of barium (Ba(2+)) approximately Ca(2+) > magnesium (Mg(2+)) > strontium (Sr(2+)) > manganese (Mn(2+)). This channel conductance was selective for Ca(2+) over chlorine (Cl(-)) (relative permeability P(Ca)/P(Cl) = 14 in 10 mm extracellular Ca(2+)). We also showed that the channel was inhibited by the Ca(2+) channel blockers lanthanum (La(3+)) and gadolinium (Gd(3+)). Furthermore, channel activity depended on extracellular pH and pollen viability. We propose that the Ca(2+)-permeable channel is likely to play a role in mediating Ca(2+) influx into the growing pollen tubes to maintain the [Ca(2+)](cyt) gradient.     

血管与导管选择对PICC置管引发并发症的影响

目的:通过比较PICC置管的血管与导管选择,探讨其对并发症发生率的影响。方法:2005年10月至2006年7月共336例恶性肿瘤病人应用B/BRAUN单腔导管,"可分裂"穿刺针355型173例,257型163例分别选择头静脉、贵要静脉、颈外静脉进行观察。结果:头静脉病人>50%出现并发症,其中30%出现中途拔管;贵要静脉<10%出现并发症,90%完成治疗计划;颈外静脉2例因固定不妥导致导管脱出。结论:在非高速度滴注的情况下,尽量选用小管径的导管;对血管的选择应当首选责要静脉,优选右侧,穿刺点最好过肘关节,其次选择颈外静脉优选右侧;选择PICC置管操作应慎重,操作之前做好详细的评估。     

Plasma vitamin values and antiepileptic therapy: case reports of pregnancy outcomes affected by a neural tube defect

BACKGROUND: Folic acid supplementation reduces the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs); however, it is not clear whether it protects against teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs. METHODS: We report the cases of four pregnant women receiving valproic acid therapy, who all had NTD-affected offspring, despite periconceptional 5 mg/day of folic acid supplementation (cases), and investigated homocysteine metabolism, linked with folate metabolism. Their plasma homocysteine, folates, and vitamin B6 and B12 results were compared with values of two other women, who were also receiving valproic acid and folic acid complement, but who had normal pregnancies (valproic acid controls), and values of 40 pregnant women who had normal pregnancies and were not receiving any therapy (controls without therapy). Because of the possible existence of a genetic susceptibility, polymorphisms in homocysteine metabolism were sought. RESULTS: Two cases showed a decreased phosphopyridoxal level, compared with levels in the controls not receiving therapy. The genotype TT (C677T) is an NTD genetic susceptibility, but it was observed in only one valproic acid control. Various polymorphisms were observed in the cases, but were also common in the controls. Several studies have reported that valproic acid therapy lowers vitamin B6 levels. Our case with the greatest decrease in plasma phosphopyridoxal, who was taking periconceptional folic acid plus pyridoxine therapy, had a normal second pregnancy outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to folates, other vitamins, such as vitamin B6, may have played a role in NTDs in our patients taking an antiepileptic drug.     

Modulation of social behavior and dominance status by chronic pain in mice

The potential influence of pain on social behavior in laboratory animals has rarely been evaluated. Using a new assay of social behavior, the tube co‐occupancy test (TCOT), we assess propinquity—the tendency to maintain close physical proximity—in mice exposed to pain using subcutaneous zymosan or spared nerve injury as noxious stimuli. Our previous experience with the TCOT showed that outbred mouse sibling dyads show higher levels of tube co‐occupancy than stranger dyads. We find here that long‐lasting pain from spared nerve injury given to both mice in the dyad abolishes this effect of familiarity, such that strangers also display high levels of propinquity. We performed a separate experiment to assess the effect on dominance behavior of nerve injury to one or both mice of a dyad in which relative dominance status had been previously established via the confrontation tube test. We find that neuropathic pain given only to the dominant mouse reverses the relationship in male but not female mice, such that the previously subordinate mouse becomes dominant. These observations bolster the scant but growing evidence that pain can robustly affect social behavior in animals.     

An Evolutionarily Conserved Receptor-like Kinases Signaling Module Controls Cell Wall Integrity During Tip Growth

1. Download : Download high-res image (198KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image