Hedychium menghaiense (Zingiberaceae),a new species from Yunnan,China

Hedychium menghaiense X.Hu & N.Liu,a new species of the Zingiberaceae from Yunnan Province,China,is described and illustrated.The new species is currently known only from its type locality,Nannuoshan Mountain,Menghai County,growing under evergreen broad-leaved forests at altitudes of 1400-1700 m.It is similar to Hedychium forrestii Diels,but differs in its narrower and emarginate labellum folded inwards lengthwise,narrower staminodes,and scarlet stamen.The recognition of the new species is supported by the ...     

Reconstructing routes of invasion using genetic data: why,how and so what?

Detailed knowledge about the geographical pathways followed by propagules from their source to the invading populations—referred to here as routes of invasion—provides information about the history of the invasion process and the origin and genetic composition of the invading populations. The reconstruction of invasion routes is required for defining and testing different hypotheses concerning the environmental and evolutionary factors responsible for biological invasions. In practical terms, it facilitates the design of strategies for controlling or preventing invasions. Most of our knowledge about the introduction routes of invasive species is derived from historical and observational data, which are often sparse, incomplete and, sometimes, misleading. In this context, population genetics has proved a useful approach for reconstructing routes of introduction, highlighting the complexity and the often counterintuitive nature of the true story. This approach has proved particularly useful since the recent development of new model‐based methods, such as approximate Bayesian computation, making it possible to make quantitative inferences in the complex evolutionary scenarios typically encountered in invasive species. In this review, we summarize some of the fundamental aspects of routes of invasion, explain why the reconstruction of these routes is useful for addressing both practical and theoretical questions, and comment on the various reconstruction methods available. Finally, we consider the main insights obtained to date from studies of invasion routes.     

LISS-DF近端螺钉不同固定方式的有限元分析

目的研究LISS-DF治疗股骨远端骨折近端螺钉不同固定方式对应力分布规律的影响,寻找符合生物力学原理的固定方式,为临床应用提供理论依据。方法在ANSYS9.0软件中建立LISS-DF钢板固定股骨远端骨折（AO/OTA33-A3型）的实体模型和有限元模型。在近端螺钉不同单、双皮质固定方式下,通过模拟生理应力做轴向加载实验并进行有限元计算和分析。结果1、3孔单2、4孔双皮质固定时,近端螺钉最大应力值在不同固定方式中最小为24.21975Mpa,位移值为0.131424um与其它固定方式相当且均较小,说明该固定方式可以取得较好的力学效果。结论近端螺钉靠近骨折端处双皮质固定,其余螺钉间隔单双皮质固定时,可以减少应力集中现象,得到更好的把持力,使固定更牢固,从而降低固定失败的风险性。     

铜锈环棱螺生物扰动对"蓝藻水华"水体底泥及其间隙水中碳、氮、磷含量的影响

实验室内建立小型模拟生态系统,根据铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)的密度设置了3个处理组和1个对照组.结果显示:铜锈环棱螺对底泥0～0.5 cm及0.5～2 cm有机质影响较明显,显著降低了底泥中的C:P.处理组3和处理组2间隙水NH4+-N含量分别在底泥0～0.5cm及0.5～2 cm深度和对照组之间存在显著差异(p＜0.05).间隙水中NO2--N+NO3--N的变化较复杂,处理组NO2--N+NO3--N含量在0～0.5 cm,0.5～2cm及2～4cm与对照组相比差异显著(p＜0.05).间隙水中DIP含量随底泥深度先增后减,在2～4 cm处含量达最大,DIP含量在0.5～2 cm深度处理组与对照组之间有显著差异(p＜0.05).铜锈环棱螺生物干扰增加了底泥表层有机质的含量,同时降低了其稳定性.     

加拿大一枝黄花对土壤营养元素吸收与转运特征

选择临海沿江镇加拿大一枝黄花重度入侵区域,分别收集植物与土壤样品,研究加拿大一枝黄花对土壤中7种营养元素的吸收、转运特征。研究结果表明：7种营养元素在植物组织中的平均含量排序为：Zn〉K〉Ca〉N〉Mg〉P〉Mn。而且不同器官对同一种元素的积累存在显著差异,总体规律表现为叶和花蕾积累元素最多,其次是枝条和根状茎,根和茎则积累最少。地上器官对各元素的转移能力表现出明显差异,但各器官均对氮素有较强的转运能力,转运因子均明显高于1。地下器官（根和根状茎）对氮素有较高的富集能力,富集因子同样明显高于1。7种元素在加拿大一枝黄花不同器官的吸收转运存在着一定的促进或者拮抗作用。在花蕾、枝条和根中,磷吸收分别与Mg、Mn和Zn吸收呈现显著负相关;在花蕾中,氮的吸收和Mn的吸收呈现显著正相关;在不同器官里,K、Ca、Mg、Zn和Mn吸收之间多呈现正相关。     

2008年夏季青岛近海浒苔无机元素含量分析

2008年夏季对青岛近海栈桥、汇泉湾和五四广场三个海域的漂浮浒苔进行了样本采集,针对其12种无机元素进行了含量分析与比较,并与2007年夏季三个海域的浒苔的无机元素含量进行了比较。结果表明,2008年采自汇泉湾海域的漂浮浒苔的Ca,Cu,N,Na和P含量在三个海域中最高,而采自五四广场的漂浮浒苔的Fe,Mn,Pb和Zn含量最高,Cd,K和Mg的含量在三个海域的水平相差不大。与2007年相同海域比较,2008年的漂浮浒苔更富含Fe,K,Mg,Mn,Na和P。另外,与海带和紫菜比较,浒苔中的Fe,Mg和Na含量较高,而P和Zn含量较低,Ca和K含量,低于海带而高于紫菜中的含量;有害元素Cd和Pb含量远低于相应的藻类制品卫生标准（GB19643—2005）和无公害产品海藻（NY5056-005）中的限量要求。结果从无机元素角度为浒苔的综合利用提供数据支持。     

A highly permeable species boundary between two anadromous fishes

Meristic identification, mitochondrial DNA and a suite of microsatellite markers were employed to estimate the incidence of hybridization in wild populations of anadromous Allis shad Alosa alosa and twaite shad Alosa fallax in southern Irish riverine and estuarine waters. It was shown that 16% of the fishes examined were misclassified using meristic count of gill rakers. Next, a significant proportion of fishes that were robustly assigned to a species using nuclear markers were shown to possess the mtDNA of the other. The genomes of A. alosa and A. fallax in Ireland are extensively introgressed, which suggests a complex history of hybridization between these species, which can only partially be explained by recent man-made habitat changes.