全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4568篇 |
免费 | 353篇 |
国内免费 | 358篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 13篇 |
2023年 | 66篇 |
2022年 | 106篇 |
2021年 | 147篇 |
2020年 | 142篇 |
2019年 | 145篇 |
2018年 | 181篇 |
2017年 | 138篇 |
2016年 | 155篇 |
2015年 | 184篇 |
2014年 | 228篇 |
2013年 | 307篇 |
2012年 | 190篇 |
2011年 | 247篇 |
2010年 | 221篇 |
2009年 | 251篇 |
2008年 | 261篇 |
2007年 | 241篇 |
2006年 | 200篇 |
2005年 | 192篇 |
2004年 | 137篇 |
2003年 | 135篇 |
2002年 | 117篇 |
2001年 | 97篇 |
2000年 | 89篇 |
1999年 | 85篇 |
1998年 | 73篇 |
1997年 | 74篇 |
1996年 | 82篇 |
1995年 | 66篇 |
1994年 | 65篇 |
1993年 | 59篇 |
1992年 | 61篇 |
1991年 | 59篇 |
1990年 | 42篇 |
1989年 | 36篇 |
1988年 | 35篇 |
1987年 | 31篇 |
1986年 | 27篇 |
1985年 | 42篇 |
1984年 | 28篇 |
1983年 | 20篇 |
1982年 | 32篇 |
1981年 | 27篇 |
1980年 | 28篇 |
1979年 | 26篇 |
1978年 | 23篇 |
1977年 | 11篇 |
1976年 | 20篇 |
1973年 | 13篇 |
排序方式: 共有5279条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Kiara Franke Lisa C. Matthes Angelika Graiff Ulf Karsten Inka Bartsch 《Journal of phycology》2023,59(3):518-537
Coastal kelp forests produce substantial marine carbon due to high annual net primary production (NPP) rates, but upscaling of NPP estimates over time and space remains difficult. We investigated the impact of variable underwater photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and photosynthetic parameters on photosynthetic oxygen production of Laminaria hyperborea, the dominant NE-Atlantic kelp species, throughout summer 2014. Collection depth of kelp had no effect on chlorophyll a content, pointing to a high photoacclimation potential of L. hyperborea towards incident light. However, chlorophyll a and photosynthesis versus irradiance parameters differed significantly along the blade gradient when normalized to fresh mass, potentially introducing large uncertainties in NPP upscaling to whole thalli. Therefore, we recommend a normalization to kelp tissue area, which is stable over the blade gradient. Continuous PAR measurements revealed a highly variable underwater light climate at our study site (Helgoland, North Sea) in summer 2014, reflected by PAR attenuation coefficients (Kd) between 0.28 and 0.87 m−1. Our data highlight the importance of continuous underwater light measurements or representative average values using a weighted Kd to account for large PAR variability in NPP calculations. Strong winds in August increased turbidity, resulting in a negative carbon balance at depths >3–4 m over several weeks, considerably impacting kelp productivity. Estimated daily summer NPP over all four depths was 1.48 ± 0.97 g C · m−2 seafloor · d−1 for the Helgolandic kelp forest, which is in the range of other kelp forests along European coastlines. 相似文献
82.
Summary Fasting plasma levels of the large neutral amino acids (LNAA;l-forms) andl-tryptophan (TRP) ratios were determined in thirteen healthy volunteers (7 males, 6 females) on five consecutive mornings, and the same procedure was repeated for each individual three months later. We found characteristic overall ranges for the parameters studied, and, in addition to certain differences between the sexes, considerable inter- and intraindividual daily variations. Although the individuals showed statistically identifiable mean levels that, in the majority of subjects, were maintained over a period of three months, it is concluded that the degree of intraindividual variability does not allow us to regard a single value as characteristic for a given individual. This should be borne in mind in particular in follow-up studies of plasma LNAA in patients with, for example, depressive disorders. 相似文献
83.
84.
核型似近系数的聚类分析方法 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
本文根据近年来核型分析所积累的大量资料,以及谭远德(1991)提出的似近分析理论,提出了核型似近系数A聚类分析方法,确定了核型计算公式,井应用于lo种淡水鱼核型似近系数聚类分析,获得了与形态分类学非常一致的结果。此外,还提出了染色体带型计算公式,从而使核型公式和校型似近系数从核型的整体结构、染色体形态结构和染色体内部结构等三个层次上,较精确地刻画了物种核型特性和物种间校型的等同性或同源性。以此核型似近系数作为分类依据所获得的物种分类结果,能真实地和客观地反映物种的自然分类模式。 相似文献
85.
Comparative transmission by leafhoppers of three tungro isolates obtained from the Philippines, India and Malaysia, and of an infectious clone of the Philippine isolate of rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) by agroinoculation, was conducted on 12 rice cultivars. The symptoms, including height of inoculated plants were recorded and the efficiency of RTBV and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) transmission was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In most cases, the reduction of height and leaf symptoms of plants infected with RTBV and/or RTSV by the three isolates were similar in any given cultivar. On cultivar ASD 7 , the Malaysian isolate showed more severe yellow orange leaf discolouration symptoms than the Indian isolate which in turn had more severe leaf discolouration than the Philippine isolate. On the other hand, cultivars ASD 7 and Ptb 18 produced the most severe yellow orange leaf discolouration when agroinoculated with an infectious RTBV clone of the Philippine isolate. There was some variation in the transmission profile of the two tungro viruses among the three isolates. However, there was no one clear set of characteristics by which one could use cultivars to distinguish isolates. The amount of viral DNA in agroinfected plants of cultivars Utri merah, Balimau putih, Utri Rajapan and ARC 11554 was low, while the amount was high in cultivars TN1, ASD7, Ptb 18 and TKM 6. There was high correlation between the amount of viral coat protein by ELISA and viral nucleic acid by DNA hybridisation on 10 agroinoculated rice cultivars; this might indicate that similar proportions of the total RTBV DNA are encapsidated in each cultivar. 相似文献
86.
Artichoke yellow ringspot nepovirus (AYRV) was isolated from stunted broad bean plants in Crete showing leaf mottling and deformation and wrinkling of seed testas. AYRV identification was based on host range, behaviour during purification, electron microscopy and serology. AYRV-broad bean isolate was seed-transmitted in broad bean, and embryo infection appeared to be a prerequisite for virus transmission to seedlings. Transmission through pollen was not detected in broad bean plants, although pollen grains were externally contaminated by the virus. Ovule infection occurred in a high proportion of seed and was independent of pollination. 相似文献
87.
Measurements of anther (length, width, depth), pollen grain (percent fertility, polar diameter, equatorial diameter, polar diameter/equatorial diameter ratio, volume) and pistil (stigma length, style length, ovary length, total pistil length, stigma width, style width, ovary width) were taken on 12 diverse sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes on each of four collection dates in 1994. Highly significant differences among genotype means were obtained for all characters except polar diameter. Highly significant differences among environment (collection date) means were found for ten of the 15 characters measured. Highly significant genotype x environment interactions were obtained for all characters except anther length. For the anther characters measured, relatively high repeatability values were found, ranging from 99.8% for length to 87.6% for depth. For the pollen grain characters measured, the repeatability values ranged from 67.6% for percent fertility to 23.1% for polar diameter. For the pistil characters measured, the repeatability values ranged from 94.0% for style width to 49.6% for total pistil length. These results indicate that genotype and environment influence anther, pollen grain and pistil characters. Variation in some of these morphological aspects could influence the consistency and interpretation of male transmission studies on both the applied and evolutionary levels. 相似文献
88.
89.
关中小麦品种产量构成因素的相互关系和产量育种目标 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
对关中地区不同年代及当前大面积推广的小麦品种(系)的产量及其构成因素进行了遗传分析和通径分析。结果表明:陕西关中地区近期小麦品种的产量育种目标的趋势是在提高现有穗粒数的基础上,保持现有的穗数(700万/hm^2)及千粒重(38g左右),以求在提高品种产量潜力的同时,保持或增加品种的稳定性能;或是大幅度提高穗粒数(35粒左右),适当提高千粒重(40g左右),适当降低穗数(600万/hm^2左右),以 相似文献
90.
中国种子植物区系定量化研究 V.区系相似性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文总结了应用相似系数即关联系数进行植物区系相似性分析的现状,指出了存在的问题.然后,从集合论角度讨论了区系相似性、相似关系及其相似系数的实质.作者以为在区系相似性分析中应用R.R.Sokal和C.D.Michener(1958)提出的简单匹配系数比较适宜,同时亦能避免以往区系相似性分析中缺乏可比性及某些“表相”相似等问题.最后,还提出了总体相似系数和类型相似系数二个新概念,以便按照吴征镒教授关于中国植物区系研究的学术思想统一研究各个不同地区植物区系的相似性.对此,作者用了6个区系实例进行了演算说明. 相似文献