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991.
Roger D. Farley 《Arthropod Structure & Development》2018,47(2):180-198
Light and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the development of new book lung lamellae in juvenile and adult spiders (Parasteatoda tepidariorum). As hypothesized earlier in a study of embryos, mesenchyme cells dispersed throughout the opisthosoma (EMT) are a likely source of precursor epithelial cells (MET) for the new lamellae. The precursor cells in juveniles and adults continue many of the complex activities observed in embryos, e.g., migration, alignment, lumen formation, thinning, elongation, and secretion of the cuticle of air channel walls and trabeculae. The apicobasal polarity of precursor cells for new channels is apparently induced by the polarity pattern of precursor cells of channels produced earlier. Thus, new air and hemolymph channels extend and continue the alternating pattern of older channels. At sites more distant from the spiracle and atrium, new channels are usually produced by the mode II process (intracellular alignment and merging of vesicles). These air channels have bridging trabeculae and are quite stable in size throughout their length. At sites closer to the spiracle and atrium, new channels may be produced by mode I (coalescence of merocrine vesicle secretion). This raises the hypothesis that structural and functional differences in mode I and II channels and differing oxygen and fluid conditions with distance from the spiracle and atrium determine the mode of formation of new channels. Observations herein support an earlier hypothesis that there is some intercellular apical/apical and basal/basal affinity among the opposed surfaces of aligned precursor cells. This results in the alternating pattern of air channels at the apical and hemolymph channels at the basal cell surfaces. 相似文献
992.
993.
Seyed Armin Hashemi 《农业工程》2018,38(3):224-227
Pollution is one of the most important factors inhibiting growth in the environment; therefore the effects of zinc pollution were studied in Acer velutinum specie. Two years old seedlings of Acer velutinum specie were prepared from nursery, the concentrations of zero and one hundred and thirty mg per liter of zinc chloride solution were added to the soil of seedlings pots after calculating and after passing a three-month period of seedling growth, the plant organs were removed, then the amount of zinc concentration in the samples was determined and data were analyzed. The results of the analysis showed that the highest amount of accumulation on the stem, root and soil in treatment concentrations is 87.75, 65.68 and 24.78 mg per kg and accumulation of zinc in total chlorophyll and sugar in treatment concentrations is 4.61 and 0.6028 mg per g, respectively, and accordingly Acer velutinum specie is suitable for refinement of soils contaminated with zinc. 相似文献
994.
995.
Valery Akparov Vladimir Timofeev Ilyas Khaliullin Vytas Švedas Inna Kuranova 《Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics》2018,36(4):956-965
Carboxypeptidase B (EC 3.4.17.2) (CPB) is commonly used in the industrial insulin production and as a template for drug design. However, its ability to discriminate substrates with hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and charged side chains is not well understood. We report structure of CPB complex with a transition state analog N-sulfamoyl-L-phenylalanine solved at 1.74Å. The study provided an insight into structural basis of CPB substrate specificity. Ligand binding is affected by structure-depended conformational changes of Asp255 in S1’-subsite, interactions with Asn144 and Arg145 in C-terminal binding subsite, and Glu270 in the catalytic center. Side chain of the non-specific substrate analog SPhe in comparison with that of specific substrate analog SArg (reported earlier) not only loses favorable electrostatic interactions and two hydrogen bonds with Asp255 and three fixed water molecules, but is forced to be in the unfavorable hydrophilic environment. Thus, Ser207, Gly253, Tyr248, and Asp255 residues play major role in the substrate recognition by S1’-subsite. 相似文献
996.
Elena Frati Abdel-Majid Khatib Philippe Front Andrej Panasyuk France Aprile Dragoslav R. Mitrovic 《Free radical biology & medicine》1997,22(7):1139-1144
The effect of photoexcited riboflavin (RF) on the viscosity of hyaluronic acid (HA) solutions has been investigated. UV irradiation of RF causes under aerobic conditions fragmentation of HA and a decrease in the viscosity of its solutions. A decrease of HA viscosity occurs in PO4-buffered solutions and is accelerated by high pH, Fe2+ (but much less so by Fe3+), certain metal chelators, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP); it is partially inhibited by catalase and less so by superoxide dismutase (SOD). The reactivity of the system was completely blocked by Tris, ethanol, aspirin, d-manitol, dimethylthiourea (DMTU), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and sodium azide. These results indicate that the most likely chemical species involved in the reaction is the hydroxyl radical. Singlet oxygen (102) generation is suggested by the ability of NaN3 and DMSO to completely inhibit the reactivity of the system. These two agents, however, may also interact with OH√ radical, as well and suppress the reactivity of the system. H2O2 and
seem also to be produced in significant amounts, because catalase and SOD partially block the reactivity of the system. The effect of HRP may be due to hydrogen subtraction from HA and H2O2 reduction to water. Photoexcitation of RF may potentially occur in vitro and in vivo in the organs and tissues that are permeable to light, such as the eye or skin, and damage HA and other cell-matrix components causing inflammation and accelerating aging. © 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. 相似文献
997.
Membrane lipid peroxidation, free radical scavangers and ethylene evolution in Amaranthus as affected by lead and cadmium 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
S. Bhattacharjee 《Biologia Plantarum》1997,40(1):131-135
Membrane lipid peroxidation, activity of free radical scavangers and ethylene evolution of Amaranthus lividus seedlings were
used to determine the lead and cadmium (1, 10, 100 and 1000 μM) induced phytotoxicity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation
and higher lipoxygenase activity (LOX) was found in the 7-d-old treated seedlings. The activities of free radical scavangers
like peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase declined considerably with the concomitant rise in hydrogen peroxide level.
Heavy metal treatment also caused decline in ethylene evolution in germinating seedlings.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
998.
Diffusion in plant cuticles as affected by temperature and size of organic solutes: similarity and diversity among species 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
Mobilities of lipophilic organic solutes in cuticular membranes (CM) isolated from mature leaves of Citrus aurantium L., Citrus grandis L., Hedera helix L., IIex aquifolium L., Ilex paraguariensis St.-Hil., Mains domestica Borkh., Prunus armeniaca L., Primus laurocerasus L., Pyrus communis L., Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai, Stephanotis florihunda Brongn. and Strophantus gratus Baill. were measured over a temperature range of 15–78°C. In this range, solute mobilities increased up to 1000-fold, which corresponds to temperature coefficients Q10 of 3 (IAA in P. armeniaca) to 14 (cholesterol in H. helix). For most species, Arrhenius graphs showed good linearity up to 40°C, and up to 78°C for some species, while for others activation energies declined with increasing temperature. However, no distinct phase transitions caused by sudden structural changes in the CM were observed. In three species we examined whether heating to 70°C changed solute mobility irreversibly by comparing Arrhenius graphs for two successive experiments with the same CM. The two graphs were very similar for P. laurocerasus, while mobilities in the second graph were somewhat reduced for C. aurantium and greatly increased (at 25 and 35°C) for H. helix. This indicates rearrangements of at least some wax constituents when heated to high temperatures. The activation energies of diffusion (ED) ranged from 75 to 189 KJ mol?11 depending on species and solute size. Size selectivity and variability between cuticles decreased with increasing temperature, and this is caused by differences in (ED). An excellent correlation between the pre-exponential factor of the Arrhenius equation and ED was observed, which is evidence that organic solutes differing greatly in molecular size (130–349 cm3 mol?1) and cuticle/water partition coefficient (25–108) use similar diffusion paths in the CM of all 12 plant species tested. Diffusion occurs in regions with identical physicochemical properties and differs only in magnitude. 相似文献
999.
Role of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in Apoptosis 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) involves the formation of proteaceous, regulated pores, probably by apposition of inner and outer mitochondrial membrane proteins which cooperate to form the mitochondrial megachannel (=mitochondrial PT pore). PT has important metabolic consequences, namely the collapse of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, uncoupling of the respiratory chain, hyperproduction of superoxide anions, disruption of mitochondrial biogenesis, outflow of matrix calcium and glutathione, and release of soluble intermembrane proteins. Recent evidence suggests that PT is a critical, rate limiting event of apoptosis (programmed cell death): (i) induction of PT suffices to cause apoptosis; (ii) one of the immediate consequences of PT, disruption of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (m), is a constant feature of early apoptosis; (iii) prevention of PT impedes the m collapse as well as all other features of apoptosis at the levels of the cytoplasma, the nucleus, and the plasma membrane; (iv) PT is modulated by members of the apoptosis-regulatory bcl-2 gene family. Recent data suggest that the acquisition of the apoptotic phenotype, including characteristic changes in nuclear morphology and biochemistry (chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation), depends on the action of apoptogenic proteins released from the mitochondrial intermembrane space. 相似文献
1000.