中国(竹思)簩竹属(Schizostachyum Nees)的研究及其它

对国产(竹思)(竹劳)竹属(Schizostachyum Nees)进行了系统整理。对属的范围进行了修订,认为本属应包括乔草竹属(Dendrochloa Parkinson),薄竹属(Leptocanna Chia et H.L.Fung),长穗竹属(Teinostachyum Munro)和李海竹属(Neohouzeaua A.Camus),并首次建立了本属的属下分类系统。此外,对二种竹子起了新名:甲竹(Bambusa austro-sinensis Xia)和毛环单竹(B.yunnanensis Xia);作了4个新组合,即Schizostachyum coradatum(Wen et Dai)Xia, S.dumetorum(Hance)Munro var.xinwuense(Wen et J. Y Chin)Xia, Bambusa glaucescens glaucescens(Willd)Sieb. ex Munro var.annulata(W.T.Lin et Z.J.Feng)Xia和B.glaucescens (Willd)Sieb.ex Munro var.pubivagina(W.T....     

南极乔治王岛冰锥洞微生物培养探索

【目的】南极洲具备独特的环境和相对的生物地理隔离,南极洲各类生境中蕴藏了大量尚未培养和难培养的微生物,也是新颖微生物物种的重要来源之一。本研究以南极冰锥洞这类特殊生境为研究对象,通过培养条件的多样化提升南极微生物的培养率和多样性,揭示南极冰锥洞可培养微生物类群多样性,为该环境可培养微生物功能研究奠定基础,也为南极极端环境未培养微生物的培养方法提供借鉴。【方法】通过采用不同培养基添加复苏促进因子(resuscitation promoting factor, Rpf)的方式,提高南极柯林斯冰盖冰锥洞生境中微生物的可培养率,探究该生境中微生物的多样性。采用4种不同营养水平的培养基,平行添加Rpf进行菌株培养,经分离纯化与16S rRNA基因鉴定,分析冰锥洞可培养微生物的多样性及培养条件对多样性的影响。【结果】本研究共分离培养细菌407株,涵盖5个门、18个科、29个属,其中：放线菌门(Actinomycetota)为优势门,占72.73%;微杆菌科(Microbacteriaceae)为优势科,占69.78%;Lacisediminihabitans属为优势属,占45.70%。从培养基效果...     

Interactions between the toxicity of the heavy metals cadmium,copper, zinc in combinations and the detoxifying role of calcium in the brown algaCystoseira barbata

The toxicity of three heavy metals, Cd, Cu and Zn, and the detoxifying role of Ca have been studied for the brown algaCystoseira barbata formaaurentia after a 4-week laboratory culture. The experimental design was based upon a complete factorial design 2^k, which seems to be the first time it has been used in algal physiology. It was demonstrated that these three elements, applied jointly, act on weight-growth, chlorophyll a, c and carotenoid synthesis and Cd, Cu and Zn uptake. Cd and Zn act in synergy or in antagony, depending on their exogenous concentrations, on chlorophyll a and on carotenoid synthesis. Zn is antagonistic towards Cd and Cu on weight-growth in the combination Cd-Cu-Zn. From different element combinations, the protective role of Ca appears evident on weight-growth (Cd-Zn-Ca and Cu-Ca), chlorophyll a (Cd-Cu-Ca and Cu-Zn-Ca), chlorophyll c (Cd-Ca), carotenoid synthesis (Cd-Cu-Ca and Cu-Zn-Ca), Cd and Cu uptake (Cd-Cu-Ca) and Zn uptake (Cu-Zn-Ca). This role is confirmed by cytological investigations. This is apparently the first report concerning a Ca interaction with toxicity of heavy metals applied in combinations. However, the mechanisms of tolerance remain unknown.     

台湾山柚属(山柚子科)的一个新组合

木文是对《甜菜树属(中国山柚子科新记录属)一新种》(载“云南植物研究”1989年11卷4期)一文的修订。将误定于甜菜树属(Mlelientha Pierre)下的长蕊甜菜树(M.longi-staminea)改隶于台湾山柚属(Champereia Griff.),重新组合为四数台湾山柚(Champereia)longistaminea。如果将长蕊甜菜树(Melientha longistaminea)置于甜菜树属(Melientha)中,则混淆了台湾山柚属(Champereia Pierre)与甜菜树属(Melientha Pierre)的区别界线。     

浙江古田山亚热带常绿阔叶林叶衰老物候影响因子研究

该文选取浙江省古田山亚热带常绿阔叶林72种木本植物,探究气候因素、系统发育关系和功能性状对亚热带常绿阔叶林叶衰老物候的影响。结果表明,叶变色期在9—12月,落叶期在10—12月。每月落叶物种数与月均温、月均降水量和月均日照时数没有显著相关性,每月叶变色物种数与月均温和月均日照时数呈弱相关;落叶性对叶变色期和落叶期具有显著影响;植物间系统发育关系对叶变色期和落叶期没有显著影响。因此,生物和非生物因子都会影响常绿阔叶树种的叶衰老,这对于提高秋季物候预测模型具有重要价值。     

寄主植物对桑寄生植物叶片功能性状的影响

为了解寄生植物叶片功能性状的差异及其影响因素,研究了西双版纳地区寄主植物对3种桑寄生植物叶片功能性状的影响,并分析了桑寄生植物与寄主植物叶片功能性状的相关性。结果表明,不同寄主植物的相同寄生植物叶片功能性状存在显著差异,来自7种寄主植物的五蕊寄生(Dendrophthoe pentandra)的叶片含水量(61.2%～70.1%)、氮含量(9.6～16.0 g/kg)、碳氮比(30.8～48.5)以及缩合单宁含量(3.3%～11.0%)等性状的差异较大;从4种寄主植物上获取的澜沧江寄生(Scurrula chingii var.yunnanensis)的叶片含水量(60.0%～71.7%)、碳含量(431.3～502.3 g/kg)和缩合单宁含量(3.8%～9.9%)等性状也呈现较大种间差异,而在2种寄主植物上的离瓣寄生(Helixanthera parasitica)的叶片功能性状没有显著差异。桑寄生植物与寄主植物的叶片含水量、总碳含量、总氮含量、碳氮比和缩合单宁含量呈显著的正相关。寄主植物作为桑寄生植物营养物质的主要来源,会影响桑寄生植物叶片的相应功能性状。桑寄生植物能从寄主植物获...     

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF SELECTION IN EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS DERIVED FROM HYBRIDIZATION OF TWO ECOTYPES OF THE ANNUAL PLANT DIODIA TERES W. (RUBIACEAE)

Morphologically variable F₂ genotypes derived from hybridization of coastal and inland ecotypes of the annual plant Diodia teres were used to identify selection on morphological traits in the natural habitat of each ecotype. These ecotypes occur in very different habitats, and have evolved pronounced morphological differentiation. Selection analysis can suggest whether present patterns of selection can explain morphological differences between ecotypes. F₂ genotypes were characterized morphologically, clonally replicated, and transplanted into the habitat of each ecotype. Selection was measured on six morphological traits. Directional and stabilizing selection occurred on many traits; direction and strength of selection varied sharply at different stages of growth, as revealed by a path-analysis approach that divided selection into a set of independent components. Directional selection favored traits of the native population at the coastal habitat, but less so at the inland habitat. Selection was of sufficient strength to create the observed morphological differences between ecotypes in 25–100 generations, given constant selection and sufficient genetic variation. In effects on fitness, most traits were neither independent nor consistently interactive with other traits. Rather, many traits entered into strong but evanescent interactions affecting particular components of fitness. Observed interactions did not support the hypothesis that the morphology of each ecotype was functionally integrated to a high degree.     

THE INTERACTION PHENOTYPE IN THE DROSOPHILA WILLISTONI–SPIROPLASMA SYMBIOSIS

Both the population and coevolutionary dynamics of hereditary male-lethal endosymbionts, found in a wide range of insect species, depend on host fitness and endosymbiont transmission rates. This paper reports on fitness effects and transmission rates in three lines of Drosophila willistoni infected with either male-lethal spiroplasmas or a spontaneous nonmale-lethal mutant. Overall fitness measures were reduced or unaffected by the infection; however, some infected females produced more offspring in early broods. Maternal transmission rates were high, but imperfect, and varied with a female's age, host line, and spiroplasma type. No evidence for paternal or horizontal transmission was found. If an altered temporal pattern of reproduction is not a factor in countering the loss of spiroplasma hosts through imperfect maternal transmission, persistence of this endoparasitism remains unexplained. Tolerance of the infection and ability to transmit bacteria varied with both host and spiroplasma line. Analysis of the interaction between the spontaneous nonmale-lethal mutant and its host suggests this symbiosis has undergone coevolution under laboratory culture.     

北方稻田生态系统研究Ⅱ．稻萍结合系统细绿萍共生固N量研究

对稻萍结合系统细绿萍共生固Ｎ量研究表明,萍的固Ｎ力在整个生长季不同时期有所变化．最高固Ｎ率出现在６月初,萍固Ｎ量随其接种量和水稻行距增加而增加．５０～１０ｃｍ宽窄行交替的水稻行距和１５００ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２的萍接种量的稻萍结合系统的总固Ｎ量为１０７．１ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２,而３０ｃｍ等行距的３２５ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２的萍接种量的稻－萍结合系统的总固Ｎ量仅为３６．０ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２