The synthesis of poly(MA-alt-NIPA) copolymer, spectroscopic characterization, and the investigation of solubility profile-viscosity behavior

Alternating copolymer of maleic anhydride (MA) with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) has been synthesized. Spectral characterization of this copolymer has been achieved by FTIR, Raman, ¹H, ¹³C NMR spectroscopic methods. Besides hydrodynamic behavior of the copolymer has been also investigated by viscometric method for comparison with that obtained from the solubility profile through algorithmic calculations. As a consequence of the algorithmic calculations DMSO has been determined as the best solvent for the copolymer, poly(MA-alt-NIPA), which is also supported by the viscometric results.     

Combinatorial microscopy for the study of protein–membrane interactions in supported lipid bilayers: Order parameter measurements by combined polarized TIRFM/AFM

Understanding the mechanisms of peptide-induced membrane disorder is critical to the design of novel antimicrobial and cell-penetrating peptides. One means of quantifying local structure and order/disorder is through the orientational order parameter, typically obtained using various spectroscopic approaches. We report here on the use of an image-based means of tracking the order parameter in supported lipid bilayers during peptide-induced disordering. By coupling polarized total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy with in situ atomic force microscopy, it is now possible to track changes in order parameter associated with peptide binding and insertion, as well as lipid headgroup and acyl chain reordering, while simultaneously resolving molecular-scale topographical changes. Interactions between the model antimicrobial peptide, indolicidin, and its fluorescent analog, TAMRA-indolicidin, with model eukaryotic (DOPC:DSPC:cholesterol) and prokaryotic (DOPE/DOPG) membranes were tracked using the fluorescent lipid reporters, DiI-C₂₀ and BODIPY-PC. Changes in the order parameter upon membrane binding and insertion provided insights into the orientation of the peptide and the role of membrane chemistry and composition on insertion dynamics and membrane restructuring.     

贵州省布依族和仡佬族的皮纹研究

本文报告了450例布依族和410例仡佬族的12项皮纹正常值测定,在左右手间和男女性间进行了比较,并以汉族作为对照。     

美洲鲥应激后皮质醇激素和血液生化指标的变化

比较了美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima)1龄幼鱼因环境改变和运输引起的血清皮质醇激素浓度和血液生化指标变化。结果表明,美洲鲥转入较小容器中后血清皮质醇含量迅速增加到对照组[(2.05±1.48)ng/ml,n=10]的10倍左右。运输2 h后美洲鲥血清皮质醇激素含量[(41.97±17.92)ng/ml,n=9]比运输前显著上升20倍左右。2 h运输后总蛋白、白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、Ca2 比对照组极显著增加(P<0.01),白球比和乙酸胆碱酯酶、血糖、K 显著增加(P<0.05),谷草转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶无显著变化(P>0.05),Cl-显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。血液指标明显变化表明,美洲鲥运输应激后,心脏和肝脏等组织一定程度受损,可能导致了较高的死亡率。     

纳米SiO2对髯毛箬竹叶片光合特征参数日变化的影响

采用叶面喷施的方法,研究了0(CK)、150、300和450 mg.L-1纳米SiO2对髯毛箬竹(Indocalamus barbatusMcClure)叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔限制值和水分利用效率等光合特征参数日变化(7:00至16:00)的影响。结果表明:对照组髯毛箬竹叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和气孔限制值的日变化曲线均为"双峰"型,有明显的"午休"现象;胞间CO2浓度的日变化曲线则为"W"型;水分利用效率的日变化曲线为"U"型。与对照相比,喷施150、300和450 mg.L-1纳米SiO2均能不同程度提高髯毛箬竹叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率,减小气孔限制值及胞间CO2浓度的变化幅度,提高"午休"时的水分利用效率,缓解光合作用的"午休"现象;其中,300 mg.L-1纳米SiO2处理组的效果最佳,在出现最大峰值的10:00时300 mg.L-1纳米SiO2处理组的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率分别比对照提高了13.98%、71.21%和49.09%,且均与对照差异显著(P<0.05)。综合分析结果说明:髯毛箬竹叶片光合能力的提高是气孔和非气孔限制因素共同作用的结果,而喷施适量的纳米SiO2能够在一定程度上改善非气孔限制因素,从而增强髯毛箬竹叶片的光合能力。     

南方冰雪灾害后受害木荷萌枝光合生理特性

木荷(Schima superba)作为中国亚热带常绿阔叶林的重要组成树种,在2008年南方冰雪灾害中受到严重损害.本研究在浙江江郎山随机设置5个400 m2样地,并将受害木荷分为断木和倒木2种类型,研究不同部位萌枝光响应、气体交换以及叶绿素荧光参数等光合生理特征,有助于人们对群落更新机理的认识,为研究亚热带地区萌枝生态学特征提供理论依据.结果表明:不同叶龄之间,2年生叶片的最大净光合速率(Pmax)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PS的潜在活性(Fv/F0)、有效光化学效率(Fvv'/Fm’)、比叶重(LMA)、叶片全氮含量大干1年生叶片,其总叶绿素含量(Chl(a+b))显著高于1年生叶片(P＜0.05),而叶绿素a/b( Chl(a/b))低于1年生叶片;不同部位之间,Fv/Fm、Fv/F0、Fv’/Fm’、Chl(a+b)、Chla/b、类胡萝卜素(Car)表现为断木的中部和倒木的根部最高;LMA、全氮含量表现为断木顶部＞中部＞根部,倒木根部＞中部＞顶部;不同受害类型木荷之间,倒木萌枝净光合速率(Pn)、水分利用率(WUE)高于断木(P＜0.05),而断木萌枝对光有更宽的生态辐,其光补偿点(LCP)低于倒木,光饱和点(LSP)却高于倒木.     

外源水杨酸对黄瓜幼苗叶片PSⅡ活性和光能分配的影响

以黄瓜品种‘中农203号’幼苗为试材,采用水培法研究了根际施用0.05、0.10和0.50 mmol/L水杨酸对黄瓜幼苗叶片PSⅡ活性和光能分配的影响,以探讨水杨酸对光合作用的调节机制。结果显示:黄瓜幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn)、荧光参数和光能分配对水杨酸的响应存在明显的浓度依赖性。0.05和0.10 mmol/L水杨酸处理提高了叶片PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/F0)、电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学猝灭系数(qP),降低了非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ),使PSⅡ吸收光能中分配于光化学反应的能量增加,进而提高了Pn,并以0.10 mmol/L水杨酸施用效果最明显,差异达极显著水平(P<0.01);而0.50 mmol/L水杨酸处理降低了ΦPSⅡ、Fv/Fm等,使光能分配于热耗散和荧光耗散的比例升高,导致Pn下降。研究表明,水杨酸对黄瓜叶片光合的正负调节作用与浓度依存下的PSⅡ活性和光能分配改变有关。     

Experimental characterization of flow conditions in 2- and 20-L bioreactors with wave-induced motion

Quantifying the influence of flow conditions on cell viability is essential for a successful control of cell growth and cell damage in major biotechnological applications, such as in recombinant protein and antibody production or vaccine manufacturing. In the last decade, new bioreactor types have been developed. In particular, bioreactors with wave‐induced motion show interesting properties (e.g., disposable bags suitable for cGMP manufacturing, no requirement for cleaning and sterilization of cultivation vessels, and fast setup of new production lines) and are considered in this study. As an additional advantage, it is expected that cultivations in such bioreactors result in lower shear stress compared with conventional stirred tanks. As a consequence, cell damage would be reduced as cell viability is highly sensitive to hydrodynamic conditions. To check these assumptions, an experimental setup was developed to measure the most important flow parameters (liquid surface level, liquid velocity, and liquid and wall shear stress) in two cellbag sizes (2 and 20 L) of Wave Bioreactors®. The measurements confirm in particular low shear stress values in both cellbags, indicating favorable hydrodynamic conditions for cell cultivation. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011