丁酸对体外培养的人鼻咽癌上皮细胞的影响

无论是自发的、病毒引起的或致癌物诱发的恶性转化的哺乳类细胞的体外培养,其形态多发生改变,总是变得近似圆形,边缘突起短而少,细胞致密和折光性强,同时失去生长接触抑制,降低细胞与细胞之间和细胞与生长底物之间的粘着性等特性。近年报道了关于短链脂肪酸如丁酸(或丁酸钠)对细胞能产生明显的影响,能抑制培养细胞的分裂,可诱发一些上皮性细胞产生形态的改变,可使转化的细胞     

Synthesis and deposition of chitin in larvae of the Australian sheep blowfly,Lucilia cuprina

Chitin synthesis in third-instar Lucilia cuprina larvae cultured at 23 °C was investigated using in vivo and in vitro systems, the latter with whole and with homogenized integuments. Synthesis was at a maximum between 24 and 48h after ecdysis from the second instar. Chitin was deposited in layers, and labeled GlcNAc was rapidly cleared from the hemolymph. In in vitro homogenate systems, the rapid conversion of UDP-([¹⁴C]GlcN)Ac to ([¹⁴C]GlcN)Ac and its 1-phosphate derivative contributed to the low incorporation of this precursor into chitin. The extent of the conversion was reduced by the addition of KCN or phenylthiourea. In in vivo and in vitro tissue systems the level of incorporation of ([¹⁴C]ClcN)Ac was higher than that of UDP-([¹⁴C]GlcN)Ac. However, in in vitro homogenate systems there was no difference unless UTP was added when the level of incorporation of only ([¹⁴C]GlcN)Ac was increased (by a factor of 9). Incorporation of UDP-([¹⁴C]GlcN)Ac, but not that of ([¹⁴C]GlcN)Ac, was decreased when larvae were deprived of food. Soluble oligosaccharides were detected in in vitro homogenate systems. They were formed during chitin synthesis and may represent newly initiated chitin chains. A reappraisal of current ideas on chitin synthesis in insects is needed.     

The disappearance of injected prostaglandins from the circulation of adult female australian field crickets,Teleogryllus commodus

During the first 2 h following injection of 0.02 μCi of [¹⁴C]-prostaglandin E₂ into the abdomen of adult virgin female crickets, T. commodus, the concentration of radioactivity in the circulating hemolymph decreases. The reduction is associated with the increase in radioactivity in the Malpighian tubule/hindgut complex, ovaries, fat body, and, to a much smaller extent, ventral nerve cord and flight muscles. The finding that most, but not all, of the radioactivity in the hindgut is located in the contents of the lumen suggests that a high proportion of prostaglandins circulating in the hemolymph of T. commodus is eliminated by the usual excretory pathway. We suggest that the differential uptake of label from the circulating hemolymph by various tissues may be related to possible physiological functions that remain to be discovered.     

On the relationship between two indices (“Bulk density” and “dry-matter content”) of dry-matter accumulation in plant organs

“Bulk density” and “dry-matter content” are useful indices of dry-matter accumulation in plant organs. A theoretical equation describing the relationship between these two indices was put forward. To examine the reliability of this equation, the seasonal changes of these two indices were investigated in the leaves and stems of different ages ofAucuba japonica. In each organ both indices varied seasonally almost parallel to each other, but the seasonal changes of dry-matter content were less obvious than those of bulk density. The observed bulk density was always larger than that calculated from the observed dry-matter content by the theoretical equation. A drying experiment showed that this discrepancy was caused by the decrement of the volume of the plant material by water loss during the period from the weight measurement to the volume measurement. When the water loss was negligible, the equation described well the relationships between the two indices of the experimental materials. It was also shown that this equation was useful for the estimation of the amount of air space in plant materials.     

中国豆科植物新资料

<正>一、虫豆属 Atylosia Wight et Arn,1.白蔓草虫豆 新变种图1Atylosia scarabaeoidea(Linn)Benth ,var aryrophylla Cheng f,var ,nov     

双孢蘑菇上的丝枝霉新种

1980—1981年先后自北京、昆明、福州等地双孢蘑菇[Agaricus bisporus (Lange)Sing.]上分离到一种真菌,在PDA上的培养性状与蘑菇轮枝菌(Vertieillium psalliotae Tresch．)和蛛网丝枝霉中国变种[Aphanocladium aranearum(Petch) Gams var sincase J．D．Chen]近 似。镜检可见其兼具上述两种菌的形态。经反复多次纯化,并挑取单孢子培养,肯定了这种真菌是纯菌。在培养基上已保存4年,形态稳定。它具典型蘑菇轮枝菌形态,而其丝枝霉型瓶梗的形成和瘪缩时间、长度、原瓶梗数量、末端瓶梗数及排列密度等,都与蛛网丝枝霉中国变种有一定差异,与丝枝霉属其它种亦不同,故定为两型丝枝霉新种(Aphanocladium dimorphum sp-nov.)。本文详细描述了该新种的形态,井对文甲所提的五种真菌及其与Engyodontium属间的关系进行了讨论。     

沙田柚染色体组型及Giemsa带型分析

本文以沙田柚为材料,对其染色体组型及带型进行了观察分析。组型分析:染色体数目2n=18,根据染色体的相对长度分成大小染色体两种类型,前者包括1、2、3、4和5对,后者为6、7、8和9对,根据臂比,9对染色体能够被分成中部着丝点和近中着丝点染色体两种类型。即第5、7,9对为亚中部着丝点,其余为中部着丝点,第6对染色体上有随体;Giemsa带型:除第二对染色体只显中间带外,其余都显着丝点带,并在3、4、8对染色体短臂上和2、3、1对染色体长臂上均显端带,第2、3,6对同源染色体之间的C带显示杂合性。     

武汉东湖浮游植物各种成份分析与沉淀物中浮游植物活体碳、氮、磷的测定

本实验调查了武汉东湖浮游植物水华的各种成份以及水柱沉淀物内叶绿素α含量,根据碳与叶绿素α关系,给定了一回归方程,并计算出沉淀物中藻类活体相应的碳、氮、磷含量。从平均数值看,武汉东湖浮游植物水华的C,N,P含量分别为39.30,7.98及0.94(％);其干湿比为0.20,碳、氮比为5.10,碳、磷比为46.54,碳与叶绿素α之比则为133.32。 1983年东湖水柱沉淀物中浮游植物活体叶绿素α下沉量平均每天每平方米为43.8675微克(Ⅰ站)及35.5881微克(Ⅱ站)。利用东湖浮游植物水华各种成份含量及其各种比率计算出的东湖水柱沉淀物中浮游植物活体碳、氮、磷量,按顺序每天每平方米分别为2.53,0.50,0.05毫克(Ⅰ站)及2.09,0.41,0.04毫克(Ⅱ站)。     

油桐和木油数核型的研究

油桐Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy-Shaw (Aleurites fordii Hemsl.)和木油树V. montana Lour. (A. montana (Lour.) Wils.)为大戟科油桐属Vernicia Lour. 植物,全世界共3种,上述两种为原产我国的重要木本油料植物,长江以南各省(区)广为栽培。细胞学方面,这两个种的染色体计数有过不少报道,均为n=11。本文旨在提供这两种植物核型比较分析的资料,以冀有助于它们选种育种工作。