Synthesis and biological activity of benzo-fused 7-deazaadenosine analogues. 5- and 6-substituted 4-amino- or 4-alkylpyrimido[4,5-b]indole ribonucleosides

Two series of new 4-aminopyrimido[4,5-b]indole ribonucleosides bearing phenyl or hetaryl group at position 5 or 6 have been prepared by Suzuki or Stille cross-coupling reactions employing X-Phos ligand with (het)arylboronic acids or stannanes. A series of 4-substituted nucleosides has been also prepared by Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings or nucleophilic substitution. Some of these compounds displayed moderate antiviral activities against HCV and dengue viruses.     

A new species of Borgatomelissa Patiny, 2000 from eastern Morocco: Borgatomelissa flavimaura n. sp. (Hymenoptera,Andrenidae)

Until now, two species of Borgatomelissa Patiny, 2000 have been described, both from loci typici located in the Near East and eastern Africa. Borgatomelissa brevipennis (Walker, 1871), the most widespread taxon, has also been found in the southern Sahelo-Sudanian belt of the Sahara. A third species from eastern Morocco is described in the present study: Borgatomelissa flavimaura n. sp. In addition to taxonomic insights, the new species sheds a new light on the biogeography of the genus.     

The design of a peptide sequence to inhibit HIV replication: a search algorithm combining Monte Carlo and self-consistent mean field techniques

We developed a search algorithm combining Monte Carlo (MC) and self-consistent mean field techniques to evolve a peptide sequence that has good binding capability to the anticodon stem and loop (ASL) of human lysine tRNA species, tRNA^Lys3, with the ultimate purpose of breaking the replication cycle of human immunodeficiency virus-1. The starting point is the 15-amino-acid sequence, RVTHHAFLGAHRTVG, found experimentally by Agris and co-workers to bind selectively to hypermodified tRNA^Lys3. The peptide backbone conformation is determined via atomistic simulation of the peptide-ASL^Lys3 complex and then held fixed throughout the search. The proportion of amino acids of various types (hydrophobic, polar, charged, etc.) is varied to mimic different peptide hydration properties. Three different sets of hydration properties were examined in the search algorithm to see how this affects evolution to the best-binding peptide sequences. Certain amino acids are commonly found at fixed sites for all three hydration states, some necessary for binding affinity and some necessary for binding specificity. Analysis of the binding structure and the various contributions to the binding energy shows that: 1) two hydrophilic residues (asparagine at site 11 and the cysteine at site 12) “recognize” the ASL^Lys3 due to the VDW energy, and thereby contribute to its binding specificity and 2) the positively charged arginines at sites 4 and 13 preferentially attract the negatively charged sugar rings and the phosphate linkages, and thereby contribute to the binding affinity.     

健美操运动对军校中青年女性心肺功能的影响

目的:本文通过对我校参加了6个月健美操锻炼的50名中青年女教师及150名青年女学员,进行心肺功能测试评价健美操运动对军校中青年女性心肺功能的影响.方法:测试训练前后安静心率、血压、呼吸频率、肺活量及哈佛试验指数.结果:健美操训练后中青年女教师和青年女学员的心肺功能增强,哈佛指数增加.结论:经常参加有氧健美操锻炼,对中青年女性心肺功能具有明显的改善作用.有氧健美操锻炼是一种适合中青年女性特别是适合中年女性的体育锻炼方式.     

我国主要类型生态系统结构功能与提高生产力途径研究──KJ85－06项目1991～1995研究进展简介

KJ 85-06项目是“八五”期间由中国科学院资助的最大的生态学研究计划.19个研究所、20个试验站、530余名科技人员参加了该项计划,5年总经费1000万元.研究工作取得了重大进展,迄今已发表论文450余篇、专着3部,尚有大量论文与多部专着将陆续出版.本文简要介绍了有关主要研究进展,并就生态系统优化管理研究和生态过程、人类活动影响联网研究提出了两点主张.     

云南几种主要植被类型土壤中木霉的生态分布

调查了云南省４种植被下土壤真菌总数、木霉数量及种类分布特点．森林土壤中木霉相对数量约占土壤真菌总数的３～１５％,并随不同样地、采样季节及土层而异,优势种类因不同林型土壤而异．钩状木霉分布广泛,尤其在热带雨林的土壤生境中占优势．哈茨木霉和黄绿木霉则分别在季风和半湿润常绿阔叶林土壤中出现频率较高．     

表施和混施污泥对团花根系生长的影响

林地利用被认为是污泥资源化利用的重要方式,但施用污泥对林木根系生长的影响报道较少。本研究通过根箱试验,分析表施和混施10%污泥对速生树种团花不同土层根系形态、土壤pH值和电导率动态变化及根系重金属含量的影响,并拟合土壤pH值、电导率和根系重金属含量与根长的关系。结果表明: 与不施污泥(对照)相比,混施污泥显著抑制了团花根长、根表面积和根体积增长,混施污泥120和240 d后,0～20 cm土层总根长分别为不施污泥的76.9%和67.4%;表施污泥对团花根长和根表面积的影响不显著,但显著提高了根体积。混施污泥显著提高了土壤pH值和电导率及根系重金属含量,混施污泥0～20和20～40 cm土层根系镉含量分别是不施污泥的11.5和10.0倍。线性回归拟合分析显示,不同处理0～20 cm土层的电导率与根长均呈显著负相关;表施和混施污泥根系镉含量与根长呈极显著负相关。上述结果表明,混施污泥抑制了团花根系生长,这可能是由于混施污泥提高了土壤电导率和根系镉含量所致,而表施污泥对团花根系生长的作用不明显。     

深海白色侧齿霉遗传转化体系建立及渗透压调控相关的EaSHO1基因功能

海洋中具有丰富的动植物及微生物资源,海洋真菌是其重要组成之一。我们前期的研究发现一株深海真菌白色侧齿霉Engyodontium album能产生具有抑菌活性的次级代谢产物engyodontiumin A,该化合物能抑制黑曲霉、金黄色葡萄球菌及创伤弧菌等病原菌的生长,是一种潜在的海洋源抗菌药物。目前,该菌遗传转化体系尚未建立,不利于开展次级代谢产物合成调控机制及其他功能基因研究。本研究成功制备了深海白色侧齿霉菌的原生质体,建立了借助聚乙二醇3350介导的原生质体转化体系,并将pCT74-sGFP载体成功导入白色侧齿霉的原生质体中,结果显示外源GFP能稳定表达。此外,为了明确白色侧齿霉菌是否能够开展基因敲除研究,通过氨基酸序列同源比对,我们选取酵母高渗甘油信号途径中的同源基因EaSHO1进行初步探究。利用同源重组的方法成功将目的基因EaSHO1的开放阅读框(ORF)替换成潮霉素磷酸转移酶基因(HPH),由此获得EaSHO1基因敲除突变体,并对突变体进行Southern杂交验证及初步的表型分析。结果表明,EaSHO1缺失不影响白色侧齿霉菌的营养生长及对高盐胁迫的响应,亚细胞定位结果显示EaS...     

Positive Effects of Biochar on the Degraded Forest Soil and Tree Growth in China: A Systematic Review

Soil degradation threatens the forest sustainable productivity, particularly in afforestation system. Biochar derived from agroforestry waste or biomass can potentially improve the degraded forest soil and promote the tree growth. To expand the application of biochar for forestry productivity improvement, we here reviewed the effects and the underlying mechanisms of biochar on the degraded forest soil and tree growth. Totally 96 studies that conducted from pot to field investigations in China were summarized. The result suggested that biochar generally exerted positive effects on restoration of degraded forest soil such as that with compaction, acidification or soil erosion, which are mainly manifested by improving soil porosity, increasing pH, enhancing erosion resistance and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, biochar incorporation promoted the growth of tested trees in most cases, which effect was mainly attributing to directly supplying nutrients, improving soil physio-chemical properties, enhancing the root’s nutrient absorption capacity, and enlarging the living space. In summary, current studies demonstrate that biochar has a unique potential for improving degraded forest soils and promoting tree growth. However, investigations on the underlying mechanisms and the long-term effects should be strengthened.     

Root traits of perennial C4 grasses contribute to cultivar variations in soil chemistry and species patterns in particulate and mineral-associated carbon pool formation

Recent studies have indicated that the C₄ perennial bioenergy crops switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) accumulate significant amounts of soil carbon (C) owing to their extensive root systems. Soil C accumulation is likely driven by inter- and intraspecific variability in plant traits, but the mechanisms that underpin this variability remain unresolved. In this study we evaluated how inter- and intraspecific variation in root traits of cultivars from switchgrass (Cave-in-Rock, Kanlow, Southlow) and big bluestem (Bonanza, Southlow, Suther) affected the associations of soil C accumulation across soil fractions using stable isotope techniques. Our experimental field site was established in June 2008 at Fermilab in Batavia, IL. In 2018, soil cores were collected (30 cm depth) from all cultivars. We measured root biomass, root diameter, specific root length, bulk soil C, C associated with coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) and fine particulate organic matter plus silt- and clay-sized fractions, and characterized organic matter chemical class composition in soil using high-resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. C₄ species were established on soils that supported C₃ grassland for 36 years before planting, which allowed us to use differences in the natural abundance of stable C isotopes to quantify C₄ plant-derived C. We found that big bluestem had 36.9% higher C₄ plant-derived C compared to switchgrass in the CPOM fraction in the 0–10 cm depth, while switchgrass had 60.7% higher C₄ plant-derived C compared to big bluestem in the clay fraction in the 10–20 cm depth. Our findings suggest that the large root system in big bluestem helps increase POM-C formation quickly, while switchgrass root structure and chemistry build a mineral-bound clay C pool through time. Thus, both species and cultivar selection can help improve bioenergy management to maximize soil carbon gains and lower CO₂ emissions.