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951.
通过酸性含硒平板和摇瓶筛选出一株对低pH、高浓度硒有很好耐受性的菌株Y1,通过菌落形态特征分析和26S rDNA测序,鉴定该菌株为Pichia kudriavzevii,多抗性实验结果显示该菌是一株多重耐受性毕赤酵母。通过摇瓶实验研究了温度、接种量、摇床转速、pH对菌株除硒性能的影响,结果显示当温度为25℃,接种量为12%(v/v),摇床转速为250 r/min,pH为3.0时,菌株对硒的去除率最高为58.3%。基于不同pH发酵过程中菌体生物量及富硒量的不同表现:pH 3.0时生物量最高,pH 5.0时富硒量最高,提出两阶段pH调控策略:发酵0 h~14 h将pH控制在3.0,14 h~28 h将pH控制在5.0,最终除硒率可达78.6%,分别比pH恒定在3.0及5.0条件下提高了15.4%和21.7%。 相似文献
952.
Variation in growth rate,carbon assimilation,and photosynthetic efficiency in response to nitrogen source and concentration in phytoplankton isolated from upper San Francisco Bay 下载免费PDF全文
Gry Mine Berg Sara Driscoll Kendra Hayashi Melissa Ross Raphael Kudela 《Journal of phycology》2017,53(3):664-679
Six species of phytoplankton recently isolated from upper San Francisco Bay were tested for their sensitivity to growth inhibition by ammonium (NH4+), and for differences in growth rates according to inorganic nitrogen (N) growth source. The quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was a sensitive indicator of NH4+ toxicity, manifested by a suppression of Fv/Fm in a dose‐dependent manner. Two chlorophytes were the least sensitive to NH4+ inhibition, at concentrations of >3,000 μmoles NH4+ · L?1, followed by two estuarine diatoms that were sensitive at concentrations >1,000 μmoles NH4+ · L?1, followed lastly by two freshwater diatoms that were sensitive at concentrations between 200 and 500 μmoles NH4+ · L?1. At non‐inhibiting concentrations of NH4+, the freshwater diatom species grew fastest, followed by the estuarine diatoms, while the chlorophytes grew slowest. Variations in growth rates with N source did not follow taxonomic divisions. Of the two chlorophytes, one grew significantly faster on nitrate (NO3?), whereas the other grew significantly faster on NH4+. All four diatoms tested grew faster on NH4+ compared with NO3?. We showed that in cases where growth rates were faster on NH4+ than they were on NO3?, the difference was not larger for chlorophytes compared with diatoms. This holds true for comparisons across a number of culture investigations suggesting that diatoms as a group will not be at a competitive disadvantage under natural conditions when NH4+ dominates the total N pool and they will also not have a growth advantage when NO3? is dominant, as long as N concentrations are sufficient. 相似文献
953.
Overexpression of PP2A‐C5 that encodes the catalytic subunit 5 of protein phosphatase 2A in Arabidopsis confers better root and shoot development under salt conditions 下载免费PDF全文
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an enzyme consisting of three subunits: a scaffolding A subunit, a regulatory B subunit and a catalytic C subunit. PP2As were shown to play diverse roles in eukaryotes. In this study, the function of the Arabidopsis PP2A‐C5 gene that encodes the catalytic subunit 5 of PP2A was studied using both loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function analyses. Loss‐of‐function mutant pp2a‐c5‐1 displayed more impaired growth during root and shoot development, whereas overexpression of PP2A‐C5 conferred better root and shoot growth under different salt treatments, indicating that PP2A‐C5 plays an important role in plant growth under salt conditions. Double knockout mutants of pp2a‐c5‐1 and salt overly sensitive (sos) mutants sos1‐1, sos2‐2 or sos3‐1 showed additive sensitivity to NaCl, indicating that PP2A‐C5 functions in a pathway different from the SOS signalling pathway. Using yeast two‐hybrid analysis, four vacuolar membrane chloride channel (CLC) proteins, AtCLCa, AtCLCb, AtCLCc and AtCLCg, were found to interact with PP2A‐C5. Moreover, overexpression of AtCLCc leads to increased salt tolerance and Cl? accumulation in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. These data indicate that PP2A‐C5‐mediated better growth under salt conditions might involve up‐regulation of CLC activities on vacuolar membranes and that PP2A‐C5 could be used for improving salt tolerance in crops. 相似文献
954.
Virulence determines beneficial trade‐offs in the response of virus‐infected plants to drought via induction of salicylic acid 下载免费PDF全文
Emmanuel Aguilar Carmen Cutrona Francisco J. del Toro José G. Vallarino Sonia Osorio María Luisa Pérez‐Bueno Matilde Barón Bong‐Nam Chung Tomás Canto Francisco Tenllado 《Plant, cell & environment》2017,40(12):2909-2930
It has been hypothesized that plants can get beneficial trade‐offs from viral infections when grown under drought conditions. However, experimental support for a positive correlation between virus‐induced drought tolerance and increased host fitness is scarce. We investigated whether increased virulence exhibited by the synergistic interaction involving Potato virus X (PVX) and Plum pox virus (PPV) improves tolerance to drought and host fitness in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana. Infection by the pair PPV/PVX and by PPV expressing the virulence protein P25 of PVX conferred an enhanced drought‐tolerant phenotype compared with single infections with either PPV or PVX. Decreased transpiration rates in virus‐infected plants were correlated with drought tolerance in N. benthamiana but not in Arabidopsis. Metabolite and hormonal profiles of Arabidopsis plants infected with the different viruses showed a range of changes that positively correlated with a greater impact on drought tolerance. Virus infection enhanced drought tolerance in both species by increasing salicylic acid accumulation in an abscisic acid‐independent manner. Viable offspring derived from Arabidopsis plants infected with PPV increased relative to non‐infected plants, when exposed to drought. By contrast, the detrimental effect caused by the more virulent viruses overcame potential benefits associated with increased drought tolerance on host fitness. 相似文献
955.
昆虫交配是一个消耗能量的过程,因此交配后可能对其抗逆能力造成一定的影响。广聚萤叶甲是恶性杂草-豚草的专一性天敌,正常情况下,成虫耐饥饿和耐热能力较强。为明确交配对广聚萤叶甲成虫抗逆能力的影响,本研究观察在一次交配处理后,广聚萤叶甲在饥饿条件下或高温条件下继续存活时间。结果发现,在不提供食物的情况下,交配对雄虫的寿命影响不大,但雌虫的寿命(8.4 d±0.1 d)显著短于对照雌虫(10.8 d±0.1 d)。在高温状态下,无论取食与否,交配都会显著增加广聚萤叶甲雌雄成虫的耐热能力,尤其以雌虫表现更为明显(处理雌虫和对照雌虫存活时间分别为:取食(6.15 d±0.14 d,4.95 d±0.13 d)、不取食(5.55 d±0.13 d,4.81 d±0.11 d)。可见,交配降低广聚叶甲雌虫的饥饿能力,但成虫的耐热能力显著加强。 相似文献
956.
Jaydeep K Srimani Shuqiang Huang Allison J Lopatkin Lingchong You 《Molecular systems biology》2017,13(10)
The postantibiotic effect (PAE) refers to the temporary suppression of bacterial growth following transient antibiotic treatment. This effect has been observed for decades for a wide variety of antibiotics and microbial species. However, despite empirical observations, a mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon is lacking. Using a combination of modeling and quantitative experiments, we show that the PAE can be explained by the temporal dynamics of drug detoxification in individual cells after an antibiotic is removed from the extracellular environment. These dynamics are dictated by both the export of the antibiotic and the intracellular titration of the antibiotic by its target. This mechanism is generally applicable for antibiotics with different modes of action. We further show that efflux inhibition is effective against certain antibiotic motifs, which may help explain mixed cotreatment success. 相似文献
957.
Sarah Hawkins Eben Haeser Sembiring Kerrie Farrar Oene Dolstra Richard G. F. Visser Luisa M. Trindade 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2017,9(4):770-782
Miscanthus has a high potential as a biomass feedstock for biofuel production. Drought tolerance is an important breeding goal in miscanthus as water deficit is a common abiotic stress and crop irrigation is in most cases uneconomical. Drought may not only severely reduce biomass yields, but also affect biomass quality for biofuel production as cell wall remodeling is a common plant response to abiotic stresses. The quality and plant weight of 50 diverse miscanthus genotypes were evaluated under control and drought conditions (28 days no water) in a glasshouse experiment. Overall, drought treatment decreased plant weight by 45%. Drought tolerance – as defined by maintenance of plant weight – varied extensively among the tested miscanthus genotypes and ranged from 30% to 110%. Biomass composition was drastically altered due to drought stress, with large reductions in cell wall and cellulose content and a substantial increase in hemicellulosic polysaccharides. Stress had only a small effect on lignin content. Cell wall structural rigidity was also affected by drought conditions; substantially higher cellulose conversion rates were observed upon enzymatic saccharification of drought‐treated samples with respect to controls. Both cell wall composition and the extent of cell wall plasticity under drought varied extensively among all genotypes, but only weak correlations were found with the level of drought tolerance, suggesting their independent genetic control. High drought tolerance and biomass quality can thus potentially be advanced simultaneously. The extensive genotypic variation found for most traits in the evaluated miscanthus germplasm provides ample scope for breeding of drought‐tolerant varieties that are able to produce substantial yields of high‐quality biomass under water deficit conditions. The higher degradability of drought‐treated samples makes miscanthus an interesting crop for the production of second‐generation biofuels in marginal soils. 相似文献
958.
The importance of plant–soil feedback (PSF) has long been recognized, but the current knowledge on PSF patterns and the related mechanisms mainly stems from laboratory experiments. We aimed at addressing PSF effects on community performance and their determinants using an invasive forb Solidago canadensis. To do so, we surveyed 81 pairs of invaded versus uninvaded plots, collected soil samples from these pairwise plots, and performed an experiment with microcosm plant communities. The magnitudes of conditioning soil abiotic properties and soil biotic properties by S. canadensis were similar, but the direction was opposite; altered abiotic and biotic properties influenced the production of subsequent S. canadensis communities and its abundance similarly. These processes shaped neutral S. canadensis–soil feedback effects at the community level. Additionally, the relative dominance of S. canadensis increased with its ability of competitive suppression in the absence and presence of S. canadensis–soil feedbacks, and S. canadensis‐induced decreases in native plant species did not alter soil properties directly. These findings provide a basis for understanding PSF effects and the related mechanisms in the field conditions and also highlight the importance of considering PSFs holistically. 相似文献
959.
环境胁迫对植物的生长不利。转录因子DREB2对干旱、高温、低温等非生物胁迫应答基因的表达具有重要的调控作用。磷酸肌醇磷脂酶C对 DREB2 基因有双向调节机制。深入了解 DREB2 和磷酸肌醇磷脂酶C的研究进展及其在生物工程上的应用,以及磷酸肌醇磷脂酶C对 DREB2 基因的表达调控机理,可以为磷酸肌醇磷脂酶C和 DREB2 基因在提高植物胁迫耐受性中的利用提供基础。 相似文献
960.
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are powerful computational tools that are designed to replicate the human brain and adopted to solve a variety of problems in many different fields. Fault tolerance (FT), an important property of ANNs, ensures their reliability when significant portions of a network are lost. In this paper, a fault/noise injection-based (FIB) genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to construct fault-tolerant ANNs. The FT performance of an FIB-GA was compared with that of a common genetic algorithm, the back-propagation algorithm, and the modification of weights algorithm. The FIB-GA showed a slower fitting speed when solving the exclusive OR (XOR) problem and the overlapping classification problem, but it significantly reduced the errors in cases of single or multiple faults in ANN weights or nodes. Further analysis revealed that the fit weights showed no correlation with the fitting errors in the ANNs constructed with the FIB-GA, suggesting a relatively even distribution of the various fitting parameters. In contrast, the output weights in the training of ANNs implemented with the use the other three algorithms demonstrated a positive correlation with the errors. Our findings therefore indicate that a combination of the fault/noise injection-based method and a GA is capable of introducing FT to ANNs and imply that the distributed ANNs demonstrate superior FT performance. 相似文献