麝凤蝶的发育起点温度和有效积温

在 1 6～ 3 1℃范围内设置了 6个温度对麝凤蝶ByasaalcinousKlug卵、幼虫、蛹的发育速率进行了测定。结果表明 ,卵、幼虫、蛹在 1 6～ 3 1℃范围内均能正常生长发育 ,尤以 2 5～ 2 8℃条件下最适宜于该蝶的生长发育 ,发育速率与温度呈直线关系。用直线回归法得到卵、幼虫、蛹的发育起点温度分别为 9 3 ,7 1 ,6 8℃ ,有效积温分别为 90 2 ,3 87 4,2 2 7 9日·度。     

Spectral Sensitivity of the Hawaiian Saddle Wrasse, Thalassoma duperrey, and Implications for Visually Mediated Behaviour on Coral Reefs

Although tropical coral reefs are one of the most spectrally complex habitats, there is relatively little known about colour vision of reef fish. In this study, we measured the spectral sensitivity of an endemic Hawaiian coral reef fish, Thalassoma duperrey (family Labridae), and assessed the possible role of visual sensitivity in mediating intraspecific communication. Electrophysiological recordings of compound action potentials from retinal ganglion cells were used to generate spectral sensitivity curves for specific wavelengths (380–620nm). We found at least 2 sensitivity peaks for the on response (_max=460, 550nm). The off response lacked a short wavelength mechanism but a medium wavelength mechanism (_max=545nm) and a longwave mechanism (_max=570nm) were found. To quantify the visual stimulus provided by a conspecific individual, spectral reflectance from the colour pattern of T. duperrey was measured with a spectroradiometer. Luminance and spectral contrast were computed between colour patches of the pattern and between the patches and natural backgrounds (i.e., water and coral). Reflectance from the blue head and contrast from the blue, green and red patches matched the sensitivity maxima of T. duperrey, although this depended on the type of background. Our results indicate that T. duperrey should be able to visually detect the colour pattern of a conspecific fish and that T. duperrey's visual system is designed to enhance target detection in the coral reef habitat with matched and offset cone mechanisms.     

变温和恒温对沙葱萤叶甲发育速率的影响

沙葱萤叶甲为近年来在内蒙古草原猖獗成灾的新害虫,为明确温度对其发育速率的影响,分别设置5个变温组合(8/20℃,11/23℃,14/26℃,17/29℃和20/32℃)和6个恒温(13℃,17℃,21℃,25℃,29℃和33℃),比较了变温和恒温对沙葱萤叶甲幼虫和蛹发育速率的影响。结果表明,不同变温组合和恒温对沙葱萤叶甲幼虫和蛹的发育速率有显著的影响。发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,在变温条件下,1龄幼虫期、2龄幼虫期、3龄幼虫期、总幼虫期和蛹期分别从最低温度组合(8/20℃,平均15℃)的11.00,13.44,23.18,46.42和16.89 d,缩短至最高温度组合(20/32℃,平均27℃)的4.92,4.63,9.17,17.83和5.83 d;在恒温条件下,13℃下幼虫不能发育和存活,1龄幼虫期、2龄幼虫期、3龄幼虫期、总幼虫期和蛹期分别从17℃的14.50,10.75,20.63,45.50和11.00 d,缩短至33℃的6.10,5.47,10.60,22.17和5.33 d。在变温条件下,幼虫和蛹的发育起点温度分别为7.44℃和8.48℃,有效积温分别为344.82日度和113.52日度;在恒温条件下,幼虫和蛹的发育起点温度分别为0.64℃和5.11℃,有效积温分别为714.28日度和147.06日度。变温促进了沙葱萤叶甲幼虫和蛹的发育,本研究结果为沙葱萤叶甲的预测预报及综合防控提供了科学依据。     

四维子宫输卵管超声造影假阳性与假阴性的原因分析

目的:调查与分析四维子宫输卵管超声造影假阳性与假阴性的原因.方法:选择2015年6月到2019年8月在本院妇产科临床初步诊断为输卵管不孕症患者125例,所有患者都给予X线子宫输卵管碘油造影(Hysterosalp ingography,HSG)与四维子宫输卵管超声造影,记录诊断效果、不良反应,判断假阳性与假阴性的发生原...     

Stability of ultramer as copy number standards in real-time PCR

Since commercial copy number standards are not always available for real-time PCR, alternative sources of DNA are used. Unfortunately, stored genomic DNA or PCR amplicon has been shown to be unstable, resulting in variable copy number. More recently, the use of ultramer as copy number standard has been reported. However, there is little information on the stability of ultramer under different storage conditions. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the stability of ultramer as copy number standard under different storage conditions using different mixing methods. We found that ultramer copy number was not affected by storage at either 4 °C or − 20 °C over a period of 30 days. Furthermore, the method of mixing the ultramer did not appear to contribute to variability in results. Irrespective of storage temperature or mixing method, there was less than 5% variance in Ct value over a period of 30 days. A duplicate set of standards costs approximately $0.01. Therefore, the use of ultramer as copy number standards in real-time PCR, is cost effective and convenient.     

河漫滩湿地生态阈值——以二卡自然保护区为例

以典型河漫滩湿地 —— 二卡自然保护区为研究区域,进行生态阈值研究。根据湿地补给河流 —— 海拉尔河的月均流量频率分布特征,选取58.72 m³/s(P=74.6%)、119.26 m³/s(P=44.4%)、190.35 m³/s(P=23.8%)分别代表河流的低、中、高径流期,分析各径流期湿地分布特征。结果表明,低、中径流期内草本沼泽及盐化沼泽所占比例较高,而高径流期则以季节性河流湿地及湖泊湿地为主。低径流期内,作为湿地中心区的湖泊湿地景观破碎度出现一个较明显的跃变,由中径流期的0.57增加到1.37。此时的湿地状态可近似的作为区域的生态阈值,即维持湿地面积占全区域面积的43.03%。而中、高径流期湿地面积比例可近似作为保护区湿地面积的适宜值和理想值,分别为53.66%和69.53%。其研究结果为二卡自然保护区的管理及保护提供支持,并为河漫滩湿地研究提供思路。     

Sensitive Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/Vascular Permeability Factor in Human Serum

A sandwich chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for measuring the level of VEGF /VPF in serum was constructed. The detectability of the assay is very low (1.0pg/ml) and the measurable range of the assay was very wide (1–1000 pg/ml). The assay showed that the average level of VEGF /VPF in human sera from healthy blood donors was approximately 19 pg/ml.     

Landscape effects on birds in urban woodlands: an analysis of 34 Swedish cities

Aim To compare bird abundances in woodlands along gradients from the city centre to the peri‐urban area. To evaluate the importance of the proportion of woodland within the city and in the peri‐urban landscape to forest bird communities breeding in urban woodlands. To test whether fragmentation effects on birds were linked to the type of peri‐urban matrix. Location A total of 34 Swedish cities with > 10,000 inhabitants in south‐central Sweden. The study area covered 105,000 km², in which 84% of the Swedish population of 9.1 million lives. Methods Repeated point count surveys were conducted in 2004 in a total of 474 woodlands. General linear models were used to test for possible differences in abundance along urban to peri‐urban gradients, and to regress bird abundances in local urban woodlands on: (1) total woodland cover in the city, (2) total woodland cover in the peri‐urban landscape, (3) the interaction between woodland cover in the city and in the peri‐urban area, (4) region, and (5) human density. Results More than 12,000 individuals of 100 forest bird species were recorded. Of the 34 most common species detected, 13 bird species had higher abundances in urban than in peri‐urban woodlands, and seven species showed the opposite trend. The bird community of urban woodlands was characterized by species associated with deciduous forests and tree nesters, whereas the bird community of peri‐urban woodlands was characterized by species associated with coniferous woodland and ground nesters. Twelve species were significantly linearly associated with the proportion of urban woodland and/or the proportion of peri‐urban woodland, and a further eight species were associated with the interaction between these two factors. Local breeding bird abundances of four species were significantly positively associated with the proportion of urban woodland only in farmland‐dominated landscapes. Main conclusions Fragmentation effects on some urban birds are linked to the type of peri‐urban matrix. In farmland landscapes, peri‐urban woodlands may have been too scarce to act as a source of bird immigrants to fragmented urban woodlands. To maintain populations of specialized forest birds within cities in landscapes dominated by agriculture, it is of paramount importance to conserve any remaining urban woodlands.     

Variety‐specific Epidemiology of Cercospora beticola Sacc. and Consequences for Threshold‐based Timing of Fungicide Application in Sugar Beet

In Central Europe, fungicides to control leaf spot disease in sugar beet caused by Cercospora beticola are applied based on thresholds of disease incidence (DI, per cent of infected plants). As variety‐specific fungicide application was not analyzed to date, the epidemiology of C. beticola and its effect on white sugar yield (WSY) in varieties with different susceptibility were investigated at seven sites in Germany and Austria in 2004 and 2005. All varieties reached the summary thresholds 5 / 15 / 45% DI in all environments. Fitting a logistic growth curve to DI revealed significant differences among varieties. At high disease pressure, susceptible varieties reached a considerably higher disease severity (DS, per cent of infected leaf area) at harvest and a larger area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) than resistant varieties. Fitting a logistic growth curve to DS showed an increasing differentiation among varieties with time. The growth rate estimated based on the logistic growth curve was the only variable that performed equally well in differentiating varieties under low and high disease pressure. With increasing disease pressure, varieties differed considerably in WSY, but differences between susceptible and resistant varieties were significant only in some environments. The disease‐loss relation between AUDPC and relative WSY was variety‐specific. Resistant varieties had an approximately identical WSY with and without infection and compensated for negative infection effects even at higher AUDPC. Therefore, at high disease pressure, resistant varieties had a higher relative yield compared to susceptible ones. However, our results indicate that there is no need to develop variety‐specific thresholds, but resistant varieties reach the established thresholds later than susceptible ones. Consequently, the time of fungicide application can be delayed in resistant varieties. This will help to reduce the use of fungicides to the bare essentials as requested for the integrated crop protection management.