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71.
Concurrent observations of soil water potential and leaf stomata diffusion resistance were made on two, plots of wheat grown at Datun Agro-ecological Experimental Station in Beijing under two different soil water conditions. These data were further complemented by weather and physiological observation. In this paper, we mainly analysed the influence of soil water potential on the status of wheat leaf stomatal resistance. The results indicate that: (1) there is a obvious influence of soil water potential on the status of wheat leaf stomata under normal conditions and (2) there is a different upper and lower epidermis stomata of wheat leaf respond to the soil water potential. The lower epidermis stomata are more sensitive to soil water potential than upper epidermis one. (3) There is a linear relationship between the ratio of lower and upper epidermis stomata resistance and soil water potential in root layer, according to this we can diagnose the degree of wheat water deficit. 相似文献
72.
Takahashi A Kondoh M Uchida H Kakamu Y Hamakubo T Yagi K 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2011,(3):317-470
Passage across epithelial cell sheets is the first step in drug absorption. Tight junctions (TJs) are located between adjacent epithelial cells and seal the intercellular space preventing leakage of solutes. Claudin, a tetra-transmembrane protein family, is a pivotal functional and structural component of the TJ barrier. Modulation of the claudin-based TJ seal is a strategy for mucosal drug absorption. We previously found that a claudin-4 binder, a C-terminal fragment of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE194), was a modulator of the TJ seal and a potent mucosal absorption enhancer. In the present study, we attempted to improve claudin-4 binders by modification of C-CPE194. Substitution of Asn at position 309 and Ser at position 313 with Ala increased the affinity to claudin-4 by 9.9-fold as compared to C-CPE194. Deletion of 10 amino acids in the N-terminal domain of the double-alanine-substituted mutant increased affinity to claudin-4 by 23.9-fold as compared to C-CPE194. These C-CPE194 mutants reversibly modulated the TJ seal in human intestinal epithelial cell sheets. The N-terminal-truncated mutant was the most potent modulator of the TJ seal. These findings indicate that the C-CPE mutant may be a promising lead for the development of a clinical TJ modulator. 相似文献
73.
《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2002,6(3-4):103-123
Our article uses a new institutional economics (NIE) framework to explore the role of voluntary industry standards in the development and implementation of environmental supplier-management programs in the computer industry. We examine two different voluntary standards, one for the management of design for environment (DfE) in the semiconductor fabrication equipment sector and the other for assessing the implementation and use of environmental management systems throughout the computer industry supply chain. We compare and contrast the two standards to explain why the former was widely adopted and has helped integrate DfE into buyer-supplier relations among adopters, whereas the latter failed to gain acceptance. In line with NIE logic, both standards aimed to lower transaction and customization costs by setting "rules of the game" for interfirm transactions that would help simplify and routinize novel environmental supply-chain programs and activities. Their differential success can be elucidated in terms of how well each met the NIE criteria for remediableness and legitimacy. We conclude that voluntary standards have the potential to play an important role in promoting DfE in industrial supply chains. We further conclude that NIE provides a conceptual framework of great value to industrial ecologists who analyze how industry standards and other institutions help firms move toward more sustainable supply-chain management practices. 相似文献
74.
75.
Effect of Cholecystokinin Octapeptide on Endogenous Amino Acid Release from the Rat Ventromedial Nucleus of the Hypothalamus and Striatum 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Susan Barnes Harold L. Whistler John Hughes G. N. Woodruff John C. Hunter 《Journal of neurochemistry》1991,56(4):1409-1416
The sulphated octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8S) was found to cause a dose-dependent increase in the basal release of aspartate, glycine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid from the striatum and the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH). No effect on amino acid release was observed after electrical (VMH) or potassium (striatum) stimulation. Experiments performed using the CCKB-selective antagonist L-365,260 and the CCKA-selective antagonist L-364,718 suggested that this action of CCK-8S was mediated via the CCKB receptor. The ability of CCK-8S to evoke amino acid release was not dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium, though the effect was abolished by tetrodotoxin. Inhibition of protein kinase activity by staurosporine prevented the excitatory effects of CCK-8S on amino acid release. 相似文献
76.
A deletion mutant that lacks the Psb30 protein, one of the small subunits of Photosystem II, was constructed in a Thermosynechococcus elongatus strain in which the D1 protein is expressed from the psbA3 gene (WT*). The ΔPsb30 mutant appears more susceptible to photodamage, has a cytochrome b559 that is converted into the low potential form, and probably also lacks the PsbY subunit. In the presence of an inhibitor of protein synthesis, the ?Psb30 lost more rapidly the water oxidation function than the WT* under the high light conditions. These results suggest that Psb30 contributes to structurally and functionally stabilise the Photosystem II complex in preventing the conversion of cytochrome b559 into the low potential form. Structural reasons for such effects are discussed. 相似文献
77.
城市化所带来的土地利用变化和化石燃料燃烧对全球碳循环和气候变化产生了深远影响.明确城市区域CO2浓度的空间变化特征,对于认识和控制温室气体排放、减少人类活动对全球气候变化的影响具有重要意义.本研究以高强度人类扰动和快速城市化背景下的上海市为研究对象,于2014年春季利用近红外气体分析仪Li 840A开展近地面CO2浓度样带监测,结合遥感数据获取的城市下垫面特征信息,在明确上海市近地面CO2浓度空间分布格局的基础上,进一步定量分析其对城市下垫面特征的响应机制.结果表明: 上海市近地面CO2浓度为(443.4±22.0) μmol·mol-1,城市中心CO2浓度比郊区平均高12.5%(52.5 μmol·mol-1).近地面CO2浓度空间异质性显著,呈现西北高、西南次之、东南低的趋势,总体表现为随着下垫面城市化水平的降低而降低. 城市下垫面植被覆盖率(CVeg)是城市近地面CO2浓度的重要指示因子,两者呈现负相关;不透水层覆盖率(CISA)次之,两者呈正相关.CO2浓度(CCO2)与CISA及CVeg的相关性(R2)在缓冲距离为5 km时同时达到峰值,三者之间的定量关系可通过建立逐步回归方程表征:CCO2=0.32CISA-0.89CVeg+445.13 (R2=0.66, P<0.01).
相似文献
78.
滋补肾阴方与温补肾阳方对卵巢切除所致骨质疏松大鼠治疗作用的对比研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
目的 对比观察滋补肾阴方与温补肾阳方对卵巢切除所致骨质疏松大鼠的治疗作用 ,以探讨它们之间的疗效是否存在差异。方法 将雌性Wistar大鼠 4 9只随机分为正常对照组、假手术组、卵巢切除组、滋阴组 (灌服生药含量为 1 0 5g ml的滋补肾阴方 ,按每 10 0g体重 0 7ml剂量 )、补阳组 (灌服生药含量为 0 78g ml的温补肾阳方 ,按每 10 0g体重 0 7ml剂量 )。于造模 3个月后开始给药 ,1次 日 ,连续 6d ,休息一天后 ,再连续灌服 6d。给药 2个月后 ,将大鼠处死 ,取胫骨行不脱钙骨切片 ,甲苯胺蓝染色 ,对其进行骨组织形态计量。结果 切除卵巢 5个月后 ,大鼠胫骨TBV %显著降低 ,TRS %以及TFS %、AFS %、MAR、BFR、OSW和mAR皆显著增高 ,给大鼠灌服滋阴补肾方和温补肾阳方 2个月后 ,均能使上述指标发生逆转 ,但程度有所不同 ,温补肾阳方的效果要明显优于滋补肾阴方。结论 滋补肾阴方与温补肾阳方对卵巢切除所致的骨质疏松均有明显的治疗作用 ,但温补肾阳方的疗效要优于滋阴补肾方。 相似文献
79.
80.
农牧交错带土地沙化的本质及其形成研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
通过对陕北农牧交错带不同类型沙化土地土体构型、土壤质地、元素组成和理化性质的分析,研究了土地沙化的本质。结果表明:受风沙作用影响,土壤中细粒物质逐渐减少,颗粒组成变粗;表层消失,最终被流沙所取代,原土壤剖面被覆盖在沙层之下;土壤有机质及养分含量减少,保水保肥性能降低,生产力不断下降;现代土壤形成过程以侵蚀和风沙沉积为主,物质淋溶和化学风化微弱。研究区土地沙化可划分为:风沙侵蚀为主、风沙蚀积平衡、风沙沉积为主和土壤形成发育4个阶段;沙化土地的类型有:肥力衰退质地粗化、表层剥蚀、片沙覆盖、流动沙丘与固定沙丘等5种。 相似文献