水稻蜡质基因第一内含子中g片段上核蛋白因子结合位点的确定

水稻蜡质基因 5’非翻译区中的第一内含子具有增强基因表达的作用 ,本实验室曾检测到该内含子中的一段 171bp长的g片段与水稻未成熟种子核蛋白存在特异性结合。本文进一步用凝胶滞后实验和足印实验确定了该核蛋白在g片段上的结合位点位于蜡质基因转录起始点下游 783～ 818bp处 ,该结合位点富含AT碱基 ;Southwesternblot实验测出该蛋白的分子量约为 2 0kD。用硫酸铵分步沉淀和肝素 Sepharose柱层析的方法对这一蛋白进行了初步纯化。还初步检测了此蛋白DNA结合活性对温度的耐受性。以上特征提示它可能属于HMG类DNA结合蛋白     

Vegetation patterns in relation to micro-scale landforms in hilly land regions

Spatial structures of landforms as constants affecting vegetation patterns are discussed based on analyses of hilly land regions, mostly in the vicinity of Sendai, northeast Japan. The lower part of a hillslope is characterized by relatively active processes of soil erosion, landslides and slope failure. It supports a plant community different from that on the upper part of the hillslope. These two parts are termed the lower hillslope and the upper hillslope, respectively. The upper hillslope consists of valley heads with no stream water nor stream channels. Since a valley head is comprised of several micro-scale landform units, an upper hillslope can be subdivided into these landform units. Plant communities vary in their species compositions and structures as well as in some other ecological characteristics paralleling changes in their respective micro-scale landform units. However, the variations in species composition within upper hillslopes are not as extreme as those between the upper and lower hillslopes. xx]Papers presented at the Vth INTECOL Congress at YOKO-hama 1990.     

Bioacoustic analysis of frog calls from northeast India

Mating calls of three frog species abundant in northeast IndiaRana tigerina,Rana cyanophlyctis andRana limnocharis were recorded in the fields of Assam and Meghalaya during their breeding season (July-August, 1991). The calls were analysed for their temporal and spectral characters. They were species specific, with distinct call duration and call period, number of pulses per call and interpulse interval, and dominant frequency and frequency domain. A comparison of the mating calls ofRana cyanophlyctis with those of the siblingRana ehrenbergi from Yemen showed differences in their temporal and spectral characters, supporting the suggestion that these two species are distinct species, rather than subspecies of the same species. Differences in the temporal and spectral pattern were found in the mating calls of morphologically alike specimens ofRana limnocharis, indicating that the present morphotypeRana limnocharis in northeast India is composed of several species.     

Decision science for effective management of populations subject to stochasticity and imperfect knowledge

Many species are threatened by human activity through processes such as habitat modification, water management, hunting, and introduction of invasive species. These anthropogenic threats must be mitigated as efficiently as possible because both time and money available for mitigation are limited. For example, it is essential to address the type and degree of uncertainties present to derive effective management strategies for managed populations. Decision science provides the tools required to produce effective management strategies that can maximize or minimize the desired objective(s) based on imperfect knowledge, taking into account stochasticity. Of particular importance are questions such as how much of available budgets should be invested in reducing uncertainty and which uncertainties should be reduced. In such instances, decision science can help select efficient environmental management actions that may be subject to stochasticity and imperfect knowledge. Here, we review the use of decision science in environmental management to demonstrate the utility of the decision science framework. Our points are illustrated using examples from the literature. We conclude that collaboration between theoreticians and practitioners is crucial to maximize the benefits of decision science’s rational approach to dealing with uncertainty.     

飞蝗可溶型海藻糖酶基因的序列分析及mRNA表达特性

海藻糖酶是海藻糖代谢过程中的一个关键酶, 在昆虫发育和能量调节中具有重要作用, 为进一步探讨海藻糖酶基因的功能, 本文分析了飞蝗Locusta migratoria一可溶型海藻糖酶基因的氨基酸序列并对其mRNA表达特性进行了研究。结果表明： 该海藻糖酶（TRE, GenBank登录号： FJ795020）不含有跨膜结构。系统进化树分析结果显示, 该酶与大豆蚜Aphis glycines、 豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum、 褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens和灰飞虱Laodelphax striatella可溶型海藻糖酶具有较近的亲缘关系, 因此我们将该酶的基因命名为LmTre-1。对该基因在不同组织和发育时期表达量的荧光定量 PCR 分析表明： LmTre-1在卵发育前期、 中期的表达量都很低, 卵发育后期表达量显著提高; LmTre-1在5龄若虫和成虫被检测的组织部位中均有表达, 在体壁中的表达量最高, 其次是在脂肪体、 肌肉、 气管、 精巢及卵巢中; 5龄飞蝗刚蜕皮后LmTre-1在体壁中的表达量较高, 随着生长发育其表达量逐渐降低; LmTre-1在成虫发育期体壁中稳定高表达。LmTre-1的mRNA表达特性与几丁质合成酶1基因非常相似, 据此推测该基因可能与体壁几丁质的合成相关。本研究为深入探讨该基因的生理功能提供了重要的基础数据, 并为以海藻糖酶为杀虫靶标的农药筛选奠定实验基础。     

医患不信任问题对医方医疗行为的影响及对策分析

目的 客观真实的描述医患间的信任现状及其对医方医疗行为的影响,并提出相关对策建议。方法 对北京市5家三甲医院医务人员和患者共1 010人进行问卷调查,对25位医务人员进行定性访谈,通过统计分析描述并分析医患不信任问题现状及其对医方医疗行为的影响。结果 医方对于医患关系的评价低于患方,存在感觉患者不信任医方的担忧;继而产生了其言行过分谨慎、规避风险、消极自保的行为,甚至偏离医学科学原则的现象。结论 医患不信任情况的确存在,已经对于医方的医疗行为造成了不良影响,必须从政府、医院以及媒体3方面采取应对措施,以缓解医患间的不和谐关系,重建医患间不可或缺的信任。     

Proteomic analysis of endogenous nitrotryptophan-containing proteins in rat hippocampus and cerebellum

Nitration of tryptophan residues is a novel post-translational modification. In the present study, we examined whether NO₂Trp (nitrotryptophan)-containing proteins are produced in the hippocampus and cerebellum of the adult rat under physiological conditions in vivo. Using Western blot analysis with anti-6-NO₂Trp-specific antibody, we found many similar immunoreactive spots in the protein extracts from both regions. These spots were subsequently subjected to trypsin digestion and LC-ESI-MS/MS (LC-electrospray ionization-tandem MS) analysis. We identified several cytoskeletal proteins and glycolytic enzymes as NO₂Trp-containing proteins and determined the position of nitrated tryptophan residues with significant ion score levels (P<0.05) in several proteins in both regions. We also observed that the total amount of NO₂Trp-containing proteins in the cerebellum was significantly greater than that in the hippocampus (P<0.05). Moreover, IP (immunoprecipitation) assays using anti-aldolase C antibody showed that the relative intensity of immunostaining for NO₂Trp over aldolase C was much higher in cerebellum than in hippocampus. The amounts of nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) and eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) were much greater in cerebellum than in hippocampus. This is the first evidence of several specific sites of nitrated tryptophan in proteins under physiological conditions in vivo.     

一株嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌裂解性噬菌体的分离及生物学特性

【背景】嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌是一种广泛存在于医院和自然环境中的条件致病菌,其分离率与耐药率逐年增加。噬菌体是一类能特异性感染并杀灭细菌的病毒。【目的】分离一株新型嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌噬菌体,为临床嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌感染及防控提供补充手段。【方法】以临床分离的嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌为宿主菌,用点板法从医院污水中分离鉴定噬菌体;用双层平板法测定噬菌体效价及一步生长曲线等生物学特性;用透射电镜观察噬菌体形态;提取噬菌体基因组DNA进行全基因组测序,拼接噬菌体基因组并进行注释。【结果】分离到一株嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌裂解性噬菌体,命名为v B＿Sma S＿P11。该噬菌体感染宿主菌的潜伏期小于5 min,快速增殖60 min后达到平稳期,暴发量为100 PFU/cell。透射电镜观察该噬菌体为长尾噬菌体,具有典型的二十面体头和不可收缩的尾部。基因组测序结果表明,该噬菌体基因组全长44 600 bp,GC含量为63.7%,无抗生素耐受基因、毒力基因和t RNA,与NCBI数据库中所有已知嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌噬菌体相比同源性很低。基因组注释显示该噬菌体含有66个开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),其...