结合地方特色的微生物学案例教学

微生物学是现代生物学重要的基础学科,微生物学课堂教学模式的创新与改革对培养生命科学创新人才具有重要作用。案例教学是激发学生学习兴趣,提高学生学习主动性的有效措施。微生物学案例教学中案例来源可以多样化,采用具有地方特色、发生在学生身边的案例更能激发学生的学习兴趣。根据不同的案例类型和教学目的,微生物学案例教学可以分为提出问题、发现问题和解决问题3种教学组织形式。案例教学不仅能促进课堂教学的开放与互动,对学生的价值引导也具有重要的作用。     

基于翻转课堂的环境生物学实验PBL教学设计与实践

基于翻转课堂理论,结合以问题为基础的学习(Problem-based learning,PBL)教学法的"问题设置"、"问题解决"等特点与优势,构建了适用于实验操作类课程的教学模式,并以"水体疑遭粪便污染"这一实际问题作为情景进行的综合设计性实验为例,对高等教育环境相关本科专业基础课程"环境生物学实验"进行了创新性教学设计和实践。该教学模式通过课前准备、课中实施和课后反馈3个过程对实际问题进行分析和解决。课前准备包括教学团队针对实际问题设置若干相关实验场景,制作和搜集相应教学视频等教学资源,安排学生学习和完成任务;课中实施时教师直接指导学生进行实验操作,强调观察和记录实验现象,提出问题引导学生思考;课后反馈为学生提交实验结果与讨论、完成巩固练习和反馈问题等。实践表明,该教学模式在一线教学中行之有效,能取得较好的教学效果,值得推广。     

案例教学法结合多媒体教学法在超声专业教学中的应用研究

目的:研究案例教学法结合多媒体教学法在超声专业教学中的应用效果。方法:选择2015年3月到2017年3月在我院超声科实习的112名医学院学生进行研究,按照随机数字表法将医学生分成观察组及对照组,各56例,对照组采用传统教学法实施教学,观察组则采用案例教学法以及多媒体教学法实施综合教学,在每学期末,统计并对比两组学生理论成绩和实践成绩,以及两组学生对教学方式的满意度。结果:观察组的理论成绩和实践成绩各项目分值均分别明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组学生对教学方式的满意度为98.21%,明显高于对照组的87.50%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:案例教学法与多媒体教学法的综合应用能够有效提升超声专业学生的理论成绩和实践成绩,还可改善其对教学方式的满意度,效果较好,临床超声教学可考虑将此种教学方式进行广泛推广,从而更有利于培养专业人才。     

Geroprosthodontics: The Nijmegen and Manchester Dental Schools approach

If quality of care for elderly patients is to be achieved, thorough and realistic geroprosthodontic treatment planning is essential. This requires mature consideration, incorporating comprehensive patient assessment and selection of the most appropriate treatment option for each patient. The latter should be based on criteria which meet the demands of a healthy dentition and which enable a patient to achieve satisfactory oral function. The Nijmegen and Manchester Dental Schools have evolved simple patient-related treatment guidelines. These start with a problem-oriented approach which leads to a provisional treatment. The provisional treatment is intended to result in a healthy dentition that is monitored over an appropriate period. Evaluation of the provisional treatment leads to three options: extension of the monitoring time, preservation of the natural occlusion or loss of the natural occlusion. Definitive prosthodontic treatment plans are based on the second or third option. In the maintenance of good oral health after prosthodontic treatments, plaque and diet control are essential elements. Recall or maintenance programmes must be carried out if successful treatment is to be achieved and maintained.     

Graduate education and the role of the physical anthropologist in biomedical teaching and research

There is a place for the physical anthropologist in biomedical teaching and research because of the special and unique skills possessed by this individual. However, eventual success in the health sciences environment requires the student to obtain the knowledge and background for functionally oriented teaching and research. Students interested in a biomedical teaching and research career must prepare themselves methodologically and theoretically. This requires: (1) teaching qualifications, (2) an increased emphasis on methodology and technology, (3) an increased emphasis on research and experimental design, (4) appropriate interdisciplinary courses which provide the background for both teaching and research, (5) increased interaction with graduate faculty active in research, and (6) the latitude to adapt the graduate program to meet these specific needs. Students who finish their graduate training with a marketable skill, and who can apply their unique talents to a specialized area, will have broad appeal in the job market and will considerably strengthen their career opportunities.     

研究性实验教学模式的探讨

从教学过程、教学效果等方面探讨了微生物学实验课程实施研究性实验教学模式的必要性以及具体实施的方法。实践表明,研究性实验教学模式对培养学生的创新意识,提高学生的实践能力等方面有积极的作用。     

医学微生物学实验教学改革的探索与实践

以麻醉学专业学生为研究对象,进行了传统实验教学与新实验教学模式的对比研究。新实验教学模式围绕如何在实验教学中培养学生的创新能力,从实验教学计划、教学内容、教学方法和手段、实验考核方法进行了改革和探索,增设了综合性与探索设计性实验,研制了实验多媒体课件。结果显示新实验教学模式有利于培养学生的动手能力、科研思维、创新能力以及综合分析能力,教学效果优于传统实验教学。创建了适合于培养麻醉学专业的医学微生物学实验教学体系。     

编写《微生物学教程》有感

《微生物学教程》获"首届全国教材奖"(二等奖)的消息后,为响应学院领导提出的总结、交流等要求,特撰写了本文.作者以"愿终生能炼成一个称职的微生物学教师"为指导思想,历经半个多世纪的努力,在教书育人的同时,编写了较多的文章和书籍,其中的代表作当属《微生物学教程》.该书至今已出了 4版,被300余所高等院校选作教材,总印数...     

唯物辩证法在食品微生物学教学中的应用

为了提高食品微生物学的教学效果,使学生形成科学的认识论和方法论,在教学中应注意贯穿唯物辩证法观点,如多样性与统一性、共性与个性、绝对与相对、外因与内因等。此外,还可从辩证法的角度设计更科学的教学内容和教学过程。唯物辩证法的应用改变了学生的思维方式,增强了课程内容的内在联系和逻辑性,对提高教学效果有明显的促进作用。     

Greenbeards in yeast: an undergraduate laboratory exercise to teach the genetics of cooperation

Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in our understanding of the social behaviour of microbes. Here, we take advantage of these developments to present an undergraduate laboratory exercise that uses the cooperative flocculating behaviour of yeast (Saccharomyces sp.) to introduce the concept of inclusive fitness and teach the genetics of cooperation. Students generate their own data using co-cultures of various yeast strains and perform statistical analyses to test whether kin selection or greenbeard effects determine the cooperative flocculating behaviour. The lab has run successfully for two consecutive years in a second year course with some 1, 200 students per year at the University of Toronto, Canada. We discuss the benefits of using microbes to teach social evolution, describe the set-up and learning outcomes of the laboratory exercise, and then outline possible extension and variants of the lab. In addition to providing students with the opportunity to use a model organism to study social behaviour, students are also taught common laboratory skills, such as replica plating and sterile techniques. Ultimately, while the genetics of cooperation has traditionally been taught through computer simulations and evolutionary games, this exercise demonstrates a way to experimentally introduce the topic.