抗癌药物紫杉醇的全合成—Holton合成紫杉醇路线的剖析

从全合成战略与路线,关键反应,保护基应用和立体化学方面对Holton的线性全合成紫杉醇路线进行剖析归纳。     

脱氧胆酸钠体系分离紫杉烷类化合物

以脱氧胆酸钠(SDC)为手性拆分剂,建立了紫杉醇、10-去乙酰基-紫杉醇、10-去乙酰基-7-表-紫杉醇、三尖杉宁碱、巴可亭Ⅲ、10-去乙酰基-巴可亭Ⅲ、10-去乙酰基-7-表-巴可亭Ⅲ等7种紫杉烷类化合物的胶束电动毛细管色谱分离方法.分离条件为67cm×75μm毛细管,分离电压25kv,温度25℃,UV检测器230nm,气动进样3s.缓冲液为脱氧胆酸50mm,Tris-HCl140mm,MeOH20%,pH8.5.     

RAPD Analysis on High-taxane-contained Accessions of Taxus chinensis var. mairei

Taxus chinensis var. mairei (kemee et Levi. ) Cheng et L.K. Fu is one of the resource plants in China. The taxot contents from different localities are variable. RAPD and HPLC analysis were carried out with 24 samples from 12_localities. A total of 256 loci were amplified among which 224 loci were polymorphic (87.8%). Based on the HPLC and morphological analysis, the relationship among RAPD markers, morphology and habitat was explored. According to the results, high-taxane-contained accessions are present in three localities. This study might be of benefit to the resource conservation and species improvement.     

紫杉醇及其衍生物的研究概况与发展趋势

本文分别从生物资源,药理学,化学合成和组织培养方面对红豆杉植物中紫杉醇及其衍生物的研究工作进行了综述,从中可以了解紫杉醇及其衍生物的研究概况与发展趋势。     

云南红豆杉细胞的悬浮培养

在云南红豆杉细胞悬浮培养中,适宜的培养基为B5,接种量为0．5～0．8g干重细胞／100ml培养基,2,4－D浓度为1．0mg／L;培养细胞的生长周期约30d;培养基中较高浓度的蔗糖（40g／L）可提高紫杉醇含量;添加的椰子汁（CM）、酪蛋白氨基酸（C）和水解乳蛋白（LH）3种有机添加剂均能提高培养细胞中紫杉醇的含量,但只有CM和CA能促进细胞的生长。于B5培养基中添加不同浓度的NH4NO3对培养细胞无明显影响。     

红豆杉种子发育及幼苗生长动态

对红豆杉〔Ｔａｘｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｐｉｌｇｅｒ）Ｒｅｈｄ．〕种子发育及１～５年生实生苗生长动态进行了观测,在秦岭山区,红豆杉成年树３～５月开花,５～９月胚珠逐渐发育,９月下旬种子成熟。实生苗在２龄内地上部生长缓慢,根系生长迅速;自第３年起地上部生长旺盛,地下部则稳定生长。文中就红豆杉人工育苗及家化栽培的问题进行了讨论。     

生物技术在几种植物生物活性物质生产中的应用

近年来肉苁蓉、红豆杉、铁皮石斛、怀槐等植物生物活性物质的研究已成热点。综述生物技术在这几种植物生物活性物质生产中的应用,展示了植物生物活性物质在医药、保健食品和化妆品等方面的广阔应用前景。     

赤霉素和烯效唑对东北红豆杉紫杉醇代谢的影响

以一年生东北红豆杉扦插苗为材料,采用Hoagland营养液添加赤霉素及其合成抑制剂烯效唑的方法,研究了不同处理对东北红豆杉紫杉醇(taxol)及其前体巴卡亭Ⅲ(baccatinⅢ)与10-去乙酰基巴卡亭Ⅲ(10-DAB)含量变化的影响,同时比较了苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物酶(SOD)活性变化,分析了紫杉醇合成旁路途径物质及抑制剂对紫杉醇代谢的作用效应.结果表明,不同浓度赤霉素(GA3)和烯效唑(S3307)处理对东北红豆杉POD、SOD及PAL活性的影响不显著;但整个处理过程中叶片中紫杉醇含量均为对照的1.28～6.44倍,茎中紫杉醇、baccatinⅢ及叶片中10-DAB含量在第6天均高于相应对照;赤霉素与烯效唑对紫杉醇及其前体合成的作用途径存在一致性.     

Stabilizing microtubules with taxol increases microfilament stability during freezing of rye root tips

We have used double fluorescence labelling to investigate the effect of freezing on microtubules and microfilaments in root-tip cells of rye (Secale cereale L. cv Rymin). Freezing to -5°C (which does not kill these cells) caused partial depolymerization of both, but microfilaments were more resistant than microtubules. When microtubules were stabilized against freeze-induced depolymerization by pre-treating seedlings with taxol, microfilaments exhibited enhanced stability as well. Almost all the frozen cells containing taxol-stabilized microtubules also contained microfilaments. When seedlings were treated with the microtubule-destabilizing drug APM prior to freezing, microfilaments became more susceptible to freeze-induced depolymerization than in controls. These data suggest a physical interaction between microtubules and microfilaments in these cells.     

Paclitaxel production in suspension cell cultures of Taxus

Five separate cell lines, three of Taxus canadensis Marsh. and two of Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc., were used to test the effect of carbohydrates and plant growth regulators on the growth of cells and production of paclitaxel in culture. There was no significant correlation between growth of cells and paclitaxel production. While no single medium was developed that was optimal for all cell lines, it was possible to develop a medium for each species that represented a superior combination of growth and paclitaxel production. A combination of NAA and thidiazuron produced the best combination of growth and paclitaxel production in cell lines of T. canadensis, while IAA and BA produced the best results in cell lines of T. cuspidata. A mixture of sucrose and fructose gave the best combination of growth and paclitaxel production. The addition of carbohydrates midway through the growth cycle increased the rate at which paclitaxel accumulated in the culture medium. The highest paclitaxel concentration obtained was 14.78±0.86 mg 1^–1 (n=3).Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - 2ip 6-(,-dimethylamino)-purine - BA 6-benzyladenine - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - IBA indole-3-butyric acid - kinetin 6-furfurylaminopurine - NAA -napthaleneacetic acid - picloram 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid - thidiazuron 1-phenyl-3 (1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)urea