金鱼草珠被绒毡层壁囊的分离与鉴定

由金鱼(Antirrhinum majus L.)草开花后的胚珠中分离出抗乙酰解、抗酶解、对强氧化剂有一定抗性但不抗二乙醇胺的细胞壁囊状结构。切片原位观察表明,它是珠被绒毡层的内壁,能被苏丹 IV 染色与金胺 O 荧光染色。它全面地包围胚囊内正在发育的胚和胚乳,仅在合点与珠孔两端开口,而在此二处分别有胚乳吸器与胚柄与外相通。这一结构的功能可能是保证营养物质定向导入胚囊以及防止珠被绒毡层分泌的水解酶侵蚀胚囊等。     

Invasive tapetum and tricelled pollen inAmbrosia trifida (Asteraceae,tribeHeliantheae)

Staminate flowers of giant ragweed,Ambrosia trifida L. (Asteraceae, tribeHeliantheae, subtribeAmbrosiinae) were processed into resin and sectioned 1–2 µm thick. The invasive (amoeboid) anther tapetum remains parietal until microspores are released from tetrads, then it swells and invades the locule, merging gradually into a single protoplast that flows among the microspores. After the tapetal membrane ruptures at late microspore stage, tapetal debris fills the locule, then disappears as pollen matures. Pollen becomes tricelled before anthesis. The two sperm cell nuclei are slender and wormlike. The present report supports the two generalizations that invasive tapetum and tricelled pollen are attributes of theAsteraceae.     

Programmed Cell Death in Floral Organs: How and Why do Flowers Die?

BACKGROUND: Flowers have a species-specific, limited life span with an irreversible programme of senescence, which is largely independent of environmental factors, unlike leaf senescence, which is much more closely linked with external stimuli. TIMING: Life span of the whole flower is regulated for ecological and energetic reasons, but the death of individual tissues and cells within the flower is co-ordinated at many levels to ensure correct timing. Some floral cells die selectively during organ development, whereas others are retained until the whole organ dies. TRIGGERS: Pollination is an important floral cell death trigger in many species, and its effects are mediated by the plant growth regulator (PGR) ethylene. In some species ethylene is a major regulator of floral senescence, but in others it plays a very minor role and the co-ordinating signals involved remain elusive. Other PGRs such as cytokinin and brassinosteroids are also important but their role is understood only in some specific systems. MECHANISMS: In two floral cell types (the tapetum and the pollen-tube) there is strong evidence for apoptotic-type cell death, similar to that in animal cells. However, in petals there is stronger evidence for an autophagous type of cell death involving endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicles and the vacuole. Proteases are important, and homologues to animal caspases, key regulators of animal cell death, exist in plants. However, their role is not yet clear. COMPARISON WITH OTHER ORGANS: There are similarities to cell death in other plant organs, and many of the same genes are up-regulated in both leaf and petal senescence; however, there are also important differences for example in the role of PGRs. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding gene regulation may help to understand cell death in floral organs better, but alone it cannot provide all the answers.     

陆地棉双隐性核雄性不育系ms5ms6花药的超微结构观察

陆地棉双隐性核雄性不育系ms₅ms₆已有较大的应用规模,但雄蕊败育的结构基础尚不明确。以核雄性不育系ms₅ms₆为材料,利用透射电镜对四分体时期和刚长出小刺突的小孢子时期的花药进行超微结构观察。发现在小孢子时期,败育花药小孢子只有外壁内层,可育小孢子此时已具有外壁外层和外壁内层了。在整个不育花药的发育过程中,不管是在小孢子还是绒毡层细胞中,内质网都异常,脂肪的积累少,这可能是导致小孢子败育最重要的原因。     

Cones in the retina of the catfish, Clarias batrachus (L.)

The retina of the catfish Clarias butrachus (L.), supposed to possess an all-rod retina, is found on re-investigation to contain both rods and cones. The retina is characterized by a prominent tapetum and multiple optic papillae.     

团扇蕨孢子发生和发育的显微观察

利用光学显微镜对膜蕨科（Hymenophyllaceae）团扇蕨(Gonocormus minutus(Blume) Bosch)孢子的发生和发育进行了观察。研究结果表明：团扇蕨孢子为多边圆形,三裂缝不明显,外壁表面光滑,周壁薄,紧贴外壁表面,由周壁形成乳头状或颗粒状纹饰。在外壁形成后期,孢子表面和囊腔中出现大量小球;在周壁形成时期,孢子表面和周围出现较多小球体;小球和小球体参与孢子壁的形成。团扇蕨绒毡层为混合型,内层为周原质团绒毡层;外层为腺质型绒毡层。本文为膜蕨科系统演化和发育生物学研究提供依据。