麦麸替代玉米对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

本试验旨在研究用部分麦麸替代基础日粮中的玉米对蛋鸡生产性能的影响。选取24周龄的海兰褐蛋鸡600只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂麦麸替代基础日粮中玉米的5%,10%,15%,20%的试验日粮,预饲期7 d,正式试验期35 d。结果表明:麦麸替代玉米提高了平均日采食量、平均蛋重、产蛋率、料蛋比、蛋比重和哈夫单位(P<0.05)。试验表明,麦麸替代玉米,可以提高蛋鸡生产性能,改善蛋品质,且替代10%的玉米效果最佳。     

γ辐照对小麦种子延迟发光的影响

应用延迟发光的理论与方法,研究了γ辐照对扬麦13、扬麦15两个品种小麦种子的影响。结果表明:被测样品延迟发光的弛豫过程可以用非线性动力学方程Y=b1+b2e-b3t/1+b4t来进行描述,该方程对测量结果拟合的相关系数达到了99%以上。当t=0时,Y0=b1+b2,即样品的初始发光强度,在光照条件一定时,辐照剂量越高,样品的初始发光强度就越低。F测验结果表明不同辐照剂量对小麦种子初始发光强度的影响达到了极显著的水平,即受照剂量越高,初始发光强度越低,而两种供试小麦间的初始发光强度并无显著差异。结合处理种子苗期的生物学观察,样品(即种子)的初始发光强度与幼苗株高具有一致的变化趋势,即种子的初始发光强度越高,幼苗株高也高。因此,对辐射种子延迟发光过程的分析,可能是了解γ辐照对作物种子影响的一种快速可靠的检测方法。     

普通小麦抗倒伏相关性状的全基因组关联分析

解析小麦抗倒伏遗传机制,发掘抗倒伏位点,选育抗倒伏品种,对于保障我国粮食生产安全具有重要意义.周8425B是我国黄淮麦区重要的小麦骨干亲本,农艺性状优良,其衍生品种具有较好的抗倒伏特性.本研究对周8425B及其衍生品种等62份材料的8个抗倒伏相关性状进行评价,并结合50K SNP芯片数据进行全基因组关联分析(GWAS,...     

Development and optimisation of a sex pheromone lure for monitoring populations of saddle gall midge,Haplodiplosis marginata

Saddle gall midge, Haplodiplosis marginata (von Roser) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a sporadic pest of cereals in Northern and Central Europe and is of increasing importance in the UK. Recently, the major component of the sex pheromone produced by adult female H. marginata was reported to be 2‐nonyl butyrate. The importance of absolute configuration on attractiveness, the effects on trap catches of the addition of minor pheromone components, dispenser type, and pheromone loading are described in the development of an optimised pheromone lure with which to trap H. marginata males. In analyses of volatiles collected from virgin female H. marginata by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with electroantennographic recording (EAG) from the antenna of a male H. marginata, two EAG responses were observed. Analyses by coupled GC‐mass spectrometry (MS) indicated these were due to 2‐nonyl butyrate and a trace amount (1%) of 2‐heptyl butyrate. A similar trace amount of 2‐nonanol was detected in GC‐MS analyses but this compound did not elicit an EAG response when the synthetic compound was tested, whereas the other two compounds did. These three compounds were not observed in collections of volatiles made from male H. marginata. The 2‐nonyl butyrate was shown to be the (R)‐enantiomer. In field trapping tests (R)‐2‐nonyl butyrate was at least 10× more attractive to male H. marginata than the racemic compound, and the (S)‐enantiomer was unattractive. Addition of the potential minor components individually or together at the naturally occurring ratios did not increase or reduce the attractiveness of the lure. Polyethylene vials and rubber septa were equally effective as pheromone dispensers, lasting for at least 5 weeks in the field in the UK, although laboratory tests indicated release from the former was more uniform and more likely to last longer in the field. Increasing loading of pheromone in the dispenser increased attractiveness. Traps baited with polyethylene vials containing 0.5 mg of (R)‐2‐nonyl butyrate are recommended for monitoring H. marginata and these are far more sensitive than water or sticky traps currently used for monitoring this pest.     

麦红吸浆虫随气流远距离扩散的轨迹分析

为了解麦红吸浆虫Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin)种群随气流远距离扩散的可能性和扩散方向, 本研究于2010年5月在河南省洛阳市洛宁县, 利用系留气球携带取样器调查了麦红吸浆虫种群在5~75 m高空的分布以及活动节律, 应用HYSPLIT-4大气扩散模型模拟了2010年以洛宁县(34.35°N, 111.52°E)为起始点, 空中不同高度层麦红吸浆虫种群的扩散轨迹, 以及2007年麦红吸浆虫种群在我国北方麦区的扩散轨迹。结果表明: 在成虫发生期, 麦红吸浆虫在空中5, 45, 50和65 m 4个高度层种群密度较大, 表现出了明显的成层效应。2010年河南洛宁迁入的种群来自西南方的河南南阳地区, 迁出种群能够随气流进入东北方向的河南省宜阳县境内。2007年麦红吸浆虫种群能够随小麦发育期的先后, 随西南气流逐步向东北方向扩散。成虫随气流扩散是麦红吸浆虫种群远距离扩散的一种重要方式。研究结果有助于了解我国麦红吸浆虫远距离扩散方式, 同时对优化发生动态监测和综合治理提供参考。