Development of nuclear microsatellite markers for the threatened wetland plant Geranium soboliferum var. kiusianum (Geraniaceae)

Nuclear microsatellite markers were developed for the threatened plant Geranium soboliferum var. kiusianum, which has decreased its population size as a result of loss of its wetland habitat in Kyushu, Japan. Utilizing RNA‐seq data obtained by next‐generation sequencing techniques, 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers with 3–16 alleles in a nuclear genome were developed and characterized. Two to 15 alleles were observed in G. soboliferum. These markers will be used to investigate the genetic circumstance of remnant populations of G. soboliferum var. kiusianum and their phylogenetic relationship with G. soboliferum.     

The high level of wide-compatibility of variety ‘Dular’ has a complex genetic basis

Wide-compatibility varieties (WCVs) are a special class of rice germplasm that is able to produce fertile hybrids when crossed to both indica and japonica rice varieties. WCVs may differ greatly in their spectrum and level of compatibility. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic basis of wide-compatibility conferred by ‘Dular’, a landrace variety from India that has demonstrated a high level of wide-compatibility in previous studies with a broad range of indica and japonica varieties. A three-way cross (‘Balilla/Dular//Nanjing 11’) was made and the resulting F₁ population evaluated in the field for spikelet fertility. A total of 235 plants from this population was assayed individually for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) at 159 marker loci covering the entire rice genome at regular intervals. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified 5 loci, located on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8, as having significant effects on hybrid fertility, which jointly explained 55.5% of the fertility variation in this population. The QTL on chromosome 5 ( f5) showed the largest effect on hybrid fertility, followed by those on chromosomes 6 ( f6), 3 ( f3) and 1 ( f1), with the one on chromosome 8 ( f8) having the smallest effect. Genotypes each composed of an allele from ‘Dular’ and an allele from ‘Nanjing 11’ at four ( f3, f5, f6 and f8) of the five QTLs contributed to the increase of fertility in the population. In contrast, the genotype composed of alleles from ‘Balilla’ and ‘Nanjing 11’ at the fifth locus ( f1) was in the direction of increasing fertility. Analysis of variance using marker genotypes at the five QTLs as the groups detected two interactions involving four of the five loci, a 2-locus interaction between f5 and f8 and a 3-locus interaction among f3, f5 and f6. The level of hybrid fertility is the result of complex interactions among these loci. The implication of the present findings in the utilization of the wide-compatibility of ‘Dular’ in rice breeding programs is also discussed. Received: 21 October 1997 / Accepted: 30 December 1997     

AFLP在分子生物学研究中的应用

扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）可靠性强,多态检出率高,因而被认为是最有效的DNA指纹分析技术。AFLP已广泛应用于分类学、病理学、种群遗传学、DNA指纹分析的研究和建立数量性状基因图谱,成为最主要的遗传标记。介绍了AFLP的原理、影响因素及其在分子生物学研究中的应用。     

玉米转基因方法研究进展

玉米是重要的粮食作物,玉米的遗传转化取得了重大成就,而玉米的遗传转化又是玉米遗传改良的有效手段。总结了玉米转化过程中受体的选择标准,比较了各种转化方式,如：农杆菌介导法、基因枪法、花粉管通道法,并探讨了如何有效地选择转化后的阳性事件。     

苗期标记性状在我国作物育种及种子纯度鉴定上的研究应用进展

利用苗期标记性状进行作物杂交新品种培育和种子纯度鉴定的技术方法,具有直观准确、简便快速、成本低廉的特点,优越于异地种植、同工酶电泳和DNA分子标记的鉴定方法.本文综述了这种方法应用的技术方法、材料来源、研究内容、应用的类型和成果,指出了存在的问题,对其应用前景进行了展望.     

血清肿瘤标志物在肺癌辅助诊断中的应用

目的 探讨血清肿瘤标志物在肺癌诊断中的临床价值。方法 收集40例健康人、45例肺部良性疾病患者和90例肺癌患者,采用电化学发光分析检测患者血清中肿瘤标志物细胞角蛋白19（CYFRA21-1）、鳞状细胞癌相关抗原（SCC）和癌胚抗原（CEA）,以及胃泌素释放肽前体（pro-GRP）和神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）的含量。结果 健康人组和肺部良性疾病患者组血清NSE、pro-GRP、CYFRA21-1、SCC和CEA水平较肺癌患者组水平低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。NSE和pro-GRP在小细胞肺癌患者中的水平均明显高于其他类型的肺癌患者（P<0.01）,CYFRA21-1和SCC在鳞癌患者中的含量比其他类型肺癌患者高（P<0.01）。联合检测此5种血清肿瘤标志物敏感性高于单独的肿瘤标志物（P<0.01）。结论 联合检测NSE、pro-GRP、CYFRA21-1、SCC和CEA可以提高肺癌诊断的灵敏度。     

油松天然次生林居群遗传多样性及与产地地理气候因子的关联分析

利用ISSR分子标记技术,分析了中国北部地区10个油松天然次生林居群的遗传多样性,以及与地理环境因子的相关性.研究结果表明:13条ISSR引物对250个个体扩增出137条谱带,平均多态位点百分率60.72％,不同居群的多态位点百分率差异明显;不同地理居群间的期望杂合度指数在0.2824-0.3702之间,平均为0.3210;Shannon多样性指数范围为0.1923-0.2490,平均为0.2165.居群间的遗传变异占居群总的遗传多样性的37.53％.经Mantel检验,居群间的地理距离和遗传距离间不存在显著相关性(r=0.069,p=0.360).聚类分析(UPGMA)表明,河南宝天曼(BTM)、承德大窝铺(DWP)、宁夏苏峪口(SYK)和甘肃冶力关(YLG)居群聚为一组,辽宁医巫闾山(YWL)、山西沁源灵空山(LKS)、陕西蔡家川林场(CJC)、山西和顺云龙公园(YLGY)和山西汶水三道川林场(SDC)居群为一组,山东蒙山(Ms)居群独立为一组.经分析发现,分布于我国地势二级、三级阶梯分界线区域的油松天然林( YWL、BTM、YLGY)遗传多样性水平高,位于分布区东西临界点居群(MS、YLG)遗传多样性水平低.经相关性分析,温度相关因子(年均温、1月均温、极端最低温)、海拔及年降雨量显著影响遗传多样性水平.油松天然居群分子变异存在一定的地理变异规律.     

The impact of blood contamination on the proteome of cerebrospinal fluid

Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is in direct contact with the brain extracellular space. Beside the secretion of CSF by the choroid plexus the fluid also derives directly from the brain by the ependymal lining of the ventricular system and the glial membrane and from blood vessels in the arachnoid. Therefore, biochemical change in the brain may be reflected in the CSF. CSF is a potential source of protein molecular indices of central nervous system function and pathology. However, various amounts of blood contamination in CSF may arise during sample acquisition. The concentration of protein in the CSF is only 0.2 to 0.5% that of blood. Minor contamination of CSF with blood during collection of the fluid may dramatically alter the protein profile confounding the identification of potential biomarkers. We have analyzed CSF and CSF spiked with increasing amounts of whole blood using proteomic techniques. We detected at least four blood specific highly abundant proteins: hemoglobin, catalase, peroxiredoxin and carbonic anhydrase I. These proteins can be used as blood contamination markers for proteomic analysis of CSF. Proteins in blood contaminated CSF samples were less stable compared to neat CSF at 37 degrees C suggesting that blood borne protease may induce protein degradation in CSF during sample acquisition. This analysis was aimed at identification of proteins found primarily in CSF, those found primarily in blood and assessment of the impact of blood contamination on those proteins found in both fluids.     

SCAR分子标记技术在香菇菌株鉴定上的应用研究

为了建立一套基于DNA分子标记技术快速鉴定香菇菌株的有效方法,本研究首先通过对生产上常用的14个香菇菌株进行RAPD多态性分析,从香菇菌株162中扩增获得了一个片段长为1166bp的特异RAPD标记XG1166,随之利用分子克隆技术将该特异RAPD标记成功转化为稳定的SCAR标记。用同样的方法,本研究又从另一香菇菌株申香10号中获得了一段长度为347bp的特异SCAR标记SX347。试验结果表明,利用本研究获得的香菇菌株162和申香10号的特异SCAR标记,能在一天时间内准确鉴定出香菇菌株162或申香10号菌株的真伪。由此可见,SCAR分子标记是一种快速、稳定、准确鉴定香菇菌株的新方法, 可应用于食用菌种质资源保护利用、品种分类与鉴定和假种辨别。     

中国近海牡蛎系统分类研究的现状和对策

探讨了中国近海沿岸牡蛎分类的诸多疑难和热点问题,回顾了国内外包括贝类等动物的分子系统发生学研究的主要进展,分析了中国近海牡蛎系统分类目前存在的问题,重点阐述了利用分子标记等手段解决形态相似种的鉴定和种系发生关系等问题的巨大潜力,报道了利用分子标记进行牡蛎分类研究所取得的最新进展。预期经典分类学和分子系统发生学研究的交叉综合,将大力推动中国近海牡蛎的系统分类和系统发生研究的发展。