改良B-Lynch缝合术治疗剖宫产后宫缩乏力性产后出血的临床观察

目的:探讨改良B-Lynch缝合术治疗剖宫产后宫缩乏力性产后出血的临床疗效.方法:选择2010年2月～2012年4月我院收治的剖宫产后宫缩乏力性产后出血产妇58例,随机分为对照组(26例)和观察组(32例),对照组采取8字缝合血窦及宫腔纱布填塞治疗,观察组采取改良B-Lynch缝合术治疗,比较两组产妇术中术后各项指标和术后恢复情况.结果:两组产妇的手术时间和术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05),观察组患者术后24h出血量显著少于对照组,而术后Hb水平显著高于对照组,产后输血率、术后感染发生率、产褥病率均显著低于对照组,恶露干净时间和月经来潮均较对照组显著缩短,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论:改良B-Lynch缝合术治疗剖宫产后宫缩乏力性产后出血可提高止血效果,促进患者术后的恢复,可作为剖宫产后宫缩乏力性产后出血首选治疗方法.     

BMP9 induces osteogenesis and adipogenesis in the immortalized human cranial suture progenitors from the patent sutures of craniosynostosis patients

The cranial suture complex is a heterogeneous tissue consisting of osteogenic progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow and suture mesenchyme. The fusion of cranial sutures is a highly coordinated and tightly regulated process during development. Craniosynostosis is a congenital malformation caused by premature fusion of cranial sutures. While the progenitor cells derived from the cranial suture complex should prove valuable for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying suture development and pathogenic premature suture fusion, primary human cranial suture progenitors (SuPs) have limited life span and gradually lose osteoblastic ability over passages. To overcome technical challenges in maintaining sufficient and long‐term culture of SuPs for suture biology studies, we establish and characterize the reversibly immortalized human cranial suture progenitors (iSuPs). Using a reversible immortalization system expressing SV40 T flanked with FRT sites, we demonstrate that primary human suture progenitor cells derived from the patent sutures of craniosynostosis patients can be efficiently immortalized. The iSuPs maintain long‐term proliferative activity, express most of the consensus MSC markers and can differentiate into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages upon BMP9 stimulation in vitro and in vivo. The removal of SV40 T antigen by FLP recombinase results in a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in the endogenous osteogenic and adipogenic capability in the iSuPs. Therefore, the iSuPs should be a valuable resource to study suture development, intramembranous ossification and the pathogenesis of craniosynostosis, as well as to explore cranial bone tissue engineering.     

A new late Miocene Lymnaea with aberrant suture structure unique for the family (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae)

A new fossil species of the pond snails (family Lymnaeidae Rafinesque, 1815), Lymnaea bogatschevi sp. n., from the Neogene (Khersonian–Maeotian transition) of southern Russia is described. It is characterised by a peculiar structure of the shell suture not found elsewhere in the family Lymnaeidae (both in living and extinct taxa). The suture of L. bogatschevi sp. n. may be described as a narrow groove that penetrates deep into the shell matter. This feature is developed both in protoconch and teleoconch whorls and is presented in several 100s of specimens that precludes its origin as an individual abnormality. There are no environmental factors known to induce such groove-like sutures in aquatic pulmonates indicating a genetic basis for this structure in L. bogatschevi. Also, we report a single shell with the similar channelled suture from a sample of Lymnaea megarensis (Gaudry in Fischer, 1867) from the Pliocene of Greece. It seems, in this species the groove-like suture was represented as a rare individual aberration, and later this trait disappeared completely from the lymnaeid morphological repertoir. Possible phylogenetic relationships between L. bogatschevi and the recent L. (Kazakhlymnaea) taurica (Clessin, 1880) are suggested and briefly discussed.     

剖宫产子宫肌层单层锁边缝合术

目的：评价剖宫产子宫下段横切口缝合技术及子宫肌层单层锁边缝合的可行性。方法：选取我院2008年12月至2010年12月剖宫产病例1920例,940例采用连续加褥式包埋缝合子宫,为对照组;980例采用子宫肌层单层锁边缝合术,为试验组。结果：试验组总手术时间为（28.08±4.15）min,对照组总手术时间为（36.25±5.67）min,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（p〈0.01）;试验组术后排气时间为（16.10±8.29）h,对照组术后排气时间为（24.26±4.28）h,差异有统计学意义（p〈0.05）;试验组术中出血量为（210±60）ml,显著低于对照组（280±50）ml,差异有统计学意义（p〈0.01）;试验组拆线时切口感染率为0.2%,对照组拆线时切口感染率为1%,差异有统计学意义（p〈0.05）。而切皮至胎儿娩出时间、新生儿Apgar评分、人均输血量、术后体温一次〉38℃、术后三天体温〈37℃五项指标比较,两组差异无统计学意义（p〉0.05）。结论：子宫肌层单层锁边缝合优于连续加褥式包埋缝合术,进一步提高了产科手术操作技术水平,值得临床推广应用。     

Two new Raabena species and a new Pararaabena species (Ciliophora,Entodiniomorphida) with redescriptions of Raabena bella and Pararaabena dentata

The genera Raabena and Pararaabena (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida, Blepharocorythidae) were monospecific, and their type species are Raabena bella Wolska, 1967 and Pararaabena dentata Wolska, 1968. They have been found in Asian elephants and closely resemble each other: ovoid and laterally compressed body; non-retractable adoral ciliary zone; funnel-shaped vestibulum; three non-retractable somatic ciliary arches. Furthermore, the positional relationship between the vestibular ciliary zone and the anterior dorsal ciliary zone identifies Raabena and Pararaabena: these two ciliary zones are connected in Raabena while they are separated in Pararaabena. While investigating entodiniomorphid ciliates of Asian elephants, the author often encountered ciliates similar to Raabena bella but with a sinuous body or with a small body and ciliates similar to Pararaabena dentata but with a slender body or with no or two caudal lobes. In this study, their general morphology and infraciliature were compared to R. bella and P. dentata to know whether they are new species or morphological variations in a species. As a result, the present study redescribed R. bella and P. dentata, and described R. sinuosa n. sp., R. bellafilia n. sp., P. gracilis n. sp., and morphotypes of P. dentata.     

New insights on the reparative cells in bone regeneration and repair

Bone possesses a remarkable repair capacity to regenerate completely without scar tissue formation. This unique characteristic, expressed during bone development, maintenance and injury (fracture) healing, is performed by the reparative cells including skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and their descendants. However, the identity and functional roles of SSCs remain controversial due to technological difficulties and the heterogeneity and plasticity of SSCs. Moreover, for many years, there has been a biased view that bone marrow is the main cell source for bone repair. Together, these limitations have greatly hampered our understanding of these important cell populations and their potential applications in the treatment of fractures and skeletal diseases. Here, we reanalyse and summarize current understanding of the reparative cells in bone regeneration and repair and outline recent progress in this area, with a particular emphasis on the temporal and spatial process of fracture healing, the sources of reparative cells, an updated definition of SSCs, and markers of skeletal stem/progenitor cells contributing to the repair of craniofacial and long bones, as well as the debate between SSCs and pericytes. Finally, we also discuss the existing problems, emerging novel technologies and future research directions in this field.     

Lower Cretaceous gastropods from the Qayen area,Eastern Iran

Four gastropod genera are newly recorded from Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Qayen area, Eastern Iran. Based on the paleoecological interpretation of the faunal assemblage and especially on the newly identified gastropods, a shallow temperate marine environment is suggested for the fossil-bearing carbonate rocks. The gastropod assemblage shows a typically Tethyan composition comparable to those already reported from the Caucasus and Eastern Europe.     

Achieving Better Estimates of Greater Sage-Grouse Chick Survival in Utah

Abstract: Declining sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) populations may be characterized by poor recruitment largely attributed to low chick survival. However, few published studies have explicitly examined factors that influence chick survival. We used a suture method to radiomark 1-2-day-old sage-grouse chicks (n = 150) in 2005-2006 on Parker Mountain in south-central Utah, USA, and monitored their survival to 42 days. We modeled effects of year, hatch date, chick age, brood-female age, brood-mixing, and arthropod abundance on chick survival. Our best model revealed an average survival estimate of 0.50 days to 42 days, which is the highest level ever documented for this long-lived species. Brood-mixing occurred in 21% (31/146) of chicks and 43% (18/42) of broods we studied. Moreover, yearling females had more chicks leave their broods than did adults. We found that survival may be higher among chicks that switch broods compared to those that stayed with their natal mother until fledging. Thus, brood-mixing may be an adaptive strategy leading to increased sage-grouse chick survival and higher productivity, especially among chicks born to yearling females. Our findings also indicate that arthropod abundance may be an important driver of chick survival, particularly during the early brood-rearing period and, therefore, sage-grouse populations may benefit from a management strategy that attempts to increase arthropod abundance via brood habitat management.     

Is the complexity of the human sagittal suture related to the size of the temporal muscle?

We have tested the hypothesis that temporal muscle size determines the degree of interdigitation of the human sagittal suture by comparing male and female skulls of Europeans and Australian aborigines. Temporal muscle length, area of the temporal aperture and estimated muscle volume were greater in males than in females of each racial group. Sexual dimorphism of the complexity of the sagittal suture was not confirmed in either race. However, the suture was less complex in aborigines than Europeans despite the volume of the temporal muscle being larger in the former group. We conclude, therefore, that although the morphology of the sagittal suture is an epigenetic character, it is not mechanically influenced by muscle size. A simple quantitation of suture form may however be useful in assigning unknown skulls to a particular race.