刺激隐神经C类纤维诱发体感皮层电反应(平均诱发电位)

当猫的隐神经A类纤维单独兴奋时,可引起同侧脊髓背表面电位 A-SSP(潜伏期 2.6±0.4ms)和对侧体感皮层诱发电位 A-CEP。A-CEP由早成分(潜伏期 9.6±1 1ms)和晚成分(203.0±10.gms)组成。当 C类纤维选择性传入时,出现特异的 C-CEP(潜伏期 134.4±25.9ms)和C-SSP(115.8±15.6ms)。C-CEP的幅值较A-CEP 小,并随C类纤维传入的数量而改变。C-CEP的最大幅值位于后乙状回一定部位,多为负或正-负电位,在皮层深层其相位倒转。与A-CEP相比,C-CEP的中枢延搁时间较长,跟随频率较低,对镇痛药较敏感。表明C-CEP不同于A-CEP,它是由C类传入所引起的,是在体感皮层内产生的。当A类和C类纤维同时传入时,只有A-CEP和A-SSP出现,而不出现C-CEP和C-SSP。在阻断电流逐渐增强过程中,C-CEP较C-SSP后出现;而在撤销阻断过程中,则C-CEP较C-SSP先消失。提示C类传入在中枢可能被A类传入所抑制,这种抑制可以发生在脊髓和脊上水平,后者可能更强。     

中国松疱锈病菌锈孢子表面形态的扫描电镜观察*

中国10种松树的疱锈病菌锈孢子表面形态,在扫描电镜下观察并进行比铰,可归纳为两种类型:一是以单维管束松类的五针松的红松疱锈病菌(Cronartium ribicola)为代表,包括华山松和西伯利亚红松;另一是以双维管束松类的云南松疱锈病菌(C. flaccidum)为代表,包括樟子松、油松、赤松、马尾松、黄山松、思茅松等。孢子表面突起的形状及环纹层次是识别这两种锈疱子的主要特征。     

Microinjection in combination with microfluorimetry to study proton diffusion along phospholipid membranes

Proton diffusion along the surface of a planar bilayer lipid membrane was measured by means of acid/base injection with a micropipette and recording of the kinetics of fluorescence changes of fluorescein-labelled lipid on the surface. The dimensionality of the process was assayed by fitting the kinetic curves with two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) diffusion equations. In agreement with Serowy et al. (Biophys J 84:1031-1037, 2003), lateral proton diffusion proceeded via bulk phase by means of buffer molecules as proton carriers (D = 600 microm2/s) under the conditions of 1 mM buffer in the solution. Introduction of proton binding sites on the membrane surface led to the appearance of a considerable contribution of two-dimensional proton diffusion on the membrane surface with D = 1,100 mum(2)/s. The system described can be used to study the dependence of the proton diffusion rate on the phospholipid and protein composition of the membrane.     

发酵麸皮多糖酶辅助提取工艺优化及其生物活性研究

通过响应面法优化提取发酵麸皮多糖的工艺,并评价其体外益生和抗氧化活性。以发酵麸皮多糖的得率为响应值,采用纤维素酶酶解与水浴浸提相结合的方法提取发酵麸皮多糖,以纤维素酶添加量、料液比、水浴浸提温度、水浴浸提时间为试验因素建立数学模型,筛选最佳提取工艺条件。通过测定还原力、DPPH和·OH自由基的清除能力对比发酵和未发酵麸皮多糖的体外抗氧化活性,并通过测定嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌的生长对比发酵和未发酵麸皮多糖的体外益生活性。结果表明,发酵麸皮多糖最佳提取工艺为:料液比1∶16(w/v),酶添加量1 000 U/g,水浴浸提温度90℃,水浴浸提时间60 min,在此条件下发酵麸皮多糖的得率实测值为73. 35%。发酵麸皮多糖具有较强的DPPH和·OH自由基的清除能力,可促进嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和两歧双歧杆菌的生长。     

粤北南岭大宝山矿流域山水林田湖草修复阻力与优先级分析

遵循“防源、控流、治汇”理念,以粤北南岭大宝山矿区作为风险源,以所在流域为研究区,分析研究区主要阻力因素,采用最小累积阻力模型建立区域生态阻力面;利用Jenks自然断点法,分析生态修复优先级,提出分区治理重点和对策。研究结果表明：研究区综合阻力系数处于9-32之间,各评价指标的阻力面空间分布格局相似,其阻力值呈现出东南部大,西北部小的空间格局;长期的矿业开采污染了流域生态环境,且距离矿区越近的区域生态修复的优先性越高。将研究区分为4个优先级区,各区修复优先性依次为Ⅰ区 > Ⅱ区 > Ⅲ区 > Ⅳ区。Ⅰ区重点在于治水,提高pH、降低重金属有效态含量和增加地表植被覆盖度。Ⅱ区重点在于河流治理与治土,确保污染减排,增强拦泥库的废水调节。Ⅲ区、Ⅳ区核心在治土,逐步改善土壤条件。研究结果为修复项目在时空尺度上落地和科学治理提供科学依据。     

Thyreophoran vertebrae from the Callovian (Middle Jurassic) of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy,France), with remarks on the dinosaur assemblage from the Vaches Noires

Two associated incomplete thyreophoran dorsal vertebrae from the Callovian Marnes de Dives Formation of the Vaches Noires cliffs, on the Normandy coast, are referred to an indeterminate stegosaur that appears to be different from Lexovisaurus, previously reported from the Callovian of western France. These vertebrae are the first evidence of thyreophorans from the Vaches Noires and complement the dinosaur assemblage from this locality, which hitherto consisted of several theropod taxa and an indeterminate sauropod. The dinosaur record from the Vaches Noires is heavily dominated by theropods and this imbalance is difficult to explain. A possible explanation may be that the dinosaur sample from the Vaches Noires is too small to be statistically significant and representative of the original faunal assemblage from which it is derived.     

聚丙烯酰胺对坡地苹果园水土流失和土壤养分流失的影响

为了改善坡地苹果园的土壤环境,遏制水土流失和土壤养分流失,探寻聚丙烯酰胺适宜的干撒施用量,2010—2012年在陕北丘陵沟壑区的坡地苹果园,以不施聚丙烯酰胺为对照,分别撒施0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2、1.4和1.6 g·m^-2的聚丙烯酰胺,监测果园地表产流、土壤流失、养分流失和苹果植株生长状况.结果表明: 坡地果园的径流量和5—7月的产流次数均随聚丙烯酰胺撒施量的增加呈“V”型变化,其中撒施量为1.0 g·m^-2时最低,但果园侵蚀泥沙量则随聚丙烯酰胺撒施量的增加而降低.地表径流和侵蚀泥沙中的铵态氮、速效磷和速效钾的浓度均随聚丙烯酰胺撒施量的增加而降低;聚丙烯酰胺可显著降低地表径流中的硝态氮含量,对侵蚀泥沙中的硝态氮含量则无显著影响;侵蚀泥沙中的有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量均随聚丙烯酰胺撒施量的增加而降低.聚丙烯酰胺提高了苹果单果质量及产量,但对苹果植株生长及果实风味品质无显著影响.聚丙烯酰胺在坡地苹果园中的适宜撒施量应为1.0 g·m^-2.     

响应曲面法优化马尾松中莽草酸的超声提取工艺

以马尾松松针为原料,采用超声波提取法从松针粉中提取莽草酸,通过考察料液比((VH2O∶m松针粉,mL:g)、提取时间、提取温度及超声波功率等因素对松针中总莽草酸含量的影响,并在单因素试验的基础上,选取料液比、提取时间、超声波功率3个变量,进行Box-Behnken中心组合设计优化,获得马尾松松针中莽草酸的最佳提取工艺参数为料液比1∶26,提取时间为46min,超声波功率为359 W,此条件下莽草酸的提取率为1.948%。     

Surface areas,lengths and volumes of Picea abies (L.) Karst. needles: determination,biological variability and effect of environmental factors

Summary A method for the rapid determination of the lengths and surface areas of very large samples of needles of Picea abies (L.) Karst. using a computer-aided image analysis system was developed. Two independent methods for measuring non-destructively the volumes of individual needles and of all needles attached to a twig were devised. The surface areas and lengths of about 38000 needles sampled from the three youngest needle age-classes (1986, 1985, 1984) of 48 trees approximately 130 years old at four sites in the Fichtelgebirge mountains (N. E. Bavaria, FRG) were measured. The frequency distributions of lengths and areas for each site and age-class are given. Variability of needle size was fairly large. Even though the sites differed in climate, soil, and air pollution levels no consistent effect of these factors on needle size could be detected. Needle lengths and surface areas did not correlate with either the total chlorophyll content of the needles or the degree of crown thinning. The needle surface area (in mm²) of fully developed P. abies needles can be estimated by the empirical equation surface area = 4.440 x needle length -24.8 (r = 0.937), and the needle volume (in mm³) by needle volume = 0.208 x projected needle area ^1.353 (r = 0.969).     

The glycoprotein 71 of ecotropic Friend murine leukemia virus. Structure of the oligosaccharides linked to asparagine-12

The glycoprotein from Friend murine leukemia virus was digested with protease from Staphylococcus aureus V8. A glycopeptide comprising the N-terminal glycosylation site (Asn-12) was isolated from the mixture of fragments and analyzed by amino acid sequencing and methylation-capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry before and after treatment with sialidase from Vibrio cholerae. Asn-12 was thus found to be substituted by a family of partially sialylated, fucosylated, and intersected glycoprotein N-glycans of the hybrid type.