医患沟通信息服务平台的构建

介绍了建立医患沟通信息服务平台的意义、平台系统的构成和主要功能、平台的科学性和创新性。该平台畅通了医患沟通渠道,拓宽了服务范畴,提升了服务水平,具有广阔的推广和发展前景。     

军民融合区域协同医疗信息化平台的建设与应用

军民融合区域协同医疗信息化平台的主要功能包括公众服务、医疗机构协同、社区卫生保健、妇幼保健、政府管理决策支持及第三方服务等。信息化平台的应用有效缓解了“看病难、看病贵”的矛盾,推动医疗卫生机构的发展,强化卫生行政部门监管职能,促进了军队卫生事业的发展。     

Conspecifics as informers and competitors: an experimental study in foraging bumble-bees

Conspecifics are usually considered competitors negatively affecting food intake rates. However, their presence can also inform about resource quality by providing inadvertent social information. Few studies have investigated whether foragers perceive conspecifics as informers or competitors. Here, we experimentally tested whether variation in the density of demonstrators ('none', 'low' and 'high'), whose location indicated flower profitability, affected decision-making of bumble-bees Bombus terrestris. Bumble-bees foraged on either 'simple' (two colours) or 'complex' (four colours) artificial floral communities. We found that conspecifics at low density may be used as sources of information in first flower choices, whereas they appeared as competitors over the whole foraging sequence. Low conspecific densities improved foragers' first-visit success rate in the simple environment, and decreased time to first landing, especially in the complex environment. High conspecific densities did not affect these behavioural parameters, but reduced flower constancy in both floral communities, which may alter the efficiency of pollinating visits. These results suggest that the balance of the costs and benefits of conspecific presence varies with foraging experience, floral community and density. Spatio-temporal scales could thus be an important determinant of social information use. This behavioural flexibility should allow bumble-bees to better exploit their environment.     

An evaluation of the concept of innateness

The concept of innateness is often used in explanations and classifications of biological and cognitive traits. But does this concept have a legitimate role to play in contemporary scientific discourse? Empirical studies and theoretical developments have revealed that simple and intuitively appealing ways of classifying traits (e.g. genetically specified versus owing to the environment) are inadequate. They have also revealed a variety of scientifically interesting ways of classifying traits each of which captures some aspect of the innate/non-innate distinction. These include things such as whether a trait is canalized, whether it has a history of natural selection, whether it developed without learning or without a specific set of environmental triggers, whether it is causally correlated with the action of certain specific genes, etc. We offer an analogy: the term ‘jade’ was once thought to refer to a single natural kind; it was then discovered that it refers to two different chemical compounds, jadeite and nephrite. In the same way, we argue, researchers should recognize that ‘innateness’ refers not to a single natural kind but to a set of (possibly related) natural kinds. When this happens, it will be easier to progress in the field of biological and cognitive sciences.     

The integrated web service and genome database for agricultural plants with biotechnology information

The National Agricultural Biotechnology Information Center (NABIC) constructed an agricultural biology-based infrastructure and developed a Web based relational database for agricultural plants with biotechnology information. The NABIC has concentrated on functional genomics of major agricultural plants, building an integrated biotechnology database for agro-biotech information that focuses on genomics of major agricultural resources. This genome database provides annotated genome information from 1,039,823 records mapped to rice, Arabidopsis, and Chinese cabbage.     

Two genetic codes, one genome: frameshifted primate mitochondrial genes code for additional proteins in presence of antisense antitermination tRNAs

Genomic amino acid usages coevolve with cloverleaf formation capacities of corresponding primate mitochondrial tRNAs, also for antisense tRNAs, suggesting translational function for sense and antisense tRNAs. Some antisense tRNAs are antitermination tRNAs (anticodons match stops (UAR: UAA, UAG; AGR: AGA, AGG)). Genomes possessing antitermination tRNAs avoid corresponding stops in frames 0 and +1, preventing translational antitermination. In frame +2, AGR stop frequencies and corresponding antisense antitermination tRNAs coevolve positively. This suggests expression of frameshifted overlapping genes, potentially shortening genomes, increasing metabolic efficiency. Blast analyses of hypothetical proteins translated from one and seven +1, respectively, +2 frameshifted human mitochondrial protein coding genes align with eleven GenBank sequences (31% of the mitochondrial coding regions). These putative overlap genes contain few UARs, AGRs align with arginine. Overlap gene numbers increase in presence of, and with time since evolution of antitermination tRNA AGR in 57 primate mitochondrial genomes. Numbers of putative proteins translated from antisense protein coding sequences and detected by blast also coevolve positively with antitermination tRNAs; expression of two of these ‘antisense’ mRNAs increases under low resource availability. Although more direct evidence is still lacking for the existence of proteins translated from overlapping mitochondrial genes and for antisense tRNAs activity, coevolutions between predicted overlap genes and the antitermination tRNAs required to translate them suggest expression of overlapping genes by an overlapping genetic code. Functions of overlapping genes remain unknown, perhaps originating from dual lifestyles of ancestral free living-parasitic mitochondria. Their amino acid composition suggests expression under anaerobic conditions.     

Aperiodic stochastic resonance in neural information processing with Gaussian colored noise

The aim of this paper is to explore the phenomenon of aperiodic stochastic resonance in neural systems with colored noise. For nonlinear dynamical systems driven by Gaussian colored noise, we prove that the stochastic sample trajectory can converge to the corresponding deterministic trajectory as noise intensity tends to zero in mean square, under global and local Lipschitz conditions, respectively. Then, following forbidden interval theorem we predict the phenomenon of aperiodic stochastic resonance in bistable and excitable neural systems. Two neuron models are further used to verify the theoretical prediction. Moreover, we disclose the phenomenon of aperiodic stochastic resonance induced by correlation time and this finding suggests that adjusting noise correlation might be a biologically more plausible mechanism in neural signal processing.     

Density, social information, and space use in the common lizard (Lacerta vivipara)

Socially acquired information is widespread in the animal kingdom.Many individuals make behavioral decisions based on such socialinformation. In particular, individuals may decide to leaveor select their habitat based on social information. Few studieshave investigated the role of density-related information, apotential social cue about habitat quality in dispersal. Here,we tested for the possibility that the phenotype of intrudercommon lizards (Lacerta vivipara) may inadvertently carry informationabout their natal population density. We found that such informationuse is likely. The behavior of focal lizard was influenced bythe natal population density of the intruder it was interactingwith. This suggests that individuals may use the behavior ofothers to acquire appropriate information about surroundingsand to base spatial decisions on this information. Density-relatedinformation may then affect individual movement decisions andthus metapopulation dynamics.