Effect of sorghum ethyl-acetate extract on benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by testosterone in Sprague–Dawley rats

ABSTRACT

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is commonly observed in men > 50 years worldwide. Phytotherapy is one of the many treatment options. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) contains various health-improving phytochemicals with antioxidant and inhibitory activities on cell proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo. To confirm the effects of Donganme sorghum ethyl-acetate extract (DSEE) on BPH, we induced BPH in Spragye–Dawley rats using exogenous testosterone. We measured prostate weight, examined prostrates histopathologically, and analyzed mRNAs associated with male hormones and proteins associated with cell proliferation in the prostate. DSEE inhibited weight gain of the prostate; decreased mRNA expressions of androgen receptor and 5α-reductase II; and improved histopathological symptoms, the protein-expressed ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and the oxidative status of BPH induced by testosterone in SD rats. Therefore, DSEE may have potential as a preventive or therapeutic agent against BPH.     

On the release of fluoride from biofilm reservoirs during a cariogenic challenge: an in situ study

Abstract

Biofilm fluoride reservoirs may be a source of fluoride to the fluid phase during a sugar challenge reducing tooth mineral loss. However, the evidence for that is conflicting and has not been studied in biofilms containing different fluoride levels. In order to test fluoride release from biofilms with distinct fluoride concentrations, biofilms were grown in situ exposed to a combination of placebo, calcium and fluoride rinses forming biofilms with no (fluoride-free rinses), low (fluoride-only rinses) or high (calcium followed by fluoride rinses) fluoride concentrations, and collected before and 5?min after a sucrose challenge. Rinsing with fluoride increased fluoride concentration in the biofilm (p?<?0.05), mainly when a calcium pre-rinse was used before the fluoride (p?<?0.05). However, after a sugar challenge, no significant increase in the biofilm fluid fluoride concentration was observed, even in the fluoride-rich biofilms (p?>?0.05). Fluoride-rich biofilms do not release fluoride to the fluid phase during a sugar challenge.     

Metabolic control of recombinant monoclonal antibody N-glycosylation in GS-NS0 cells

Variable N-glycosylation at Asn(297) in the Fc region of recombinant therapeutic immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules, specifically terminal galactosylation and sialylation, may affect both pharmacokinetic behavior and effector functions of recombinant therapeutic antibodies. We investigated the hypothesis that IgG Fc glycosylation can be controlled by manipulation of cellular nucleotide-sugar metabolism. In control cultures, N-glycans associated with the Fc domain of a recombinant humanized IgG1 produced by GS-NS0 cells in culture were predominantly biantennary, variably beta-galactosylated (average 0.3 mol galactose complex N-glycan(-1)) structures with no bisecting N-acetylglucosamine residues, sialylation, or alpha1,3-linked galactosylation evident. However, a variable proportion (5% to 15%) of high-mannose (Man5 to Man9) oligosaccharides were present. To manipulate the cellular content of the nucleotide sugar precursor required for galactosylation, UDP-Gal, we included either 10 mM glucosamine or 10 mM galactose in the culture medium. In the case of the former, a 17-fold increase in cellular UDP-N-acetylhexosamine content was observed, with a concomitant reduction (33%) in total UDP-hexose, although the ratio of UDP-Glc:UDP-Gal (4:1) was unchanged. Associated with these alterations in cellular UDP-sugar content was a significant reduction (57%) in the galactosylation of Fc-derived oligosaccharides. The proportion of high-mannose-type N-glycans (specifically Man5, the substrate for N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I) at Asn(297) was unaffected. In contrast, inclusion of 10 mM galactose in culture specifically stimulated UDP-Gal content almost five-fold. However, this resulted in only a minimal, insignificant increase (6%) in beta1,4-galactosylation of Fc N-glycans. Sialylation was not improved upon the addition of the CMP-sialic acid (CMP-SA) precursor N-acetylmannosamine (20 mM), even with an associated 44-fold increase in cellular CMP-SA content. Analysis of recombinant IgG1 Fc glycosylation during batch culture showed that beta1,4-linked galactosylation declined slightly during culture, although, in the latter stages of culture, the release of proteases and glycosidases by lysed cells were likely to have contributed to the more dramatic drop in galactosylation. These data demonstrate: (i) the effect of steric hindrance on Fc N-glycan processing; (ii) the extent to which alterations in cellular nucleotide-sugar content may affect Fc N-glycan processing; and (iii) the potential for direct metabolic control of Fc N-glycosylation.     

Genetics of alcohol dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: I. Isolation and genetic analysis of adh mutants

On the basis of allyalcohol resistance, Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutanta were isolated that were deficient in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). The mutants were divided into three classes by their different ADH isozyme pattern obtained after starch-gel electrophoresis: adc mutants that did not produce the constitutive ADH, adr mutants from which the glucose repressible enzyme (ADHII) was absent, and adm mutants deficient in ADH activity associated with the mitochondria.Genetic analysis showed that two genes control synthesis of the glucose repressible enzyme ADHII, one gene the constitutive ADHI and a fourth nuclear gene the mitochondrial ADH. None of these four genes showed any linkage.The various mutant types did not show drastic effects on yeast growth on media containing glucose or ethanol as sole carbon sources.     

石菖蒲提取物对四种储粮害虫的生物活性研究

研究了石菖蒲4种溶剂无水乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、石油醚提取物对玉米象、谷蠹、长角扁谷盗和锯谷盗4种储粮害虫的驱避作用和触杀作用。结果表明：石菖蒲4种溶剂提取物对4种试虫均有明显的驱避作用和触杀作用,处理60 h的平均驱避等级均达到Ⅲ级以上,对4种试虫的触杀死亡率均达到41.11%以上。     

Thin semitransparent gels containing phenylboronic acid: porosity, optical response and permeability for sugars

Radical copolymerization of acrylamide (Am) (90 mol%) with N-acryloyl-m-aminophenylboronic acid (NAAPBA) (10 mol%) carried out on the surface of glass slides in aqueous solution and in the absence of chemical cross-linkers, resulted in the formation of thin semitransparent gels. The phenylboronic acid (PBA) ligand density was ca. 160 micromol/ml gel. The gels exhibited a macroporous structure and displayed optical response to sucrose, lactose, glucose and fructose in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, in the pH range from 6.5 to 7.5. The response was fairly reversible and linearly depended on glucose concentration in the wide concentration range from 1 to 60 mM at pH 7.3. The character of response was explained by the balance of two competing equilibrium processes: binding of glucose to phenylboronate anions and binary hydrophobic interactions of neutral PBA groups. The apparent diffusion coefficient of glucose in the gels was ca. 2.5 x 10(-7) cm(2)/s. A freshly prepared gel can be used daily for at least 1 month without changes in sensitivity. Autoclaving (121 degrees C, 1.2 bar, 10 min) allows for the gels sterilization, which is important for their use as glucose sensors in fermentation processes.     

胡桃楸提取液对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的考察胡桃楸提取液对肿瘤细胞Hela、K562的抑制作用和相关机制。方法用MTT方法分析胡桃楸提取液对Hela、K562细胞增殖的影响。采用端粒酶PCR ELISA试剂盒分析胡桃楸提取液对Hela、K562细胞端粒酶的影响。结果 Hela细胞24、48和72 h的LD50分别为406.18μg/mL、319.48μg/mL和112.84μg/mL。K562细胞24 h LD50为154.50μg/mL。HLF细胞LD50为918.69μg/mL。胡桃楸提取液可抑制Hela细胞和K562细胞的端粒酶活性,而对HLF细胞端粒酶活性影响不大。结论胡桃楸提取液对Hela细胞、K562细胞有抑制作用,在低浓度下对HLF细胞杀伤不大。对肿瘤细胞抑制作用可能与抑制端粒酶活性相关。     

Antimicrobial effect of different herbal plant extracts against different microbial population

This study evaluates the antimicrobial effects of ethanolic extract of five herbal plants; Guava (Psidium guajava), Sage (Salvia officinalis), Rhamnus (Ziziphusspina Christi), Mulberry (Morusalba L.), and Olive (Oleaeuropaea L) leaves against several microbial population representing Gram positive, Gram negative and Mollicutes; S. aureus, E. coli, Pasteurella multocida, B. cereus, Salmonella Enteritidis and M. gallisepticum using standard agar disc diffusion technique and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Different extracts reveal variable results against the microorganism under study. All extracts have no antibacterial potency for Mycoplasma gallisepticum except Psidium guajava. The results of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts against the six bacteria ranged from 625 to 5000 μg/ml. The used herbal extract could inhibit the selected microorganism under study with variable minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).     

黑果枸杞提取物泡腾片的制备及其质量评价

为了解决黑果枸杞中花青素稳定性问题,本文采用Box-Behnken设计对黑果枸杞提取物泡腾片配方进行优化,并对其进行质量评价。采用酸碱混合制粒压片法,通过单因素实验,筛选出片剂所需的辅料:崩解剂、填充剂、润滑剂以及甜味剂。采用响应面试验,结合感官评价进行处方优化,从而确定最优配方:柠檬酸32%、黑果枸杞提取物25%、碳酸氢钠24%、乳糖15%、甜蜜素3%、聚乙二醇6000 1%;对最优配方进行质量评价,各项指标均符合规定,其中花青素含量为8.06 mg/g。该泡腾片表面光滑,泡腾效果好,具有黑果枸杞香气,为实际生产提供理论依据。