Über zwei diploide,in Südwest-Anatolien endemische Arten aus dem Komplex derVeronica cymbalaria (Scrophulariaceae)

Veronica lycica Lehm. is a distinct, diploid member of theVeronica cymbalaria group, endemic in Lycia (S.W. Anatolia). Closely related is the newV. stamatiadae M. Fischer etW. Greuter which is also diploid and seems to be restricted to the small Greek island Ro close to the South coast of Lycia. The chromosome numbers for both species are reported for the first time (2n = 18).

Untersuchungen über den PolyploidkomplexVeronica cymbalaria agg., II. — Der erste Beitrag dieser Serie:Fischer (1975).     

酪酸梭菌和婴儿型双歧杆菌对霍乱弧菌的拮抗试验

了解酪酸梭菌和婴儿型双歧杆菌单独及混合培养时对霍乱弧菌的拮抗作用。将酪酸梭菌ＬＣＬ１６６和婴儿型双歧杆菌ＬＣＬ１７２分别与霍乱弧菌Ｏ１、Ｏ１３９单独和混合培养,定时对霍乱弧菌计数,并对菌数的对数进行在检验。两株菌混合培养时对霍乱弧菌的抑制效果基本相同,单独和混合培养时对霍乱弧菌的拮抗作用主要由酪酸梭菌引起,酪酸梭菌具有抑制霍乱弧菌的作用。     

Phosphoproteome Profiling of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase MuSK Identifies Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Rab GTPases

Muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) agonist antibodies were developed 2 decades ago to explore the benefits of receptor activation at the neuromuscular junction. Unlike agrin, the endogenous agonist of MuSK, agonist antibodies function independently of its coreceptor low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 4 to delay the onset of muscle denervation in mouse models of ALS. Here, we performed dose–response and time-course experiments on myotubes to systematically compare site-specific phosphorylation downstream of each agonist. Remarkably, both agonists elicited similar intracellular responses at known and newly identified MuSK signaling components. Among these was inducible tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple Rab GTPases that was blocked by MuSK inhibition. Importantly, mutation of this site in Rab10 disrupts association with its effector proteins, molecule interacting with CasL 1/3. Together, these data provide in-depth characterization of MuSK signaling, describe two novel MuSK inhibitors, and expose phosphorylation of Rab GTPases downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase activation in myotubes.     

罗汉果甜苷V的合成生物学研究进展

罗汉果甜苷V是罗汉果甜苷中含量和甜度均较高的成分,具有止咳祛痰、抗癌、抗氧化、调节血糖等诸多药理活性,成为兼具治疗功能的天然非糖甜味剂,具有广阔的市场前景。然而目前有限的生物资源和较高的提取成本,限制了它的广泛应用。合成生物学的快速发展为植物天然产物的生产提供了一种新思路,通过构建罗汉果甜苷V的微生物细胞工厂,将实现其低成本、规模化生产。文中介绍了罗汉果甜苷V的结构及药理活性,重点综述了罗汉果甜苷V的合成生物学研究进展,并探讨了当前研究所面临的挑战,以期为罗汉果甜苷V生物合成的进一步研究提供参考。     

Ultrastructure of retrocerebral complex of the earwig, Euborellia annulipes, and rôle of aorta as a neurohaemal organ

The ultrastructure of the retrocerebral endocrine-aortal complex of the earwig, Euborellia annulipes has been studied. The space between the inner and outer stromal layers of the aorta is occupied by numerous axon terminals and pre-terminals containing large electron dense granules (NS-I) of approximately 100 to 220 nm and a few axon terminals having small granules (NS-II) of approximately 40 to 90 nm; the former appear to belong to medial neurosecretory A-cells, and the latter to the B-cells of the brain. The corpora cardiaca consist of intrinsic cells with mitochondria and multivesicular bodies. Granules of type NS-II and NS-III are observed in the axon terminals and pre-terminals in the corpora cardiaca. The NS-II are identical to those found in the aorta and are probably the secretions of the lateral B-cells. Granules of type NS-III are 40 to 120 nm and electron dense, and are intrinsic in origin. Similar granules occur in the intrinsic cells of the corpora cardiaca. E M studies have confirmed the rôle of the aorta as a neurohaemal organ for the medial neurosecretory cells, and the corpora cardiaca for the lateral neurosecretory cells of the brain. The corpora cardiaca also act as a reservoir for the intrinsic secretion. The corpus allatum is a solid body consisting of parenchymal cells with prominent nuclei, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. In between its cells are occasional glial cells and also neurosecretory as well as non-neurosecretory axons. The gland is devoid of A-cell NSM.     

MD Simulations and first principles to evaluate the role of binary Fe–V alloys layer on the radiation resistance in the alpha-iron

Radiation damage in reactor materials caused by the collision of the fast neutrons has a great impact on the reliability and safety of nuclear reactors. The element vanadium has attracted interest in many fields due to its advantageous properties in alloys. Thus, molecular dynamics simulation (MD) and first-principles calculation have been executed here to explore the radiation-resistant properties of five materials adding a layer in the bulk (pure iron and four types of Fe–V alloys containing 10%-40% V). The following results were inferred from these simulations. Firstly, the number of Frenkel pairs (FPs) at the stable quenching stage in the bulk decreases when the Fe–V alloy is added as an anti-radiation layer to the bulk. These benefits are evident for the Fe₈₀V₂₀ and alloy layers with more vanadium. The main reason is that the Fe–V binding energy is greater than the Fe-Fe binding energy, which can make the Primary Knock-On atom (PKA) lose more energy at the Fe–V alloy layer. Secondly, the average value of point-defect, cluster and defect clustered fractions in the bulk of Fe–V alloy is smaller than that in the pure iron at the stable quenching stage, especially for the Fe₈₀V₂₀ alloy.     

HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibody Signatures and Application to Epitope-Targeted Vaccine Design

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CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF在胃癌的表达及临床意义

目的:检测胃癌组织中CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF表达情况及其与胃癌临床病理因素的关系,并探讨其表达与胃裸区侵犯的临床意义。方法:采用免疫组化方法测定60例胃癌组织CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF表达情况,并结合患者的临床病理资料进行分析。结果:CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF的表达与胃癌的TNM分期、浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关。胃裸区受侵组与未受侵组胃癌组织的CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF的表达无明显差异。结论:CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF的表达与胃癌的浸润转移密切相关,胃裸区是否受侵与胃癌组织的CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF的表达无关,胃裸区这一解剖结构可能是胃癌预后较差的原因。     

慢性胃炎肠化生CD_(44)、CD_(44V6)及Cyclin D_1、Cyclin E的表达和意义

目的探讨慢性胃炎胃粘膜肠化生CD44、CD44V6及cyclin D1、Cyclin E表达的意义。方法利用免疫细胞化学技术对39例伴有肠化生的慢性胃炎和5例正常人胃窦粘膜的活检组织进行检查。结果正常人胃窦粘膜上皮,腺上皮对CD44、CD44V6、Cyclin D1和Cyclin E均为阴性,但在有神经内分泌样细胞的粘膜,CD44V6和cyclin D1为阳性。慢性胃炎肠化生区和不典型增生区除CD44为阴性外,CD44V6、cyclin D1和cyclin E均呈现不同的阳性反应,但未见有阳性的神经内分泌样细胞。间质细胞大都呈阳性反应。结论CD44V6、cyclin D1和cyclin E可能是胃癌前状态的早期事件,而CD44可能为胃癌晚期的标志物。     

海洋环境来源的淀粉酶AmyP对生玉米 淀粉的降解特性

来自海洋宏基因组文库的 α-淀粉酶（AmyP）属于最新建立的糖苷水解酶亚家族GH13₃7。AmyP 是一个生淀粉降解酶,能有效降解玉米生淀粉。在最适反应条件 pH 7.5和 40 °C 下,生玉米淀粉的比活达到 39.6 ± 1.4 U/mg。酶解反应动力学显示 AmyP 可以非常快速的降解生玉米淀粉。对 1%的生玉米淀粉仅需要 30 min;4%和 8%的生玉米淀粉只需 3 h。DTT 可以显著提高 AmyP 对生玉米淀粉的降解活性,1% DTT 促使活性增加 1倍。根据电镜观察和产物分析,认为 AmyP 是以内腐蚀的模式降解生玉米淀粉颗粒,释放出葡萄糖、麦芽糖和麦芽三糖作为终产物。