MicroRNA‐29b‐3p suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma cell migration and invasion via IL32/AKT signalling pathway

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is aggressive accompanied with poor prognosis. We previously isolated the most invasive cells resembling the invasive tumour front by microfluidic technology and explored their differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in our previous work. Here, we verified the miR‐29b‐3p as a guarder that suppressed migration and invasion of OSCC cells and was down‐regulated in the most invasive cells. Besides that, the invasion suppression role of miR‐29b‐3p was achieved through the IL32/AKT pathway. Thus, miR‐29b‐3p and IL32 might serve as therapeutic targets for blocking the progression and improving the outcome of OSCC.     

Recent developments in mesophyll conductance in C3, C4, and crassulacean acid metabolism plants

The conductance of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the substomatal cavities to the initial sites of CO₂ fixation (g_m) can significantly reduce the availability of CO₂ for photosynthesis. There have been many recent reviews on: (i) the importance of g_m for accurately modelling net rates of CO₂ assimilation, (ii) on how leaf biochemical and anatomical factors influence g_m, (iii) the technical limitation of estimating g_m, which cannot be directly measured, and (iv) how g_m responds to long‐ and short‐term changes in growth and measurement environmental conditions. Therefore, this review will highlight these previous publications but will attempt not to repeat what has already been published. We will instead initially focus on the recent developments on the two‐resistance model of g_m that describe the potential of photorespiratory and respiratory CO₂ released within the mitochondria to diffuse directly into both the chloroplast and the cytosol. Subsequently, we summarize recent developments in the three‐dimensional (3‐D) reaction‐diffusion models and 3‐D image analysis that are providing new insights into how the complex structure and organization of the leaf influences g_m. Finally, because most of the reviews and literature on g_m have traditionally focused on C₃ plants we review in the final sections some of the recent developments, current understanding and measurement techniques of g_m in C₄ and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants. These plants have both specialized leaf anatomy and either a spatially or temporally separated CO₂ concentrating mechanisms (C₄ and CAM, respectively) that influence how we interpret and estimate g_m compared with a C₃ plants.     

广州市湿地公园植物调查与分析

为更好地提高湿地公园的生态服务能力、加强湿地公园的物种保育功能并促进湿地公园建设和发展质量,对广州地区20个湿地公园植物进行了实地调查。结果表明,调查区域共有205种湿地植物;对其物种组成、生活型、生态习性、优势科属及应用频度等的分析表明,湿地公园的植物群落结构比较简单,主要植物种类同质化现象很严重,保护和珍稀植物种类应用较少等。基于此,推荐了55种本土植物作为广州市湿地公园进行生态改造和景观配置的候选物种,同时还提出了对未来湿地公园的建设和管理的若干建议。     

The real objective of Mendel's paper: A response to Monaghan and Corcos

Mendel's work in hybridization is ipso facto a study in inheritance. He is explicit in his interest to formulate universal generalizations, and at least in the case of the independent segregation of traits, he formulated his conclusions in the form of a law. Mendel did not discern, however, the inheritance of traits from that of the potential for traits. Choosing to study discrete non-overlapping traits, this did not hamper his efforts.     

Optical Limnology of a Hypertrophic Gravel-Pit Lake

The underwater light field has been studied in a hypertrophic, gravel-pit lake close to Madrid (Spain) during a one year cycle. Both the inherent and the apparent properties of the underwater light field have been weekly surveyed. As theoretically expected, there is a link between inherent and apparent properties in this lake. Evidence is given suggesting that a seasonal trend in the underwater light field seems to occur. The main factor attenuating light in the vertical column is phytoplankton chlorophyll “a” but humic substances also appear to play an importtant role in light attenuation.     

Use of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in insect trophic ecology

Insects are the most diverse organisms and often the most abundant animals in some ecosystems. Despite the importance of their functional roles and of the knowledge for conservation, the trophic ecology of many insect species is not fully understood. In this review, I present how stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes have been used to reveal the trophic ecology of insects over the last 30 years. The isotopic studies on insects have used differences in C isotope ratios between C₃ and C₄ plants, along vertical profiles of temperate and tropical forest stands, and between terrestrial and aquatic resources. These differences enable exploration of the relative importance of the food resources, as well as movement and dispersal of insects across habitats. The ¹³C‐enrichment (approximately 3‰) caused by saprotrophic fungi can allow the estimation of the importance of fungi in insect diets. Stable N isotopes have revealed food resource partitioning across diverse insect species above and belowground. Detritivorous insects often show a large trophic enrichment in ¹³C (up to 3‰) and ¹⁵N (up to 10‰) relative to the food substrates, soil organic matter. These values are greater than those commonly used for estimation of trophic level. This enrichment likely reflects the prevalence of soil microbial processes, such as fungal development and humification, influencing the isotopic signatures of diets in detritivores. Isotope analysis can become an essential tool in the exploration of insect trophic ecology in terms of biogeochemical C and N cycles, including trophic interactions, plant physiological and soil microbial processes.     

大气颗粒物污染对土地覆盖变化的响应

土地利用-覆盖变化(LUCC)直接或间接影响颗粒物污染。了解颗粒物污染对LUCC的响应,对维护和改善生态环境具有重要的意义。基于卫星遥感技术,从广域的空间尺度分析颗粒物污染对LUCC的响应。使用MODIS数据分别提取与颗粒物污染相关性较高的城市用地、林地等土地利用类型,确定土地利用类型的变化趋势,利用长时间序列MODIS气溶胶光学厚度(AOD,Aerosol optical depth)产品分析颗粒物污染与土地利用类型的变化的相关性。以山东省青岛市、淄博市、济南市3个典型城市为例,研究了AOD随土地利用类型的变化趋势。同时,考虑并分析了颗粒物污染对土地利用变化响应的敏感性,以及城市区域变化对环境的影响。研究结果表明,不同的城市类型,由于决定环境变化主导因素的差异,颗粒物污染对LUCC的响应具有明显的差异。青岛市地区,由于受海洋影响显著,大气颗粒物污染与LUCC的相关性较低,如中度污染天气与林地的相关系数为-0.451;而淄博市和济南市的相关系数分别为-0.473、-0.507。     

Anoxybacillus sp. SO B1–Immobilized Amberlite XAD-16 for Solid-Phase Preconcentration of Cu(II) and Pb(II) and Their Determinations by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A new method for the determination of Cu(II) and Pb(II) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) after preconcentrating on a column containing Anoxybacillus sp. SO B1–immobilized Amberlite XAD-16 was developed. The functional groups of Anoxybacillus sp. SO B1 immobilized on Amberlite XAD-16 were characterized in KBr tablets by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry. Various parameters such as pH, amount of the adsorbent, eluent type and volume, and flow rate of the sample solution were studied. The optimum pH values of quantitative sorption for Cu(II) and Pb(II) were found to be pH 7.0 and 5.0 and Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions could be quantitatively eluted with 5.0 ml of 1.0 mol L^?1 HCI and 10.0 ml of 0.25 mol L^?1 HNO₃, respectively. Recoveries of Cu(II) and Pb(II) were found to be 100.9 ± 1.57% and 100.3 ± 0.49% (N = 5), the limits of detection of Cu(II) and Pb(II) in the determination by FAAS (3 s, N = 10) were found to be 0.8 and 1.6 μg L^?1, respectively. The proposed enrichment method was applied for metal ion determination from water samples such as two parts of Tigris River water in Diyarbak?r and Elaz??, Lake of Hazar in Elaz??, and tap water in Diyarbak?r. Furthermore, the accuracy of the proposed method was verified by studying the analytical recovery and by analyzing certified reference material (NCS-DC 73350 leaves of poplar).     

郑州市社区居民人体体质特征的调查*

目的:调查郑州市社区居民人体体质特征,比较其性别、年龄间的差异及左右侧功能的差异。方法:选取19岁以上健康的郑州社区居民600例,其中,男性283例,女性317例,男、女性别在19~34岁、35~44岁、45~59岁、60~70岁4个年龄组的人数分布分别为80、79、73、51和83、85、87、62。采用体质测量法、直观判定法收集其11项人体功能类表型基础数据,比较其体质特征的性别、年龄间的差异与左右侧差异。结果:从性别上来看,女性的肩关节、腕关节、髋关节屈伸度和膝关节屈曲度均大于男性(P＜0.05);从不同年龄组来看,同性别不同年龄组其关节活动度的差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而同年龄组不同性别间的差异则无统计学意义(P＞0.05);从左右侧来看,各年龄段的视力均为左侧好于右侧、握力右侧大于左侧(P＜0.05),肩关节活动度和髋关节的活动度均为右侧大于左侧(P＜0.05)。结论:郑州市社区居民的人体功能,不同性别、不同年龄组间有着不同的体质特征,且一些指标存在左右侧的差异,可为国人体质特征的研究提供基线资料。