Cloning of differential expression fragments in cauliflower after Xanthomonas campestris inoculation

A near isogenic line (NIL) of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis with resistant and susceptible lines C712 and C731, was used in this study. More than 100 differentially expressed cDNA fragments were obtained from black rot resistant cauliflower plants obtained using cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) after infection with the pathogen. Thirteen of these fragments were cloned and subjected to reverse Northern blot analysis using both infected and control cDNA pools. Two positive clones, M2 and M6, were isolated. Northern dot blot and Northern blot analyses showed that M2 was constitutively expressed, whereas M6 contained a gene that was differentially expressed during pathogen infection. Moreover, M6 cDNA fragment was also highly expressed 16–24 h after H₂O₂ treatment. Southern blots showed that M6 is a single copy gene in the cauliflower genome, and encodes a protein with 84 % homology to gene on Arabidopsis chromosome 1. The deduced M6 protein has 91 % positive homology with the Arabidopsis 2A6 protein, which regulates ethylene synthesis; 76 % homology with a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO), the last enzyme in ethylene synthesis; and 70 % homology with an ethylene induced DNA binding factor. These results suggest that M6 gene fragment is a new H₂O₂ downstream defense related gene fragment and can be induced by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and H₂O₂.     

Radiometric assessment of tillage and seed treatment effect on soybean root rot caused by Fusarium spp. in central Minnesota

Soybean root rot, caused primarily by Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli in a complex with F. oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, has become an increasing problem for soybeans, dry beans, and other rotation crops in central Minnesota due to soil conditions associated with reduced tillage. This study was conducted, in two field sites in central Minnesota located near Staples and Verndale, to develop methods for nondestructive assessment of root rot severity using plant radiometric properties. Soybean canopy reflectance was measured with a hand-held multi-spectral radiometer. Prior to the radiometer measurements, attempts were made to create differing root rot situations with moldboard or chisel tillage, and with or without a biological seed treatment. Root rot severity was estimated using a visual disease severity scale. Colony-forming units (CFU) were determined to estimate soil populations of pathogenic F. solani and F. oxysporum. Results from the Verndale site consistently showed significant treatment effects in the measured canopy radiometric parameters, and in the visual disease rating and yield (significant for seed treatment). Values of a simple ratio vegetation index from this site exhibited negative relationships with disease rating and F. oxysporum CFU, and a positive linear relationship with yield. Treatment effects were generally not significant at the Staples site because of low initial F. oxysporum populations. The results indicate that remote sensing is potentially a rapid, nondestructive means for assessment of root rot diseases in soybean.     

利用纤维质原料生产高酶活单细胞蛋白

以蒸汽爆破处理的玉米秸秆为主要原料,接种木霉菌和酵母菌,进行混合发酵生产高酶活单细胞蛋白,在优选的条件下,产品蛋白质含量达31．82％,较原料提高49．69％,纤维素降解率达56．88％,产品纤维素酶活性达105U/g。     

中国烟草根黑腐病菌根串珠霉菌群及rDNA-ITS序列分析

从国内不同烟区分离获得烟草根黑腐病菌根串珠霉45个野生型和11个白色变异菌株,参照Punja & Sun的分群鉴定方法,对这56个菌株进行了分群鉴定。结果表明：中国根串珠霉分离株存在明显形态变异,共划分出6个群,其中群Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ为野生型,群Ⅳ、Ⅴ为白色变异型;另有白色变异型HLL-1￠不同于其他各群,将其建为新群—群Ⅵ。统计分析发现,群Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ及Ⅵ的分离频率分别占42.9%、33.9%、3.6%、16.0%、1.8%和1.8%。群Ⅰ主要分布重庆和云南,群Ⅱ在5个调查省市均有分布,群Ⅲ、群Ⅴ仅分布     

柑橘与枳属间体细胞杂种再生及其对脚腐病抗性的评价

Page橘柚 (CitrusreticulataBlanco×C .paradisiMacf.)胚性细胞悬浮系原生质体与枳 (Poncirustrifoliata (L .)Raf.)叶肉原生质体经电场诱导融合 ,4～ 5个月再生 15 0余棵小植株。再生植株根系发达 ,叶片具三叶特征。随机检查 2 0余株再生苗根尖染色体数目 ,表明都为四倍体 (2n =4x =36 )。随机取 7株进行RAPD分析 ,表明被检测植株都为杂种。用引起脚腐病的寄生疫霉菌 (PhytophthoraparasiticaDastar)毒素接种体细胞杂种及双亲叶片 ,结果表明 ,Page橘柚中度感病 ,枳高抗 ,体细胞杂种为抗病类型。     

Intergeneric Somatic Hybrid Plants Between Citrus and Poncirus trifoliata and Evaluation of Their Root Rot Resistance

Protoplasts of Page tangelo (Citrus reticulata Blanco×C. paradisi Macf.) cell suspension culture were electrically fused with mesophyll protoplasts isolated from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.). More than 150 plantlets regenerated after 4-5 months of culture. The regenerated plants were trifoliate with well developed root systems. Root-tip chromosome counting of more than 20 randomly selected plants revealed that they were all tetraploids (2n=4x=36). RAPD analysis of 7 randomly selected plants verified their hybridity. Inoculation of citrus Phytophthora parasitica Dastar toxin on leaves of somatic hybrids and both parental genotypes showed that Page tangelo was moderately susceptible, and trifoliate orange was highly resistant while the somatic hybrids were resistant. The potential of this somatic hybrid as rootstock is also discussed.     

辽宁东部山区林地生态分类系统

以数字高程模型和SPOT-5遥感数据为数据源,通过地理信息系统的空间分析,在辽宁东部山区有代表性实验区域内,完成了生态土地类型(ELT)和生态土地类型相(ELTP)两个等级的分类和绘图,构成了生态分类系统(ECS)等级结构中最低的两个层次.实验区域内共得到5种ELT和34种ELTP.ELT的划分以环境特征为基础,表征了植被分布的潜在状况和森林生态系统潜在的生产力.ELTP是对ELT的再划分,是生态分类系统的最小单元,相当于我国林业区划中的小班.ELTP既包含ELT中的环境信息又包含现存植被构成的信息,具有空间精准、生态学含义明确的优点.在森林管理活动中,采用ELTP代替小班可以从景观尺度科学地指导森林经营计划编制,调整森林管理方式,实现对森林生态系统的有效管理.     

Improved resistance to bacterial soft rot by protoplast fusion between Brassica rapa and B. oleracea

Erwinia soft rot is a destructive disease of Brassica rapa vegetables. Reliable sources of resistance and control methods are limited, so development of highly resistant breeding lines is desirable. Protoplasts from B. rapa and B. oleracea genotypes selected for resistance to soft rot were fused in order to combine different sources of resistance. Twelve somatic hybrids (synthetic B. napus) were obtained and confirmed by morphology, nuclear DNA content, and RAPD analysis. They were normal looking plants that easily set seeds following self-pollination and backcrossing to B. rapa. Assays of detached leaves or seedlings inoculated in a mist-chamber showed that most somatic hybrids had lower disease severity ratings than the B. rapa fusion partner and a commercial variety of B. napus. Some progeny from selfing or backcrossing of somatic hybrids to B. rapa showed much more resistance than either fusion partner. The offspring populations of the somatic hybrids (F₁–S₁ and F₁–BC₁) clearly moved to the resistant direction compared to the parents; the percentage of resistant plants increased from 21% (average of parents) to 36% (F₁–S₁) and 48% (F₁–BC₁). These results suggest that it may be possible to obtain highly resistant B. rapa lines by further backcrossing and selection. Received: June 1999 / Accepted: 29 July 1999     

大白菜软腐菌种群组成及优势菌致病型的研究

对黑龙江省成熟大白菜[Brassica pekinensis（Lour．）Rupr．]生产田采集的软腐病菌进行分离、纯化,并根据形态学特征分析了大白菜软腐病菌的种群组成。结果表明,引起黑龙江省秋季大白菜软腐病的主要致病菌是胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌胡萝卜软腐亚种[Erwinia carotovora（Jones）Bergey et al．subsp、carotovora]（Ecc）;利用20个Ecc菌株的混合菌对来源于不同生态型及不同地区的大白菜品种进行接种,筛选出5个鉴别寄主,以此将20个Ecc菌株划分为5个致病力类型,其中V型为优势致病菌,其分布广且致病力强。     

正交试验法优选三七茎叶中总黄酮的提取工艺

目的：从三七茎叶中提取总黄酮。方法：采用正交试验法研究三七茎叶总黄酮的提取工艺,考察了浸提用水的pH值、浸提温度、浸提时间、浸提次数、液料比五个因素对三七茎叶总黄酮提取率的影响。结果：确立了三七茎叶总黄酮最佳提取条件为：用pH10的稀碱水作溶剂,液料比30：1,浸提温度为80℃,回流提取2次,提取时间为每次40min。