外敷栀子柏皮汤对田径运动员胫骨疲劳性骨膜炎治疗的作用

目的：探讨外敷栀子柏皮汤是否具有缓解和治疗胫骨疲劳性骨膜炎的作用。方法：60例患有胫骨疲劳性骨膜炎的田径运动员随机分为A、B、C、D 4组,每次进行训练之后,A组通过按摩缓解症状,B、C、D组在按摩后,分别将浓度1、5、10 g/ml的栀子柏皮汤外加温水水浴并外敷于疼痛的小腿胫骨上,每次1 h,每天上下午训练后各一次,用有效率和视觉模拟评分法（visual analog scale, VAS）指标对患者治疗前后的疗效进行评定。结果：经5 d治疗后,C、D组的有效率显著高于A、B组（P<0.05,P<0.01）,D组有效率明显高于C组（P<0.05）;C、D组的VAS指数明显低于A、B组（P<0.05, P<0.01）,D组VAS指数明显低于C组（P<0.05）。结论：外敷有效浓度的栀子柏皮汤对田径运动员胫骨疲劳性骨膜炎患者有显著的治疗作用,可以作为田径运动员胫骨疲劳性骨膜炎的治疗方法。     

重组SOD抗运动性疲劳和抗氧化的初步研究

目的：观察重组SOD对小鼠运动能力和肝、脑组织中抗氧化能力的影响。方法：采用负重力竭性游泳实验测定小鼠的运动能力,观察重组SOD的抗运动性疲劳作用。结果：与对照组比较,给予100U重组SOD的小鼠负重力竭性游泳持续时间增加（P〈0．01）。游泳前2h给予100U重组SOD的小鼠游泳后血清中乳酸（LAC）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平非常显著提高（P〈0．01）,血清尿素氮（BUN）和葡萄糖（Glc）水平则显著提高（P〈0．05）;肝、脑组织中SOD活力非常显著提高（P〈0．01）。结论：重组SOD能改善小鼠的运动能力和抗组织氧化的能力。     

精神疲劳评价方法研究进展

长时间飞行活动所致的精神疲劳一直是航空航天医学中一个重要的课题。尤其随着我军航空技术的发展,精神疲劳已经成为影响飞行安全的重要原因之一。研究发现,精神疲劳发生时,机体的生理、心理、生化和工作绩效等功能会发生变化。例如,精神疲劳时,脑电图的theta波、delta波和alpha波发生变化、瞳孔直径增大、心率变异性的低频谱功率升高和高频谱功率降低、姿势控制能力下降、反应时延长、临界融合频率降低、血浆中氨基酸等功能性分子水平改变和认知能力的下降等。精神疲劳的客观评定方法就是研究者借助于某些设备来监测到这些变化,并根据这些变化对疲劳状态进行判断。本文将从生理、心理、生化和作业绩效等方面阐述了精神疲劳客观的评定方法,并指出了这些方法的优缺点。最后,本文对精神疲劳评价方法发展趋势做出了初步的判断,即我们应对精神疲劳进行综合量化评定,这样才能更全面准确地评估精神疲劳。     

Alternating activation is related to fatigue in lumbar muscles during sustained sitting

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between variability in muscle activity and fatigue during a sustained low level contraction in the lumbar muscles. Twenty-five healthy participants (13 men 12 women) performed a 30 min sitting task with 5 degrees inclination of the trunk. Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded bilaterally from the lumbar muscles with 2 high density surface EMG grids of 9 × 14 electrodes. Median frequency (MDF) decrease, amplitude (RMS) increase and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were used as fatigue indices. Alternating activation and spatial and temporal variability were computed and relations with the fatigue indices were explored. During sitting, the mono- and bipolar RMS slightly increased while the MDF remained unchanged indicating no systematic muscle fatigue, although the average RPE increased from 6 to 13 on a scale ranging between 6 and 20. Higher frequency of alternating activation between the left and right side was associated with increased RPE (p = 0.03) and decreased MDF (p = 0.05). A tendency in the same direction was seen between increased spatial and temporal variation within the grids and increased RPE and decreased MDF. Present findings provide evidence for a relationship between variability in muscle activity and fatigue.     

Effect of mental fatigue on induced tremor in human knee extensors

In this study, the effects of mental fatigue on mechanically induced tremor at both a low (3–6 Hz) and high (8–12 Hz) frequency were investigated. The two distinct tremor frequencies were evoked using two springs of different stiffness, during 20 s sustained contractions of the knee extensor muscles at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) before and after 100 min of a mental fatigue task, in 12 healthy (29 ± 3.7 years) participants. Mental fatigue resulted in a 6.9% decrease in MVC and in a 9.4% decrease in the amplitude of the agonist muscle EMG during sustained 30% MVC contractions in the induced high frequency only. Following the mental fatigue task, the coefficient of variation and standard deviation of the force signal decreased at 8–12 Hz induced tremor by 31.7% and 35.2% respectively, but not at 3–6 Hz induced tremor. Similarly, the maximum value and area underneath the peak in the power spectrum of the force signal decreased by 55.5% and 53.1% respectively in the 8–12 Hz range only. In conclusion, mental fatigue decreased mechanically induced 8–12 Hz tremor and had no effect on induced 3–6 Hz tremor. We suggest that the reduction could be attributed to the decreased activation of the agonist muscles.     

Effects of multi-joint muscular fatigue on biomechanics of slips

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of multi-joint muscular fatigue on biomechanics of slips. Both lower-limb fatigue and upper-limb fatigue were examined, and the fatiguing exercises involved multi-joint movements to replicate muscular fatigue in realistic scenarios. Sixty healthy young adults participated in the study, and were evenly categorized into three groups: no fatigue, lower-limb fatigue, and upper-limb fatigue. These participants were instructed to walk on a linear walkway, and slips were induced unexpectedly during walking. The results showed that multi-joint muscular fatigue affects biomechanics of slips in all three phases of slips (i.e. initiation, detection, and recovery). In particular, adaptive safer postural control strategies were adopted with the application of both lower-limb fatigue and upper-limb fatigue to maintain the likelihood of slip initiation as in the no fatigue condition. In the phases of detection and recovery, lower-limb fatigue was found to compromise biomechanics of slips while upper-limb fatigue did not show any effects. Based on these findings, minimizing exposures to lower-limb fatigue should be given higher priority compared to upper-limb fatigue when developing interventions to prevent slip-induced falls. In addition, these findings also suggest that interventions aimed at enhancing proprioceptive acuity and increasing muscular strength in the lower limb could also be effective in slip-induced fall prevention.     

运动性骨骼肌疲劳亚细胞机制的探讨

本实验采用持续性下坡跑运动,观察大鼠骨骼肌运动后不同时相线粒体形态、代谢、机能等指标的变化,结果表明：大鼠运动后即刻线粒体钙含量、细胞膜丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）值明显增加,ＡＴＰ含量和细胞膜Ｎａ＋,Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性下降;运动后２４ｈ线粒体钙含量、ＭＤＡ值增加最明显,ＡＴＰ含量仍未恢复,细胞膜Ｎａ＋,Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性基本恢复,线粒体体密度、平均体积比运动前明显增加,比表面缩小;运动后４８ｈＡＴＰ含量完全恢复,线粒体钙含量、ＭＤＡ值开始恢复。本研究结果提示,急性运动引起的细胞膜脂质过氧化加强、线粒体形态、代谢机能异常抑制线粒体氧化磷酸化过程、减少ＡＴＰ生成可能是运动性骨骼肌疲劳的亚细胞机制之一。耐力训练可以通过改善线粒体形态、代谢、机能提高机体的运动能力。     

肥厚型心肌病患者在心肺运动中核心指标的特征性研究*

目的: 肥厚型心肌病（HCM）,以心肌肥厚为主要特征的心肌疾病,猝死率高。临床症状表现为呼吸困难、乏力、胸痛等。症状限制性极限运动心肺运动试验（CPET）在整体整合生理和医学（HIPM）理论指导下是唯一评估人体整体功能状态检查,肥厚型心肌病患者在心肺运动中核心数据变化值得进一步探讨。方法: 选择2017年4月至2020年1月在阜外医院就诊签署知情同意书后完成CPET受试者244例为研究对象,其中219例肥厚型心肌病（肥厚心组）和无诊断疾病健康人25例（正常组）,观察两组CPET核心指标的异同。结果: ①肥厚心组男163女56例,正常组11男14女;肥厚心组年龄（46.7±12.8,16.0~71.0）岁;正常组年龄（43.7±10.4,26.0~61.0）岁。②肥厚心组CPET核心指标的峰值摄氧量（Peak VO₂）为（65.2±13.8,22.8~103.4）%pred;无氧阈（AT）为（66.4±13.0,33.7~103.5）%pred;峰值氧脉搏（Peak O₂ pulse）为（84.3±19.0,90.9~126.0）%pred;摄氧效率平台（OUEP）为（99.2±13.4,69.1~155.5）%pred;分钟通气量和二氧化碳排出量比值最小值（Lowest VE/VCO₂）为（108.0±13.2,70.4~154.0）%pred;分钟通气量和二氧化碳排出量比值斜率（VE/VCO₂ Slope）为（108.5±17.9,66.9~164.9）%pred, 肥厚心组较正常组在峰值摄氧量,无氧阈,峰值氧脉搏,摄氧效率平台等百分预计值（%pred）等指标均显著降低（P<0.01或P<0.05）;而Lowest VE/VCO₂和VE/VCO₂ Slope（%pred）显著升高（P<0.05）,差异均有统计学意义。个体而言,部分患者就诊时整体功能状态尚在正常范围内。③CPET中Peak VO₂与其他核心指标AT、OUEP、Peak O₂ pulse、峰值收缩压呈正相关;与Lowest VE/VCO₂ 和VE/VCO₂ Slope呈负相关。结论: 肥厚型心肌病患者能安全完成CPET,CPET指标具有特异性,不仅可用于整体功能评测、疾病诊断与鉴别诊断、危险分层、疗效评估和精准预后预测,并可用于整体论指导下的个体化整体方案慢病有效管理,值得进一步深入研究和临床推广应用。