网袋强化椎体成形术与经皮后凸椎体成形术在胸腰段骨质疏松压缩骨折中的短期疗效比较

摘要 目的：研究和比较使用网袋强化椎体成形术与经皮后凸椎体成形术在胸腰段骨质疏松压缩骨折中的短期疗效和安全性。方法：对2018年1月至2021年1月3年内,诊断为脊柱骨质疏松性骨折且行手术治疗的共计95例患者进行回顾性分析。根据实施手术方式的不同,将纳入的95例患者分为网袋组和PKP组。其中行网袋强化椎体成形术41例（网袋组）,行经皮后凸椎体成形术54例（PKP组）。统计和比较两组患者在术后的3天,3月的VAS评分及ODI评分。并对患者的影像学指标进行详细比较,包括患椎的前后缘及中线高度,cobb角,及骨水泥的分布以及骨水泥渗漏率。结果：在术后3天及3月时,两组患者的VAS评分和ODI评分较前均有显著改善(P<0.05),但两组间并无显著差异(P>0.05)。在术后3天及3月时,两组患者的患椎前后缘、中线高度及cobb角较前均有显著改善(P<0.05),但两组间并无显著差异(P>0.05)。网袋组在术后的骨水泥单侧分布率、渗漏率均优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组均未出现严重并发症(P>0.05)。结论：在胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折的治疗中,与常规的经皮椎体后凸成形术相比,网袋强化椎体成形术在手术疗效及撑开效果中无明显差异,但骨水泥渗漏率显著降低,能够有效的提高手术的安全性,在临床中可以进一步推广。     

果树树冠遮阴对间作冬小麦籽粒灌浆的影响

果树-小麦间作模式是新疆南疆地区的主要农业种植模式。试验以扁桃-冬小麦(新冬20)间作模式为对象,通过主干分层形(DC)、小冠形(SC)、开心形(OC)和高干形(HS)4个树形和3个间作距离(分别距树干距离1.5、2.5和3.5 m)共同营造不同果树树冠遮光处理,以单作小麦为对照,对不同处理下冬小麦灌浆期环境因子、籽粒灌浆特性进行测定,对灌浆特征参数与千粒重和环境因子的相关关系进行分析,旨在为新疆南疆果粮间作树形的选择和优化提供理论依据。结果表明:树冠遮光导致小麦冠层上方光合有效辐射强度(PAR)、红光/远红光(R/FR)和温度显著降低,湿度显著提高,变化程度受树形和间作距离的共同影响,4个树形对应间作区域PAR降幅均为DC＞OC/HS＞SC,除HS外,同一树形不同间作距离PAR降幅均表现为1.5 m＞2.5 m＞3.5 m,PAR降幅分布范围为35.5%～86.6%。采用三次多项式方程拟合籽粒灌浆过程,对籽粒灌浆参数与籽粒重量的相关性分析表明,小麦千粒重的降低与平均灌浆速率(V)、最大灌浆速率(V_max)、有效灌浆持续期(S_e)和有效灌浆持续期平均灌浆速率(V_s)的下降密切相关。灌浆特征参数与环境因子的相关性分析表明,S_e缩短、V降低主要是由小麦冠层入射PAR强度的下降导致的。果粮间作模式下,树冠遮阴使PAR强度降低,干物质积累量减少、S_e下降,最终导致间作小麦千粒重降低,当间作距离大于75%树高、遮阴强度≤自然光强的35.5%时,间作可以通过延长有效灌浆持续期,提高小麦千粒重。     

Spatial distribution of proteins and metabolites in developing wheat grain and their differential regulatory response during the grain filling process

Grain filling and grain development are essential biological processes in the plant’s life cycle, eventually contributing to the final seed yield and quality in all cereal crops. Studies of how the different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain components contribute to the overall development of the seed are very scarce. We performed a proteomics and metabolomics analysis in four different developing components of the wheat grain (seed coat, embryo, endosperm, and cavity fluid) to characterize molecular processes during early and late grain development. In-gel shotgun proteomics analysis at 12, 15, 20, and 26 days after anthesis (DAA) revealed 15 484 identified and quantified proteins, out of which 410 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the seed coat, 815 in the embryo, 372 in the endosperm, and 492 in the cavity fluid. The abundance of selected protein candidates revealed spatially and temporally resolved protein functions associated with development and grain filling. Multiple wheat protein isoforms involved in starch synthesis such as sucrose synthases, starch phosphorylase, granule-bound and soluble starch synthase, pyruvate phosphate dikinase, 14-3-3 proteins as well as sugar precursors undergo a major tissue-dependent change in abundance during wheat grain development suggesting an intimate interplay of starch biosynthesis control. Different isoforms of the protein disulfide isomerase family as well as glutamine levels, both involved in the glutenin macropolymer pattern, showed distinct spatial and temporal abundance, revealing their specific role as indicators of wheat gluten quality. Proteins binned into the functional category of cell growth/division and protein synthesis/degradation were more abundant in the early stages (12 and 15 DAA). At the metabolome level all tissues and especially the cavity fluid showed highly distinct metabolite profiles. The tissue-specific data are integrated with biochemical networks to generate a comprehensive map of molecular processes during grain filling and developmental processes.     

The Endosperm-Specific Expression of <i>YUCCA</i> Genes Enhances Rice Grain Filling

Grain filling is a crucial process that affects yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Auxin biosynthesis and signaling are closely related to rice yield; therefore, it is important to understand the effects of auxin biosynthesis on rice grain filling to improve crop yield. In this study, we used physiological and molecular strategies to identify the roles of auxin in rice grain filling. Exogenous application of auxin (IAA) or auxin analogues (2, 4-D) to young spikelets and flag leaves improved the seed-setting rate and yield per spike. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR assays confirmed that nine members of the OsYUCCA family of auxin biosynthetic genes were upregulated during grain filling, implication that auxin biosynthesis plays a major role in grain development. The specific expression of either Arabidopsis AtYUCCA1 or OsYUCCA2 in the endosperm or leaves resulted in increased expression of OsIAA genes and auxin content of seeds, as well as increased grain filling and seed-setting rate. This result establishes that the auxin content in grains and leaves is important for grain development. Our findings further highlight the potential applications for improving rice yield by elevating targeted gene expression in specific tissues.     

The venous circulation: a piscine perspective

Vascular capacitance describes the pressure–volume relationship of the circulatory system. The venous vasculature, which is the main capacitive region in the circulation, is actively controlled by various neurohumoral systems. In terrestrial animals, vascular capacitance control is crucial to prevent orthostatic blood pooling in dependent limbs, while in aquatic animals like fish, the effects of gravity are cancelled out by hydrostatic forces making orthostatic blood pooling an unlikely concern for these animals. Nevertheless, changes in venous capacitance have important implications on cardiovascular homeostasis in fish since it affects venous return and cardiac filling pressure (i.e. central venous blood pressure), which in turn may affect cardiac output. The mean circulatory filling pressure is used to estimate vascular capacitance. In unanaesthetized animals, it is measured as the central venous plateau pressure during a transient stoppage of cardiac output. So far, most studies of venous function in fish have addressed the situation in teleosts (notably the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss), while any information on elasmobranchs, cyclostomes and air-breathing fishes is more limited. This review describes venous haemodynamic concepts and neurohumoral control systems in fish. Particular emphasis is placed on venous responses to natural cardiovascular challenges such as exercise, environmental hypoxia and temperature changes.     

慢性根尖周炎应用氢氧化钙根管内封药的临床疗效观察

目的:观察慢性根尖周炎患牙用氢氧化钙根管内封药的临床疗效。方法:选择100例慢性根尖周病变患者随机分为实验组和对照组各50例;观察组用氢氧化钙做根管内封药;对照组用甲醛甲酚做根管内封药,观察术后1周的临床及X线片表现,并分析评定临床疗效。结果:术后1周有效率比较,观察组为96%,对照组为86%;两组间疗效差异具有统计学意义。结论:氢氧化钙是较理想的根管内消毒剂。     

单次与重复多次根管疏通填充对牙体牙髓病患者疼痛程度、咀嚼功能及炎性因子水平的影响

摘要 目的：探讨单次与重复多次根管疏通填充对牙体牙髓病患者疼痛程度、咀嚼功能及炎性因子水平的影响。方法：选取我院收治的119例牙体牙髓病患者,按照乱数表法将患者分为A组（n=59,重复多次根管疏通填充治疗）、B组（n=60,单次根管疏通填充治疗）。比较两组患者临床疼痛程度、总有效率、咀嚼功能及炎性因子水平,记录两组并发症发生情况。结果：B组治疗2周后的临床总有效率为93.33%（56/60）,高于A组的74.58%（44/59）（P<0.05）。治疗2周后两组患者咬合力、咀嚼效率升高,且B组高于A组（P<0.05）;两组患者治疗2周后牙龈指数、视觉疼痛模拟评分法（VAS）评分均下降,且B组低于A组（P<0.05）。两组患者治疗2周后血清白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-?琢（TNF-?琢）、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平均降低,且B组低于A组（P<0.05）。B组术后并发症发生率低于A组（P<0.05）。结论：采用单次根管疏通填充治疗可有效改善牙体牙髓病患者临床症状及炎性因子水平,还可降低术后并发症发生率,疗效确切。     

A newly discovered sperm transport system in the female of Lygaeidae bugs

In the female reproductive system of the relatively large hemipteran, the western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann), a cuticle‐lined tube extends medially along the surface of the vagina from the proximal end of the spermathecal complex anteriorly to the base of the common oviduct. This medial tube houses the proximal end of the spermathecal duct, thereby enabling the transport of material from the spermatheca at the distal end of the spermathecal complex, past the vagina (or bursa copulatrix) and directly to the common oviduct. The proximal portion of the spermathecal complex also contains an insemination duct that is separate from the spermathecal duct. The insemination duct allows the male intromittent organ to extend from the vagina to the spermatheca without navigating through the spermathecal duct. The reproductive systems of two previously studied Hemiptera, the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) and the box elder bug Leptocoris trivittatus (Say), possess a similar cuticle‐lined medial tube housing the spermathecal duct. This new information provides a clearer understanding of sperm transport in the female reproductive system of Lygaeidae bugs, and helps to clarify the path of the male organ during copulation, as well as the movement of sperm during egg laying.     

Differences in the responses of stem diameter and pod thickness to drought stress during the grain filling stage in soybean plants

This study investigated the factor of the physiological characteristics causing the reduction of yield of soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) by drought stress, by monitoring changes in stem diameter and pod thickness, and photosynthetic activity, partitioning of ¹³C-labeled photosynthate. Drought stress reduced the whole plant dry weight due to the decrease in leaf and pod dry matter accumulation; however, this stress did not have a significant effect on stem growth. Leaf photosynthesis was also severely decreased by drought stress in the early stage of stress treatment as leaf water potential decreased. Imposition of stress decreased pod thickness, but stem diameter increased. The adverse effect of drought stress on pod thickness was more evident at night than during the day. The stem diameter also shrank during the day and expanded at night, but the nocturnal increase in stem diameter during drought stress treatment was greater for stressed plants compared with well-watered controls. Drought stress significantly promoted ¹³C partitioning from the fed leaf to other parts of the plant; the stem was the largest beneficiary. Soluble carbohydrates accumulated in various plant parts under the influence of the stress, but starch concentration declined in all organs except the stem. These results indicated that stem growth was promoted by drought stress compared to pod growth at the early grain-filling stage.     

Comparison of the Drought Stress Responses of Tolerant and Sensitive Wheat Cultivars During Grain Filling: Changes in Flag Leaf Photosynthetic Activity,ABA Levels,and Grain Yield

Water status parameters, flag leaf photosynthetic activity, abscisic acid (ABA) levels, grain yield, and storage protein contents were investigated in two drought-tolerant (Triticum aestivum L. cv. MV Emese and cv. Plainsman V) and two drought-sensitive (cvs. GK élet and Cappelle Desprez) wheat genotypes subjected to soil water deficit during grain filling to characterize physiological traits related to yield. The leaf water potential decreased earlier and at a higher rate in the sensitive than in the tolerant cultivars. The net CO₂ assimilation rate (P _N) in flag leaves during water deficit did not display a strict correlation with the drought sensitivity of the genotypes. The photosynthetic activity terminated earliest in the tolerant cv. Emese, and the senescence of flag leaves lasted 7 days longer in the sensitive Cappelle Desprez. Soil drought did not induce characteristic differences between sensitive and tolerant cultivars in chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters of flag leaves during post-anthesis. Changes in the effective quantum yield of PSII (Φ_PSII) and the photochemical quenching (qP) depended on the genotypes and not on the sensitivity of cultivars. In contrast, the levels of ABA in the kernels displayed typical fluctuations in the tolerant and in the sensitive cultivars. Tolerant genotypes exhibited an early maximum in the grain ABA content during drought and the sensitive cultivars maintained high ABA levels in the later stages of grain filling. In contrast with other genotypes, the grain number per ear did not decrease in Plainsman and the gliadin/glutenin ratio was higher than in the control in Emese during drought stress. A possible causal relationship between high ABA levels in the kernels during late stages of grain filling and a decreased grain yield was found in the sensitive cultivars during drought stress.