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141.
Somatic embryogenesis in soybean via somatic embryo cycling 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Wennuan Liu Patricia J. Moore Glenn B. Collins 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1992,28(3):153-160
Summary The objectives of the present research were: a) to develop an efficient soybean embryogenic regeneration system characterized
by a high frequency of explant response and a large number of somatic embryos per explant; b) to evaluate the factors affecting
somatic embryogenesis via somatic embryo cycling; and c) to identify the origin of somatic embryos in the system. A highly
improved and efficient system for soybean somatic embryogenesis was established using somatic embryo cotyledons and somatic
embryo hypocotyl/radicle explants plated on α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) supplemented
MS basal media. The system included somatic embryo cycling between liquid and solid medium and it consistently gave rise to
a much higher frequency of explant response and a larger number of embryos per responding explant than those obtained from
zygotic cotyledon explant tissues. Genotype, differences were observed for response in some of the treatments with cv “Fayette”
being more responsive than “J103”. Histological studies revealed that somatic embryos induced in the somatic embryo cycling
system originated almost exclusively from epidermal cells on both 2,4-D and NAA inductive media. The cells of the epidermis
proliferated to produce somatic embryos directly without an intervening callus phase. A single-cell origin of somatic embryos
was observed in cultures on a 40 mg/liter 2,4-D treatment. A large number of responding cells in the epidermis was also observed
in the 10 mg/liter NAA treatment. The single-cell origin of somatic embryos from epidermal layers of the explant tissues should
facilitate development of an efficient transformation system for soybean. 相似文献
142.
In order to investigate the effects of Manganese (Mn) toxicity stress on the growth and gene expression at the seedling stage of soybean, soybean seedlings were treated with normal Mn concentration (5 μmol/L MnSO4) and excess Mn concentration (100 μmol/L MnSO4) by the method of hydroponic culture in this study. When soybean was subjected to Mn toxicity stress, excessive Mn could affect seedling growth, root development, the number of Mn oxide spots in leaves, and the Mn accumulation content in different parts of soybean. With the increase of exogenous Mn concentration and the prolongation of culture time, the shoot and root biomasses of soybean decreased significantly, but the plant height of soybean had no obvious effects. The total root length, root surface area and root volume of soybean decreased significantly, but the taproot length, taproot tip length and root diameter did not change significantly. The number of Mn spots in the primary leaves (first leaf) was significantly more than that in the old leaves (second leaf) and the youngest leaves (fourth leaf). The Mn concentration in leaves was significantly higher than that in roots, and the Mn concentration in the old leaves was significantly higher than that in youngest leaves with the method of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Moreover, the results in the present study suggested that the 10 selected genes were significantly up-regulated or down-regulated by Mn toxicity in the old and young leaves by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. This indicates that these genes might be important in the process of regulation in old and young leaves of the physiological responses and ion transporting to Mn toxicity stress. 相似文献
143.
144.
Coumarin induced root formation and stimulated fresh weight production in hypocotyl explants of Glycine max L. cultured in vitro. All stimulatory effects caused by coumarin were induced within a relatively narrow range of concentrations between 1–500 μM, yielding optimum dose response curves. When coumarin was combined with kinetin fresh weight increased considerably, at optimum concentrations to a level almost as high as that obtained with NAA (10 μM) and kinetin (10 μM). Root formation was almost completely inhibited when kinetin was added in combination with coumarin. NAA + coumarin had small stimulatory effects on fresh weight. but were inhibitory in root formation. The frequency of rooting per explant, texture and pigmentation were also affected by different treatments. 相似文献
145.
A minimal linear gene cassette (35S-phytase gene-nos) with T-DNA borders was acquired by PCR and directly introduced into
soybean through the pollen tube pathway. A total of 13% of T1 plants were positive for phyA by specific PCR. Southern blot analyses showed that phyA insertions were harbored stably in T2 progeny. Phytase expression level increased 2.5-fold over a 6-week period; its highest activity was 150 U/mg protein, compared
to 56 U/mg protein in untransformed controls. Activity of phytase increased to 125 FTU/kg in T3 transgenic seeds as compared to 64 FTU/kg in wild-type plants. 相似文献
146.
GmWRKY27 interacts with GmMYB174 to reduce expression of GmNAC29 for stress tolerance in soybean plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
147.
Kim K Lim KM Kim CW Shin HJ Seo DB Lee SJ Noh JY Bae ON Shin S Chung JH 《The Journal of nutritional biochemistry》2011,22(10):964-970
Many clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial effects of soybean (Glycine max) on general cardiovascular health. Among a variety of soybeans, black soybean is known to display diverse biological activities superior to those of yellow and green soybeans, such as in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. However, few studies have been directed on the effect of black soybean on cardiovascular function. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of black soybean extract (BB) on platelet activation, a key contributor to thrombotic diseases. In freshly isolated human platelets, BB has shown potent inhibitory activity on collagen-induced platelet aggregation, while yellow soybean extract had marginal activity only. BB also attenuated serotonin secretion and P-selectin expression, which are important factors for the platelet–tissue interaction along with thromboxane A2 formation. These in vitro results were further confirmed in an ex vivo platelet aggregation measurement and in vivo venous thrombosis model where oral administration of BB reduced collagen-induced platelet aggregation and FeCl3-induced thrombus formation significantly. A potential active ingredient for antiplatelet effects of BB was isolated and identified to be adenosine through bioassay-directed fractionation and NMR and ESI-MS analyses. These results indicate that black soybean can be a novel dietary supplement for the prevention of cardiovascular risks and the improvement of blood circulation. 相似文献
148.
Qingmei Han Haiyan Zhao Lili Huang Heinrich Buchenauer Yuhu Zuo Zhensheng Kang 《Journal of Phytopathology》2011,159(5):368-376
Resistance of soybean cultivars, depending on single dominant genes to Phytophthora sojae, may easily be overcome by emerging new virulent races. Light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) were used to study the infection process of the wild‐type isolate Ps411 and metalaxyl‐resistant mutant Ps411‐M of P. sojae in hypocotyls of soybean seedlings grown from untreated and metalaxyl‐treated seeds. The isolate Ps411‐M of P. sojae exhibited a high degree of resistance to metalaxyl compared to Ps411. The pathogenic fitness of Ps411‐M in hypocotyls of soybean seedlings was lower compared to Ps411. LM observations showed distinct differences in the infection process of both isolates in hypocotyls of treated soybean seedlings. EM studies revealed differences in the prepenetration stage between Ps411 and Ps411‐M on hypocotyls grown from seeds treated with 0.02% metalaxyl until the whole seed surface coated. The number of infection sites was markedly reduced and few hyphae continued to spread. Numerous ultrastructural alterations in hyphae were observed in treated hypocotyls infected with Ps411, including pronounced thickening of hyphal cell walls and encasement of haustorium‐like bodies; electron‐dense material was deposited in host cell walls in contact with hyphal cells. Neither the prepenetration process nor penetration or spread of hyphae in the hypocotyls of the resistant isolate was affected in treated compared to non‐treated tissue. While in treated hypocotyls infected with the wild‐type isolate, host defence reactions were induced, no such reactions were detected in treated hypocotyls infected with the resistant isolate. Hypocotyls from metalaxyl‐treated seeds infected with the wild‐type isolate resembled an incompatible interaction, whereas during infection with the metalaxyl‐resistant mutant, the compatible interaction was not changed. 相似文献
149.
Qungang Qi Jintai Huang James Crowley Lisa Ruschke Barry S. Goldman Li Wen William D. Rapp 《Plant biotechnology journal》2011,9(2):193-204
Threonine (Thr) is one of a few limiting essential amino acids (EAAs) in the animal feed industry, and its level in feed rations can impact production of important meat sources, such as swine and poultry. Threonine as well as EAAs lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met) are all synthesized via the aspartate family pathway. Here, we report a successful strategy to produce high free threonine soybean seed via identification of a feedback‐resistant aspartate kinase (AK) enzyme that can be over‐expressed in developing soybean seed. Towards this goal, we have purified and biochemically characterized AK from the enteric bacterium Xenorhabdus bovienii (Xb). Site‐directed mutagenesis of XbAK identified two key regulatory residues Glu‐257 and Thr‐359 involved in lysine inhibition. Three feedback‐resistant alleles, XbAK_T359I, XbAK_E257K and XbAK_E257K/T359I, have been generated. This study is the first to kinetically characterize the XbAK enzyme and provide biochemical and transgenic evidence that Glu‐257 near the catalytic site is a critical residue for the allosteric regulation of AK. Furthermore, seed‐specific expression of the feedback‐resistant XbAK_T359I or XbAK_E257K allele results in increases of free Thr levels of up to 100‐fold in R1 soybean seed when compared to wild‐type. Expression of feedback‐sensitive wild‐type AK did not substantially impact seed Thr content. In addition to high Thr, transgenic seed also showed substantial increases in other major free amino acid (FAA) levels, resulting in an up to 3.5‐fold increase in the total FAA content. The transgenic seed was normal in appearance and germinated well under greenhouse conditions. 相似文献
150.
膨胀素(expansin,EXP)通过调控细胞壁的松弛在植物应对环境胁迫过程中起着重要作用。为研究EXP基因在大豆应对非生物胁迫过程中的作用,该文对大豆中的两个EXP基因(GmEXPB5和GmEXPB7)及其蛋白序列进行生物信息学分析,通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测基因表达量。结果表明:(1)GmEXPB5和GmEXPB7分别位于大豆第10号和第12号染色体上,编码的蛋白序列长度分别为272和267个氨基酸。GmEXPB5蛋白分子量为29.07 kD,理论等电点为7.51; GmEXPB7蛋白分子量为29.09 kD,理论等电点为8.66。GmEXPB5和GmEXPB7均为稳定的亲水蛋白且定位于细胞壁中。GmEXPB5和GmEXPB7蛋白均含有一段信号肽序列和一个保守的DPBB_1结构域。(2)GmEXPB5蛋白与鹰嘴豆CaEXPB15蛋白亲缘关系最近,GmEXPB7蛋白与密花豆、赤豆和豇豆的EXPB3蛋白有着较近的亲缘关系。(3)GmEXPB5和GmEXPB7在大豆根、茎和叶中均有表达且它们在根和叶中的表达量均显著高于茎中的表达量。(4)GmEXPB5和GmEXPB7在大豆幼苗中可以响应盐、干旱和低温胁迫。(5)GmEXPB5启动子区域含有2种与逆境相关的顺式作用元件(ABRE和ARE); GmEXPB7启动子区域含有5种与逆境相关的顺式作用元件(ABRE、ARE、CGTCA-motif、TC-rich repeats和MBS)。综上所述,GmEXPB5和GmEXPB7能够参与大豆对非生物胁迫的应答。 相似文献